1

Chapter 1

Introduction

“Sooner or later in far-flung expectations from students our future generations after

generations will expand a novel corresponding teaching in our schools and study rooms. He

further says the new generation will create news things and will have the will power to use

up hours in inventing new techniques for teaching leaning process and making it simpler

and easy way to learn. There may be possibility the students may resolve to understanding

and be familiar with the disparity stuck between luminosity and facts” - Plato

The levels of achievement of the student’s are considered through written tests. But by written

test one can measure the true potentiality of an individual. After assertion of results most of the

people converse about the achievement and the disappointment, but they do not discuss or think

about average students. Why have they got fewer marks? If we make a vigor study about these

students we may find that they have excelled in one subject but have failed to come up to mark

with another. This could be because of a learning disability or needs remedial teaching. If such

students are helped or given remedial programme their achievement can go higher.

In a familiar sight, the Mumbai high court on Thursday 20th of July 2006, heading for all schools

in Maharashtra to place for strictly guidelines intended to pupils among knowledge unawareness.

The existing knowledge that the students have and not to use efficiently smears the students’

efforts e are used in English language. And that and the factor that are used to find out and that

are used for educative purpose and it also enhances remedial programme that the learner needs

and also enhances the skilled growth of the student. The corrective programme that learner needs

and also that is needed for the learner students learn for some genuine reason..Mistakes in

grammar that is written and that intended to be written is set for the learner to learn..Students

also learn for some genuine reason. On top of the entire research, the entire learning aims by the

side of discussion, the ruin within conditions of learning of English. On the bases of the need of

mistakes and search and on some essential discussion about remedial program is to be followed

through explanation and division of faults in common.

2

Why English?

“English have turn out to be the standard of all pertinent common connections in addition to the

aptitude in the direction of use English efficiently is careful an total vital intended for respect”

In India English is the sign for people to aspire for the best kind of education with excellent and

a complete in education to the nation that links international life..English plays a very important

role and is used in a multilingual country like India; it has a very responsive and versatile

position toward engage in recreation. Since English, is an being a international tongue, is worn as

a vital part of language of India.

As for country like India English has cover up more ensuing language to a certain extent than an

out of the country language. Taking into consideration affects the language of English language

and even the performance of the students. As of now from the point of the view of the learners

the contact to language of English is present to a enormous amount. journalists, signboard, small

screen, means of communication and Internet etc. links us with exterior tradition.. Built-up cities

anywhere, where traditions exist, the experience of supplementary languages be simply

accessible at the similar occasion the amount of prerequisite learning. Learning verbal

communication learning cannot exist completely disconnected as of the nearby of the beginner.

When the genuine experience is nowhere disburse rancid this incomplete contact by means of

false classroom circumstances. On the other hand, at the present it is being consideration

tremendously critically in the direction of brings in English language at slightest because a

subsequent words through set of courses, so with the intention of the use of the English words is

his primary need. English being commerce and an official language all over the world our

country needs to be studied well. The advanced row up university education is mainly through

English. Devoid of the knowledge of English it would be hard to gain more in sequence and

acquaintance of the outside world.

In today’s competitive world where there are challenges in every corner of the world Information and

communication technologies is playing a fundamental role in open and distance learning and

toward meet the necessities and outlook of the learner in large level. Information and has many

useful requirements and modern technologies be used by the learner at different stages of the

cycle that is learnt in the form of entrance segment, the scholarship segment, the assessment

segment and lastly the certificate segment that has been done and given at the service. Across the

3

past twenty years the use of Information and communication has basically changed all forms of

Endeavour within business, governance and off education! In this kind of challenging world

where there are cut-throat competitions information and technology plays a major role here

Modern technology is very useful and learning takes place even in remote areas where there are

co-education schools, and education being delivered in small villages through distance learning.

Learning takes place and girls who are at work can even study, earn their living and study as

well. There is no need to attend colleges only through modern technology learning takes place.

Students cannot grasp learning and here the learning disability occurs. It becomes difficult for

the institution to render armed forces to the educator at different stages where students are

learning due to limited faculties and where teachers are not accessible, and over here Information

and communication technology is a key supply to defeat such boundaries. The futurologists

forecast that the future students of 21st century will have necessary education only through

Distance education. The continuous education may be able to offer education even in skill

development than merely indulging in information transformation. Technology has come to

assist distance education to amassing degree that it can institutionalize education.

To provide concrete example many of the healthy workers and nurse are given training through

distance education as in-service programmers for enrichment and modernization in many

countries. Many workers want to improve since there is fast escalation of knowledge input and

technology enrichment because of invention of new gadgets and instruments in every field,

especially in medicine, they have to be trained in the use of them for improvement in their

profession. Not only have the workers, the institution itself provided encouragement and

incentives for those workers to educate themselves through in-service programme. Distance

education is largely depending on Educational Technology extensively them in this venture.

Educational Technology:

Educational Technology is the new branch of technology coming up to assist education with the

appropriate use of technological gadgets and in the improvement of quality education in all its

dimensions. Electronics, especially computers find a big place in Educational Technology.

An ordinary nurse working in a hospital wants to improve her qualification in thermal survey, a

new field coming up in medicine. She has been working in ordinary hospital with minimum

qualification. Everywhere, there is a demand only for nurse with specialization and hence she

wants to improve her qualification. But the family conditions never permit her to join the formal

4

education since she cannot leave the job and she has a family to support. She cannot apply for

leave and she need her pay very dearly to run the home. She approached the University of

Canberra in the Distance university section.

The course insisted that she must have a computer and a video as part of her study accessories.

She borrows from the technology library and they installed it in her house on rent. The computer

and video are interfaced.WAN (wide area net-work) is a kind of facility like the cable T.V. of

our city where all the computers are linked for communication. Normally WAN will have the

link through the SAT connection (satellite linkage). The distance education department of the

university works with the technology wing and it has developed all facilities in the distance

education available to the students through (electronic) telecommunication. The expert who lives

in the city as faculties are linked to the university through cable SAT links. Their physical

presence is not instated. The students after registration and paying the fees never come to the

university. Everything is done through the communication net-work operated through the

computers.

Electronics in Distance Education:

As student must have a net-work of telephone, a computer and a T.V. and. interfaced to function

as an a interactive video systems for communication.

Through e-mail and the WAN (wide area net-work)or LAN (local net area) the university

communicates with students. In e-mail system, the computer is connected to telephone line

through modem (a digital analog converter) if my friend in America wants to write a letter, he

can use my pass word on computer network and in e-mail (in Non-Document mode) can type the

matter to be send to my computer. The message will come to my computer and me system will

store it, when I open my computer, or through signal, I will be informed about the message. The

e-mail will flash no my monitor screen of the computer. I can read a hard copy. So without any

postal expenditure, I can also send my reply through the same e-mail system. It is very popular

and common in developed nations. It has come to all big cities in India.

Let us now look to the system that operated in the university. In the university the entire campus

is under the watchful eyes of the super main frame computer. The Registrar of the university is

an expert engineer in electronic communication. In front of him is an array of TV screens hooked

to all sections of the university. He is in contact with all parts of the campus instantaneously

video, software sections and library are the brain centers of the university. The system can enter

5

into the campus through their computers network at anytime of the day and can have an access to

the learning materials by in line service open to the user on password code.

In the distance education wing, the reading materials and library books, are produced in the form

of instructional software. What is it? It may be learning materials produced by the subject experts

in the form of Video cassettes or computer disc (CAI) like the one children use for computer

games. Like viewing a camera, you can see the video on environment education; how man was

polluting the air or water you can see them in picture with comment. It will be followed by

questions you have to answer in your e-mail system. All your answers will be checked by the

Master computer in the distance education department and your marks will be entered in your

database (record where all your details from admission to marks will be stored)

The distance education prepares various formats of the information software and stocks them in

use. When on issue if the student comes across any mistake conceptually with the new

inventions, or need some changes, it is brought to the technologies. They refer the requests for

change to the expert in charge. If it is found to be genuine, the changes are brought in time.

Improvement for quality instruction is always welcome. The role in education is recurring and

unavoidable. Rapid changes in the technologies are indicating that the role of ICT in future will

grow tremendously in education. By observing the current activities and practices in education

we say the development of i within formation and communicative technology education has

strongly affected on what is learned? How it is learned? When and where learning takes places?

Who is learning and who is teaching?

Institutional Quality is an integrated institutional approach in delighting customers (both internal

(students )and external (parents, society) by meeting their expectations through everyone

involved in academic with the organization working on continuous improvement in academic

performance, services and processes along with proper problem methodology. Institutional

quality refers to :-”Meeting the requirement of internal and external customers consistently by

continuous improvement in the quality of work, functioning, academic performance, services

rendered to the customers and the processes which goes on in an institutional institution.”Thus

Institutional quality means a continuous improvement in academic performance and services

with a view to meet the needs of customers in the most efficient manner. It involves an ongoing

process for improving the quality of the product where the students receive maximum benefits

from communication. Students are further disadvantage at the shortage of special educators

6

teachers who are trained in this special field. These students do not get proper facilities of

learning and they are deprived from learning. To improve further scholastic presentation is

provided to the students of non-English background. In order to avoid disappointed and stress on

the students, special verbal communication classes are held and are conducted linguistically and

ethnically. In order that students get their best to their potential, the educationists suggest

different ways to operate and make it sure that the students get to their potential. Many of the

students are still unsuccessful at the institution for various reasons. There are many genuine

cases where there scholastic problems come on their way and where there are deficiencies in

teaching and learning process. There are many students who have a very little vocabulary and

they fail for the reason that they are not contact and not in touch with successful English

instructor who teaches other languages too. These students are unable to grasp learning. Learners

coming from different grounds and even from lower socio-economic background..They have

complexities in them and presume they will not be able to learn as they feel they belong to the

central point group of pupil’s experience. All individual are different in their own way of life.

Some students may have learning difficulties coming up from different educational institution,

from where they belong. If the students or the learner does not get proper remedial on time than

he or she is likely to get no learning experience and learning becomes more severe to him and

will not be able to grasp teaching in later part of his life. These students or learners face

difficulties and learning becomes difficult and are unable to fill in the gap and their work on

learning remains incomplete and the distance in teaching and in the process remains

unaccomplished. Due to many reasons the students face learning disabilities. These learners fail

in attempt in learning of language and these fail to understand and learn the languages because

there are no proper educators to teach them. The educators who trained in special education field

instruct these students in their own mother-tongue rather than explaining in English language fail

to understand and learn the languages and finally turn out to be with teaching and learning

disability’s

are further of the teacher through modern means of technology.

English Language Learners with individual Needs:

Students have many learning difficulties stemming from other linguistic and from other

educational sources. Students coming from lower socioeconomic background have inferiority

7

complex and it is reputed that middle class students are of lesser exposure to the use of English

language. These students coming from lower strata have limited use of language and less

exposure and they are in less contact to the use of two languages for instruction can be seen and

widely for the use of it. There are so many cases, where their academic difficulties can be seen

and widely documented where there are deficiencies in instruction and learning situation. Due to

these reasons students at school are unsuccessful. These students later on face challenges and

they do not come out in open and lack confidence in talking. when these students are not checked

they face difficulties and in over a period of time, it becomes difficult and more serious if the

teaching at school are not modified and properly spoken to the needs of the students. When these

students go to face and have exposure to the outside world they do not receive proper taking

part and they will have an exposure to the where they will not receive proper participation and

they will have to keep on struggling and the slit that they are having amid them will not be

accomplished and the problem will become big in times to come. Other students have some other

difficulties in learning and if remedial teaching is not given in suitable time then they turn out to

learning disabilities. Students who are beyond doubt having learning disabilities and who are not

successful in learning the language and who are having very limited vocabulary, use of language

not proper, sentence arrangement incorrect, have difficulties in them and it is confusing fir the

students to distinguish themselves. So special interest and focus has to be given to students who

are involved in getting remedial teaching improved amongst them. English language many a

times students who are learning English language are underprivileged by lacking resources, they

do not have proper qualified teachers, they lack suitable evaluation method of teaching and lack

of human resource who demeanor linguistic and ethnic classes as they are deprived by all these

factors. There are shortage of teachers anf faculties who are teaching the language. English

language and verbal communication to the learners who are in need of special education are

skilled auxiliary not able to learn as there are no proper trained faculties and human resources to

tackle the situation and these learners are deprived from the needs of learning. For the

improvement of the academic presentation of the students who have no knowledge of English

language and no background of language. The focus should be allowed to participate in learning

to avoid disappointment and they should be allowed to participate in learning to avoid stress in

future life. To enlighten for all the purpose of education related to all the needs of life and it also

recommends for the purpose and for proper development in arranging and by gathering the

8

requirements recommended for the needs in order to avoid disappointment and there should be

no stress on the individual student and their improvement in scholastic performance will be

improved and to put them on the right trail.

What is Remedial Programme?

Remedial teaching is particularly intended choice plan where the observer sees learners sinking

performance and it is the need to investigate and approve that the learner does not learn anything

wrong and it goes according to the right plan of the achiever. Remedial teaching is not something

new in the context of education and on the effectiveness of teaching/learning process. Mistakes

are measured and it is taken up as a usual individual activity. There are maxims for everything

and it has to be learnt accordingly. As far as education in any field that has to be taken into

consideration and then only the learner who is learning remedial teaching will have a mild

approach to learning..Trial and error is the right way and it is suggested by the cognitive learning

and special schools are arranged for this kind of learning. Repeating and mastering in all the

form of drill is not always a technique that can go ahead for real learning. Proper orientation and

proper use that can lead to proper nourishment and it can lead to useful approach. Proper use of

experimentation that is practical of learning things comes into force with real practical exposure.

When the students get real and proper exposure of life in learning through trial and error method

hen the students experienced. Some changes in life that occur we may see, that learning that

learning has some modification and changes have been done. In a moment it was exposed and

shown and was made to realized that mistakes if not corrected on time it can be ineffective and

the students are dominated to learn things in a proper way and also learn correctly. For the

constructive proposal the idea of mistakes came into being and the educator who acted as a task

instructor who redefined the whole process. Earlier tutoring time was given only to those who

made mistakes. In order to purpose the learning that to be given in probable who have to learn

English with the sight of linguistic skin tone and unreal values that are rapidly growing in large

number.

As a researcher, the teacher educator who is teaching English aims at identifying and rectifying

the mistakes used in English language. The students who are pursuing B.Ed. and who taken

English as their method and who are going to teach English in future, observes that the students

learn it for practical purpose and also for practical education and the experts believe that students

learn English for personality development. Those who come from vernacular medium cannot go

9

a long way brilliantly and their process of learning is not accomplished. These students have a

poor gap of communication and less information as it can lead to a total stoppage of learning. All

these students who have learned English language have learnt it in school as their second

language. Students who have learnt English have to be first taught step by step of production to

learning of language in the form of grammar that is to be written where students focus on the

four skills of English learning. The problem of learning and teaching can be cut off. Remedial

programmed teaching can be cut off from the base if extensive remedial programme is

implemented to the use of right method of correcting mistakes. The language is to be learnt and it

is more of medium and a small amount of content in used. Students has to put in more efforts and

they help toss look for extraordinary concentration that are given to students in the right way for

practice. The investigator has to look for the requirement that is really need to solve the

grammatically mistakes in writing of language. If these mistakes are corrected in time students

can provide the accurate and appropriate formation that are important in framing the area of

knowledge to communicate effectively. The students studying at bachelor of education have to

be acknowledge and be given some time and recognition to the corrective measures through the

process of remedial learning. Remedial learning is to educate the learner for the excellence of

learning. It is also to correct the measures and the mistakes done for comprehensive learning of

the language. To analyze the process of evaluation, learning cn be made fruitful to the learner in

the form of test. A widespread corrective measures will resolve and be carried out on the way to

accurate the errors along with it to resolve the difficulty from the beginning to the origin point.

The educator be supposed to assess every scholar traits as well as potentials in addition to make a

arrangement intended for that exacting student's knowledge. Because of moment in time all

through the path, educators must evaluate the growth of the learner and make acquainted to them

by means of the in sequence they necessitate. Seeing that a effect, of teachers lend a hand to both

student and the teacher to get hold of their self-confidence each and every one from beginning to

end the way of the syllabus. Learners may be able to place in an extra pains as they require

compensating a particular individual treatment to the essential structures so as to can make

available them by means of an considerate of satisfied they surround for the reason that spoken

statement is an extra of a transitional and not as much of satisfied for them.

Concept of remedial programme:

10

Analytical difficulties and remedial instruction go hand in hand. Analytical difficulties are

worthless and ineffective without remedial teaching. To cure means to treat next to a fault.

Consequently, remedial teaching is as long as instructional creativity. It is a process of satisfying

in the gaps in the earlier learning, a development of removing distortions that have crept into

pupils learning. It is a sort of lessons inside the track of which mistakes be checked in addition to

recurrence of previous flows is banned. It is a paying attention effort on the way to fortify the

gone platform be stage to prior. in the direction of outline out, it is an open challenge to get

better results by means of curing their mistakes. It is a kind of education where mistakes are

rectified and continuous repeating words are prevented for further course. Focuses are attempted

to strength the words that were introduced before. The students who are lacking behind and are

finding it difficult, attempts should be made by helping them out in their mistakes and learning

takes place for some reason and to motivate them, who are slow in understanding and grasping.

Need and utility of remedial teaching: Remedial teaching is helpful to pupil for the

following reasons.

It fills in the gaps with the aim of pupils learning.

It provides for strengthening of the structures that are gone due to negligence

It rectifies the concepts in English that has not been understood.

It provides accurate and essential support that is useful for future learning

It hastens the course of English language learning.

Underachievers are promoted to put in more hard work to inform their knowledge as an effect of

which there is homogeneity in the classroom.

For successful remedial teaching, subsequent maxim must be trailed. A amount of mistakes that

are not accepted by the rules go silently hooked on knowledge intended for the motive so as to

motivate, the students, scarcity of teachers and faculty members, poor physical condition,

unsuccessful lessons concerned treatment is a must. Teachers dealing with the students should

provide protection to the pupils’. Correctness of analysis and accurate categorization should be

ascertained and make use of Multi-media approach should be used. Skills of reading and writing

should be developed in concert with good study habits. Selection of correctives depends on the

nature of errors and causes of errors. E.g. Errors can be caused due to inadequate learning in the

past and consequently re-teach would be needed. Once an analysis is made, categorization of

pupils is correctly made and correctives are appropriately chosen. Correctives can be applied

11

individually i.e. one pupil at a time or to a group. The teachers who take up the remedial teaching

should have an appropriate approach and remedial teaching cannot be compare to daily teaching.

It is a compensatory teaching. Assessment of outcome from remedial teaching: Assessment is

said to be a constant process. Therefore, success of correctives methods used and the

differentiation in accomplishment in an area of achievement should be evaluated. The problem-

solving test given earlier to detect flows can be treated as the pretest. The same test can be used

as the post-test. The average scores of two tests can be compared. An important disparity

between the two is needed. As a result, assessment the two standard score would mean that

submission of correctives and use of methods has resulted in remediation. If not, suitable

modifications refer not only to standard scores but every aspect of findings and remediation.

Consequence of mistake done investigation reveals that inside verbal communication education

and in addition to knowledge procedure study be a element of the course anywhere instructor

educating words beneath the course of what the learner is going to learn and what is going on in

one ‘intellect. at hand a imperative disparity flanked by mistakes ‘as Carder significantly

enthusiastic out the indispensable peculiarity in the middle of trial and errors.. Carder feels that

‘mistakes ‘are due to ‘presentation mis which takes that are akin to losing one’s steadiness. The

apprentice canon his own correct it afterward because they be not the consequences of lack of

knowledge, while, authentic mistakes are due to unawareness and system. The novice cannot

exact it. Error analysis is essentially significant because, “Learner’s correct sentences do not

essentially give facts of the rules of the new language and the rules he has developed at given

stages of his language development”. This can be done only by the errors he makes. And after

notable, this only can carry on in education. So, mistakes, and its revise together are predictable

as a part of lessons and knowledge process.

There are two major sources of errors in language learning. The native interference of the

language learning is the first source and the source that can be attributed to intralingua and for

the developmental factor is the second source. In learning of a language the native language of

the learner plays a significant role. Interlingua errors occur due to the influence of the native

language and these errors are also called as interference errors. Recent researchers tend to

minimize Interlingua errors and emphasized intralingua and developmental errors as negative

interference and are still acknowledge as an important factor in learning of the language.

Intralingua and developmental errors are due to the difficulty of the aimed language. Intralingua

12

and developmental factors contain are subsequently shown below: 1. Generalization: Here the

learner does not choose any of the complex forms and constructions; instead the students choose

the simpler ones. E.g. Present perfect continuous students may choose the use of simple present

tense.2. Overgeneralization: Extending its application to one context where it should not apply

and the use of one form or construction in other context. e.g. overgeneralization the use of

runned and treated as the past tense forms of run and eat and the omission of the third person

singular s under the pressure of all other endless forms as in he go. In order to reduce their

linguistic burden Generalization and Overgeneralization are used by the learners.3. Overexcited

corrections: every now and then the keen efforts of the teachers in correcting their student’s

errors encourage them to make errors in using correct formations.4. Insufficient learning: This

error is caused by an incomplete learning or phrases. Undifferentiating and by ignorance of rules

and restrictions, e.g he left. What Errors Treatment should be given? Repeated correction of

errors upsets the development of language and discourages the shy students from

communication. Teachers should not correct all errors made by the students.

The following are the guiding principle in correcting language learning of the students.

1. Teachers should ponder on correcting global errors more than the local errors. They should

also correct errors touching simplicity i.e. errors that interfere with understandability of

expression.

2. Oversight of the third person singular s is an error of high occurrence and it should be

corrected often.

3. 3. More importance should be on correcting errors moving a large proportion of the students.

Frustrating errors should be paid more attention. This factor is related to the sociolinguistic of

language learning group of students.. Students who come from lower socioeconomic classes are

aware and are also responsive to be ridiculed at for their informal variety of language than from

the students coming from higher influential families who are well acquainted with good

vocabulary. Errors relevant to pedagogical focus should receive more attention from the teacher

than the others. e.g. If the focus of the lesson is in the simple present tense, the corrective errors

involving pronouns conjunction, interjection preposition articles should not be used in this lesson

by the teacher because if the teacher did, the attention of the students would be diverted from the

focus of the lesson which in this case, is the use of simple present tense.

13

The language English have turn out to be the intermediate relegated to all community

connections in addition to the skill used in language of English efficiently be well thought-out a

complete necessary intended for admiration”

In India English is the sign of people’s aspirations for excellence in education and a fuller

contribution in nationwide and worldwide life. When a far-away language is used in a

multilingual country like India, it has a very responsive and multifaceted role to play. English,

being a international language, is used as a vital part of languages in India.

In India English has taken more as subsequent language rather than an overseas language. In a

number of schools English is introduced as second, third or even in fewer cases forth language.

All these consideration affect the English language performance so students. From the point of

the view of the learners the contact to English is there to a huge degree. Newspapers, Signboards,

Television, Radio and Internet etc. acts as a link-language that links us with exterior cultures.

Urban cities where all cultures co-exist, the exposure to other languages is simply accessible and

at the same time the quantity of requirement also differs. Language learning can’t be totally

disconnected from the surrounding of the learner. When the genuine experience is not there we

try to pay off this incomplete contact with false classroom circumstances. However, now it is

being thought very seriously to bring in English language at slightest as a second language

through set of courses, so that the use of the English language is his primary need. English being

commerce and an official language all over the world our country needs to be studied well. The

advanced row up university education is mainly through English. Devoid of the knowledge of

English it would be hard to gain more information and acquaintance of the outside world.

Information and communication technology is playing a vital role in open and distance learning

to meet the requirements and expectations of the learners in large scale. Modern powers are the

power that has changed many aspects of the lives. The impact on each sector of the life across

the past two-three decades has been enormous. It is difficult to perform the same using any

traditional institutional system due to its limited resources. Technology has various proven tools

and technologies to meet the requirements of a learner at various phases of learning cycle viz the

admission phase, the learning phase, the evaluation phase and finally the certification phase as a

service. Across the past twenty years the use of modern technology has basically changed all

forms of Endeavour within business, governance and off education! In distance learning system,

learners are remote to the institution and are in large scale. It is difficult for a learner to visit the

14

institution every day to get a service/support as available in a conventional system and at the

same time, it is even difficult to the institution itself to provide services to the learners at

different phases of a student learning life cycle, due to limited human resource available.

Information and communication technology is a prime resource to overcome such limitations.

ROLE OF REMEDIAL TEACHING:

To regulate advance English, successful corrective teaching is a must. Corrective teaching does

not mean learning again. Every cure though expensive or difficult is ineffective, if it does not

cure the disease. A curative educator must have a frame of mind of compassion that has affection

for and is concern for his or her students.

A. Classification:

i) From beginning to end in educational achievement: When questions are asked to the under-

achievers they resolve to answer the questions incorrectly. He may most likely not respond to the

questions asked and will appear to be baffled in the classroom.

ii) Task to be done at Home: A child who is underachieved will not take interest in home

assignments and will not do the homework that is assign to him or her. If forced to do his

worksheet and if he or she is under pressure to complete the work, he may find way out to

replication, which may be detected without any difficulty.

iii) Component tests and periodic tests: He will show underprivileged presentation time and

again in periodicals. He will also not challenge the difficulties and will be engage in some other

activity and he may even write down the same questions that is asked.. He possibly will even try

to replica the answer to the problems from his friends.

B. From beginning to end in behavioral aspect:

i) Approach towards scholastic behavior: He will resolve to be unbiased in such behavior. He

will attempt to abstain himself from such actions. He will try to keep away from debates,

conversations about academics with his classmates and teachers.

ii) Class avoidance: The child will attempt to disinterest in the lesson for a single or an additional

cause. He will present excuses by not being present in the classroom.

15

iii) Swindle with notebooks instead of studying: Instead of studying the child will be found to

swindle with notebooks. On one occasion the lesser privileged child has been recognized; the

subsequently step would be to analyze the deficiencies of the students.

C. To analyze the deficiencies:

a) Instruction to concepts: The student’s idea linked to a scrupulous topic or method is not

obvious. For instance, the disparity between sail and sale may not be apparent to him.

b) Answering Skill: He might not be of a high-quality at answering and so he could gives flawed

outcome regularly whilst performing sweeping statement.

c) Process of solving difficulty: If the student is not comprehensible concerning the method of

script language and so he or she frequently gets incorrect answers.

d) Use of facts: He or she might not be able to relate the well-read information in diverse

situations. For example, in word, he may be unsuccessful to explain sentences into adverbs or

identify the nouns. Once, the teacher has diagnosed the deficiencies he can look out for the

similar cause.

D. Causes of deficiencies:

a) Recall: Person’s capacities of learning by heart the details and information.

b) Perception: Underprovided in understanding he does not pursue what he perceives.

c) Appearance: Finds complexity in screening words and dialect.

d) Insufficient information: Insufficient treatment specified in the previous class.

e) Guardian’s background: Low society status and financial crises schooling and absence from

schools are the causes of under-achievers.

f) Parental outlook: lack of concern of parents towards studies; over-expectation from students.

g) School based: Short of suitable apparatus and atmosphere in school-crammed up classrooms.

h) Standard of teaching: verbal communication, problems of language. Bodily factors reduced

vision; deprived from hearing, poor health and added troubles.

i) Personal factors: Excellent in spoken job; doesn’t systematize notes and not interested in

doing home work repeatedly; dishonest in studies; incredibly concerned but is not capable to

focus on studies; lacks self-assurance; lowliness, panic of breakdown in studies; desires

corporation of friends who keep away from lessons; poignant unsteadiness.

16

j) Instructor underside: Short of self-assurance in instructor; be deficient in moment at teacher’s

removal; faulty technique of coaching; doesn’t support students contribution in class;

insufficient home task, homework and troubles for putting into practice; inappropriate means

of rectification of training and of supervision to students at suitable instance and period.;

information of the topic is not methodical and systematic; incapable to explain difficult ideas;

lacks in appearance; unable to provide safe and loving climate in classroom and lack of

considerate and receiving for every individual young person. Possibility of cures and

remedies having known to the above will be talk about:

a) Not more than 8 to 15 students in every class should be taken for group wise remedial-

teaching.

b) Individual and personal attention should be taken care of by the instructor.

c) Students should not be dishonored they feel awkward

d) Out of the ordinary and cautiously prepared devised for under achiever’s assignment should

be prepared from very Simpler to simple multifaceted.

e) Drilling Exercise in the form of reading-re-read, writing-re-write

f) Team learning and team work

g) Micro-notes’ should be prepared and given to the students.

h) Part of teaching should be taken from the course outline only.

The investigator gives an achieved preparation plan to be undertaken by a remedial teacher.

The Achievement preparation plan that has to be carried out for remedial teaching:

In the place of remedial teaching two impending of assessment in trend these days, i.e. the

development approach make clear to on the presentation of the teacher and the product

approach focusing on the presentation of the students with gaze to exact aims-here to get

elevated achievement in the examinations in provisions of grades and subject matter, the

second is favored for explicable reasons. This development is based on the conviction that no

matter what the educator may encompass in the class room is immaterial if not the purpose of

gaining a far above the ground score in the examinations in terms of grades and subject

matter is achieved. This subsequently is the chief criterion of assessment together of the coach

and the competent at all levels. In this falsehood the implication of analytical and remedial

teaching, which is consequently, the main accountability of the teacher? This type of instructions

involves: provided that suitable corrective actions and as long as preventing them from coming

17

back in opportunity. If an educator is talented enough to do justice to his main liability next it

may carefully be alleged that the teaching vocation has a vivid future in amass. Designed for the

advantage of teachers in universal, the researcher is signifying an accomplished plan on these

lines: Be a real and an inventive, creative educator in the midst of an unlock mind. Be relevant

suitable in analytical check in the direction of flaw of every young person. In proceedings, the

institution has to participate in an essential role to attain the final aim. The disparity amid

supervised study i.e. studies under the administration of a coach and corrective lessons are

evidently implicit. The supervised learning instance is framed in such a way that a instructor

should assign at least three periods a week for science subjects like Physics, Chemistry and

Biology and even for learning English literature, English Language, social sciences subjects like

history, economics, civics and geography, and Mathematics (the subjects wherever utmost

flaws are originated). The teacher on his or her part ought not to do away his/her time except

her or his responsibilities and carry out activities in communication and encourage the students

to perform the so called activities well and the ultimate objective will be achieved. She/he must

stay in mind that if a learner successful then the teacher has not being doing well and has

also failed in completing her task; the assessment system has been disastrous; the

evaluation system has also messed up and by and large the education system has been a

complete futile. Everyone seems well as regards the intellectual feature of it, is alarmed, except

when it comes to, to its realistic portion we find a perplexed situation as to what in reality we are

likely to do through remediation and to attain a desired result in a large quantity as effective

results comes subsequently. Consequently, in anticipation we are apparent regarding it that we

cannot wait for development in the consequences no matter what techniques may be agreed upon

in the direction of the learners’

The researcher has defined the terms on her topic:

a) Effectiveness: It is the degree where a desired result is produced successfully

b) Remedial programme: Remedial programme is an answer to a problem that has been

experimental and analyzed. A corrective programme is particularly planned to correct the

exceptionally precise problem of the student which has been known during the study. As a

result at the conclusion if the programme achieves the goal, i.e. improvement of the errors, it

is successful.

18

c) Grammatical errors: Grammatical errors are an exact kind of errors where there are troubles

with the essential arrangement of sentence formation, or series of the words in a sentence,

due to which, the message is flawed.

d) Skills: It is an aptitude and ability acquired from beginning to end in a purposeful, orderly

and constant attempt to easily and adaptively carry out complex behavior or work functions

connecting thoughts, things or community.

e) Writings: Writing is one of the productions of skills where the learner of English use this

skill as their basic look of a language when they write and the source of information would

be of students skills.

f) Errors and Mistakes: From the learners point of view it is vital to make a correct difference

between a “mistake” and an “error”. According to Brown (2000), a “mistake” refers to an

act, in that it is a failure to use a known system correctly, while an “error” is an obvious

difference from the adult who is the inhabitant presenter, reflecting the sparkly inter language

skill of the learner. This acknowledgment procedure is followed by the error explanation

process. We find out the errors and evaluate learners’ learning accurate sentences for the

language, they aim for. The differences between error and mistake can be in described as

under: Errors are result of unawareness. But mistakes are the result of anxiety. An error of a

learner has an exact outline, while mistakes do happen in outline. Errors can’t be rectified by

its doer; mistakes can be rectified by its doer.

Remedial teaching for leisurely learners:

After identifying the areas of difficulties and defeating the problems faced by the students, these

students can be identified as slow learners and an essential direction to assist them to overcome

their problems is termed as slow learners and these students need remedial teaching. In a

different way of what is thought that teachers treat students mercilessly and even go to the extent

of branding these students as minds filled with ‘saw-dust” without a serious effort towards the

child and get acquainted with the genuine grounds of their students sluggish knowledge.

Untrained teachers or teachers who have no affection for teaching thoughtlessly label these

students as `dullards’ and this unsympathetic and harsh attitude of the teacher or strict discipline

in the school and with no thoughts and devoid them of complexities and original reason meant

for sheathing the students.

Who are leisurely learners?

19

In today’s system of education, where too much of malpractice and manipulation seems to take

place these pupil have intelligence quotients between 76 and 89 and they constitute about 18

percent of the total school population. The student’s ability in the direction of contract by

resources of theoretical and representative resources, (i.e. verbal communication, figure plus

ideas are extremely incomplete in addition to their way of thinking inside sensible circumstances

within lesser in the direction of so as to regular learners and these students are crammed up in

dull ambience where teaching learning takes place. The learners have the competence on the way

to rote-learning. The pupil give you an idea about attention in learning where associations be

evidently confirmed. On the whole related individuality of unhurried learner have a

underprivileged reminiscence. On the other hand due to the lack of concentration prove that new

confirmation disclose so as to bring out the uninteresting brood know how to remember

particulars regarding their restricted the learned team at the same time with the classroom

settings. The class condition is full of disturbance and they be short of meditation of slow-learn

to underachievers. This kind of distinctive actions is linked with reduced enthusiasm. Thus this

kind of students show no interest in learning and on an average these students are known as slow

learners purely on the basis of their inability to express their ideas through language, poor

presentation in the assessment, as they also lack imagination and foresight. He faces difficulty to

foresee consequences in the future. Some dull children are very poor in scholastic achievements

in school for which, nearly for all of these reasons he deviates himself from what is taught by

inefficient teachers. As a result even talented students are sometimes are wrongly misinterpreted

as unintelligent and boring. Some children who come from sophisticated homes show good

performance because they get help encouragement from home. The children develops attitude of

resentment towards the authorities and create problems. This kind of attitude may lead to anti-

social behavior in the future. Relocate of erudition should become impossible to under

achievers.. They are short of decision in addition to widespread sense and are very distractible.

They study at a sluggish speed in addition to they countenance complicatedness in retain what

they include erudite. They have a preference real learning on the way to intangible education.

They add as of through instruction with and have to acquire the art of learning. Incidentally and

they are under achievers having a very short span of attention. Some students learn very slowly

and are not able to grasp it properly According to the new policy of the government students are

all promoted and there is no repeating the class. Emotional factors contribute a lot towards the

20

slow learning of the children. When the child comes to the school, he brings his emotional world

with him. Experiments have already established the fact that tensions and conflicts exercise a

negative effect on learning of the child. So, the tensions at home, the relationships between the

siblings and parents themselves have an adverse effect on the child, not to mention the

frustrations which he sustains from his family and from the external world. Research data

revealed that in the democratic homes, children get less frustration than the autocratic homes. So,

in a way; we can conclude that children from autocratic homes are usually slow learners. It is

found that children who lack self-confidence are usually slow-learners. Students receiving

education in aided as well as non-aided government are to be promoted to the next class

irrespective of their performance in the classroom and in schools. Now a day’s government has

introduced a new policy that learners should get credit points and promotion to next class be

purely on attendance. Experimental facts of a group of psychologists are in favor of non-

promotion of slow learners. These psychologists follow a policy that permits retention of a child

in a class .But very often; it is found that when a child is not promoted and retained in the same

class, he resorts to self punitive measures. Then, they lay emphasis on remedial instructions and

understanding. Fear of failure and disinterest are pertinent in their daily school activities.

Children have the ability to learn to read, but they should be prepared through appropriate

readiness programmes. It is advisable to wait until the child is intellectual and, psychologically

ready to accept the challenge. Necessity of careful gradation of subjects becomes a must. The

teacher faces difficulties for gradation of students and for preparing the study materials for slow

learners. It is a difficult task for the teachers, not impossible to accomplish. For developing the

feeling of self-confidence in slow learners the curriculum should include simple crafts training

programmes like weaving, rug-making, casketing etc. By having this, economic self-sufficiency

can be reached. These children also enjoy music as music releases energy and provides them a

form of expression. Schools do not provide facilities to these children and they are therefore a

creation of carelessness of school at unlike stages of learning; which demotivated their natural

capability of learning. So the helplessness of the teacher to compensate individual thought to a

learner over a inclusive phase makes him a slow learner. Talent differs from student to student as

the child development capacity to learn different subjects varies. There are a number of problems

extremely explicit to the individual due to poorly health; be deficient in nutrition and of little

attention span ; fewer skill to the topic taught in addition to parental atmosphere are some

21

underlying factors for slow learning. A talent differs as the child’s capacity to learn a different

subject as it varies from learner to learner. For example, learning of chemistry or physics may be

easy or difficult for some of the students whereas, mathematics is ability to learn and grasp.

Without proper essentials students find it very difficult for to learn mathematics and science. All

students do not do well in mathematics and science just as they have the potential of learning

these subjects. These students possess the skills of learning mathematics and science as they

have the inborn skills in them in learning. At the same time supplementary subjects be able to be

learn at any stage, it is very difficult for students to learn mathematics and science at advanced

stage of school or college and these subjects are taught with great zeal and enthusiasm. An

important aspect of remedial measures for slow learners is rich environment. The school

atmosphere should be healthy and reasonably free. Sometimes poor environmental factors

contribute lot towards the slowness. Provision should be made for a variety of approaches to the

various subjects. An urban child learns languages like English French, German, Hindi Sanskrit

and Marathi well because of their capacity they possess of learning. While a child from rural

areas cannot pick up such languages however effective the instructor tries to explain. If for a

number of causes student have not learnt the basics, it is ineffective on the way to tutor for the

child higher content. Teacher should always be sensible to start teaching from simpler topics to

complex ones and as such corrective measures takes place from easy to intricate. Remedial

teaching does not mean revising the topics again and again and subjects to be taught frequently.

Vigilant cautious study of the students' presentation in the assessment and pointing out the

mistakes of complexity are the main features in remedial teaching. The next task is to prepare the

teaching learning experiences and to identify the difficult areas and to teach the fundamentals to

students and teach them to appreciate what has been learnt. Teachers are often of the wrong

notion and often feel that what has not been learnt at the primary stage cannot be taught again at

the secondary stage as they are rushing with their portion and completing the syllabus and so

they are unable to teach the same topic at the secondary stage. Educationists as well as

psychologists have conducted many experiments to devise special methods of teaching for slow-

learners. Their result indicates that the slow learners require short and simple methods of

instruction based on concrete experiences. Verbal instruction should be limited. Educational

excursions to places of historical, geographical, scientific and cultural interest may be conducted

The use of pictures, models, charts, films and other audio-visual aids will also be profitable.

22

Love should be created as they need security assurance. Direct experiences and concrete

examples are of great help for children. Teachers should take interest in visiting homes of the

parents and advise them accordingly. An unfavorable home environment and autocratic homes

are important measures for slow learners. There should be a well planned regular evaluation of

the progress of the children in all curricular or co-curricular aspects. Records are essential for

individualized treatment. Condensed case history with assessment helps the teacher to provide

better educational treatment for slow learners. Research shows the purpose with the intention of

the prerequisites is trained, the learning process takes place and the slow learners understand and

grabs the known content matter in the class, as they contain and by now they have reached the

intellectual age. Teachers are often loaded with work. They are been given too much of external

duties where they are fagged out. Scarcity of teachers, teachers not performing their duties well

is not a true teacher. When the teacher first meets his class the matter of motivation must receive

his primary attention. The success of the teacher depends on how well he can arouse the interests

and motives of pupils. He will manipulate the classroom situation in such a way that pupils are

induced to pursue their goals vigorously and enthusiastically. This presupposes knowledge and

understanding on the part of teachers of the common needs, goals and motives of pupils and

some of the teachers as are eventfully completing the syllabus. In government run residential

schools the students are admitted in class VI1 based on a variety of tests that consists of a variety

of questions related to their intelligence and aptitude skills of the students. It had been observed

that these schools have produced excellent results over the years by introducing bridge courses in

their academic planning many students thus selected do not possess the basics which they are

supposed to learn at the primary level. Subjects like chemistry cause difficulty for students as

compared to the students learning physics. In biological sciences, students can find out the

meaning of what they see and feel and they are able to prepare beautiful working models while

preparing for their lessons. Students show interest in learning Mathematics and most of the

students face difficult situation in learning Physics. Poor presentation in physics can be first

learnt by learning the obligatory indispensable arithmetical operations. Now and then language

becomes a barricade for students to understand the huge areas in subjects like geography

environmental sciences, history, economics etc. The countless innovative vocabulary used to

explain a variety of phenomenon confuses the students. Although they have learnt English

language and to follow others subjects in an inter- corrective approach students do not find these

23

new words in English language textbooks .The teacher before going to the classroom has to plan

her lesson to make his or her teaching effective. The teacher must explain first the words that are

simple like that of phonetics and give practice to the students before giving an assignment. The

new words that are given in questions and if not taught properly, can puzzle the students and

draw out incorrect answers from the students. Students should be well versed with the variety of

questions with antonyms and synonyms, framing of correct sentences, proper use of articles all

the vocabulary used to frame a question to check the subject taught to the students. Students

study and learn a lot from their friends and peer groups. It is not fair enough for the teacher to

classify the slow learners with bright students or segregate them into separate sections and this

will have an adverse feeling on the students and it will not help the slow learners. Slow learners

can help themselves humbly in the group of brilliant students. Keeping the slow learners in the

custody of brilliant students and giving an individual concentration to them by the teacher will

allow them to defeat their difficulties. Sensible education do not get place stipulation learners be

divided from one group to another. A child is the center of teaching and learning process going

on in the classroom. The teacher should create an interest in learning and make a friendly

atmosphere where students enjoy learning. The activities carried out in the classrooms should be

student oriented and students should be encouraged by their teachers and produce curiosity in the

student and create interest and have his own possession of learning. When group debates or any

cultural activity are held in the classroom, the slow learners are more progressive. The teacher

should always be in habit in preparing lesson plans and carefully observing these children will

have a better impact on the slow learners to clutch all the lessons given at schools’.

ROLE OF REMEDIAL PROGRAMME UNDER SARVASHIKSHAN ABHI YAN

Sarva Shickshinny Abhiyan programme have put in a lot of endeavor in bringing children to

school on a regular basis and make the child to become a good national of tomorrow. For this the

teachers are given good training. Instruction and teaching learning materials have been provided

to make the school surroundings beautiful. Taking the help of parents high-quality programmes

have been conducted for the development of the school. According to the class and age of the

child, the student should learn capability to go to the next class. Most of the students without

gaining the competencies are being promoted to the next class. The child finds it hard in learning

these competencies without knowing the meaningful basic competencies. To increase the

24

teaching ability of the teacher lots of programmes and training has been given and also

administration has provided support for the betterment of the school. Free text books have been

provided to the students and extra competences based activities have been based to most of the

children who are lacking behind in studies. Government has taken measures to carry out

Remedial teaching to the students. Support forces resembling bodily make contact with, reserve

place to stay on assembly echelon, out of the regular utensils like appraisal substance, unusual

enlightening strategies be prearranged en route for the learners.. Remedial Teaching, curriculum

publication otherwise be customized lessons strategies might exist given, if the teachers are

desirous to take an active part in the teaching/learning programme. The Sarva Shikshan Abhiyan

(SSA) has launched a remedial teaching programme to help children who have reading, writing

and comprehension difficulties. Remedial Teaching Programme under The Sarva Shikshan

Abhiyan (SSA) covers the following: Provisions of remedial teaching has been made to improve

learning stage in children having short attendance and low achievement level in

mathematics/Science/ English. A provision has been made for part time teacher to teach the

lower level students having difficulties in learning for three to six months. Government has set

up Remedial teaching programme and are running in 1109 upper primary schools all over in

Mumbai.

How effective is the remedial program?

The outcomes of the effectiveness of remedial courses text provides inadequate facts on outputs

such as perseverance to under graduates, excellence of presentation in succeeding courses, and

rating point and the problems arises whether successful achievement of a remedial course

guarantees the achievement of the students in schools and colleges. Many researchers have

asserted that researches carried out on the effectiveness of correcting the education teaching has

been irregular, that an organizations does not have enough money to spend to function the

counteractive programme as it is full of loopholes in addition to it, it has a severe realistic

teaching methods. Regression discontinuity design is used to assess remedial effectiveness and a

lot of efforts have been put in use thorough research designs for the effectiveness of remedial

measures. A number of researchers found out that students who have completed remedial

assignments and are prepared achieved better scholastic success than the students who didn't

complete remedial coursework and who were underprepared and started going to college were

academically they were not prepared. It is felt that the students who had enrolled themselves for

25

remedial teaching has fruitfully completed the remedial courses or they have left it incomplete

and the techniques used for measuring the effectiveness for the growth of the child were

successfully carried out.

These conclusion statement chains McCabe’s report with the purpose of welfare of the students

who perform well in their normal college work have successfully accomplished their task.

Psychologies Peter Adams and Katie Herm has revealed so as to smooth learning to the students

and often drop out of school that have successfully completed a developmental course before

entering praise programs. Sadly, this evaluation does not take into explanation the "break out"

that frequently occurs from the start of a developmental plan to its conclusion. Since the

investigator is teaching English subject found out that majority of students learning English are

not up to the standard. The main ambition of the researcher is to inspire and promote interest at

the level of low-motivated students and to smooth the progress of college students learning

English. These all students need remedial course and many of them are slow learners. The

students cannot identify the vocabulary and are weak in writing correct formation of sentences.

To put curb for future learners the researcher in her thesis intends discovering the effectiveness

of remedial programme and improving the disabilities. The researcher gave precise English

phonics and communicated with students and teachers to understand the state of affairs. During

the episode the students exercised audio-lingual method, students were taken to English language

laboratory, outgoing language, adopted teaching skills: playing games, listening to stories,

listening to music and singing songs, cam method of teaching English, role play, imaginative and

original thinking and conversation.

However there are students who have still failed in learning as they have studied in crammed up

classrooms. For this reason the students have not grasp the curriculum and student’s

acquaintance to knowledge are slow and are countless. One of the major reasons these days is the

new policy of ‘No detention system up to standard eight’ and under ‘right to education for all’

the students studying at the primary level i.e. from standard one to class eight i.e. secondary

section. Students are promoted to higher classes on the base of presence, even if they have low

grades. Schools than set up a additional English program after regular school hours which we

called it as remedial teaching. The consequences showed that remedial program was noticeably

effective in supporting students in improving their English abilities. How remedial program

worked for the underachieving students is explained in detail by the researcher?

26

How effective are the guidelines to Remedial Program?

In today’s competitive world the learners have right to use first-class teaching, intended to help

them to meet up with their high prospects. Teachers should make use of strategies acknowledged

them towards being efficient with English learners. The innovative methods used for

effectiveness of remedial programme is by picturising of what they already know, teaching them

to utilize those concepts that are of use and by giving them the opportunities to evaluate

whatever they have learnt in their previous class. Concepts that join the set of courses across the

topic areas in the organization of themes that links up the syllabus of the subject and provides

individual supervision, backing, and support to fill in the place in environmental information.

Students studying in good ambience are optimistic and are free from learning troubles and these

students can accommodate individual differences if they persist, despite the fact that, still in the

optimistic surroundings,, a number of student still practice some kind of difficulties and are not

comfortable in learning. Designed intended for the students, early involvement techniques have

to be implemented because of quick learning troubles. In the near beginning hours involvement

resources so as to "additional instructional services are provided early in students' training, in

addition to that they are commanding adequate to fetch endanger on the way to students to a

point at which they had become skilled at from first-class instructions. The main intention of

early involvement is to create better academic performance and to lessen unsuitable special

education referrals for all-purpose education support systems for under pressure learners. E.g.

early interference include experimental teaching where students carry out some small

experiments with peers and special discussions with teacher and their assistance teams, and

alternative activities that suggest classroom teaching or corrective ideas within the circumstance

of all-purpose learning.

Factors Affecting the Teaching of English:

Students faced difficulties in English due to many factors and it affects them in the teaching and

learning process. They faced these problems in learning because they have not learnt English in

their early years of schooling and for some of them English was not the medium of learning and

the usage of English vocabulary are not used in the higher education courses. It is important that

surroundings and family setting play very important role in achievement of learning process. In

case of, places anywhere in rural areas, most parts where the population has settled are not well

learned and cultured, so these students are of meek nature and their environment within

27

schooling is underdeveloped. Furthermore, the financial status of the group of people residing

may perhaps not be sufficiently stable and there is no encouragement and motivation given to

their offspring’s and their guardians of these offerings’ are not interested in giving luxury of

education. Some parents believe that and in some cases, parents feel education is sheer waste of

time and they are keen to put together their broods in labor work where they can make money to

support the family. The motive of these parents has to be changed since it is the touching issue

of learning. The unhealthy environment, poor communications, the school organization

buildings, teaching methods, infrastructure of the classroom, laboratory, etc. are sufficiently not

bright and airy. In Mumbai and other parts of the city the art of teaching any other problems

related to education can disturb the learning of the student in gaining knowledge.

What Remedial Measures can be used for effectiveness? The teacher of English can do an

amazing job in order to manage with the issues. Some of the extremely vital factors as well as

issues of teaching can be found out intentionally or unintentionally connected to the teacher in

the art of teaching English. Logical Study: Diagnosis is equally important in teaching field not

necessarily it is only significant in medical profession when particularly the aimed group is not at

home in the area of learning. Clearly, every thoughtful and a true teacher would always like to do

an honest and sincere for task for his students, from where he can achieve his goal. Suitable

study in the field of medicine as well as in educational field is vital. A proper diagnosis is a must

in all fields. Just as the doctor identifies the disease of the patient in a similar way teacher

diagnosis the child’s behavior and what cure has to be given to this child, he has to identify him

for his treatment. As a result, a successful teacher’s intention will be to give the best to his

students rather than simply testing him. Students in current situation would opt for new and

complicated software or theoretical techniques that are the needs to today’s teachings and the

student will create interest in this advance system of learning and teacher will find out the exact

cause where the student has difficulty in learning and with old and outdated techniques they

perhaps can’t achieve the objective. The subsequent step that an instructor can acquire is the

development of convinced strategies on the basis of the opinion that the teacher gives his or her

students, and it will also make sure the efficiency of the treatment by the teacher is a good cure

to his students. Learning of English language is supposed to be given earlier to the earlier point

of time of learning. As the researcher has found out that most of the schools do not possess

language laboratory. The investigator has a strong feeling that all the schools must have a

28

language laboratory duly set with sophisticated headphones, with innovative glass cabins with

the speaker phone with new modern technologies, separate rooms for the teacher and a separate

room for the learner. Nowadays children are taught on computers. They have to prepare project

work, write down articles on famous personalities. Computer assisted language learning is not an

exact language skills for learning but it must be looked upon only as an aid to the mastery of

learning a language. The new teaching can inspire the achievers as they may get pleasure from

action. In addition to this can be supplementary gain if this kind of teaching is spontaneous with

stylish instruments with skills and by following the use of the Principles of English laboratory.

The students may join the summer courses in his surroundings where there are many centers

organizing crash courses for a short period through the mid-term vacations who are in need of

remedial teaching . Another imperative crises related to teaching of the students are the issues

related to the teachers. Teachers are supposed and have to be updated with new and innovative

ideas and be with equipped current issues and be they should always appreciate and welcome the

new ways of teaching. Professional development and Training is the most significant issue for

the educators of the nation in the educational setting. If the teachers loves his profession then he

has to dedicate himself to education and it is his accountability to anew the requirements of

education and be up to date in his capacities so that he is useful to the society and use his

acquaintance to the surroundings should be for all round growth of the child. A teacher has to

justify himself in all walks of life. He has consider himself as a true teacher and present

educational papers, go for special trainings that are painstaking rather than to use conventional

teaching, that is essential this rapid varying culture. Therefore, to make his teaching effective a

teacher must bring best of teaching materials, up to date his knowledge with contemporary and

stylish views on teaching; he ought to attend in use instructions programmes or expertise himself

in expansion growth. A teacher of English is esteemed if they are explorer of learning, but

sarcastically talking, most teachers in India are without prejudice in taking part in such a

program as taking part in any kind of training program is an educational humiliation. A number

of educators are made good teachers by their abilities, amicable behavior, by preparing their

lessons, accepting the students as their own and by making the teaching and learning process an

effective one and by preparing good and attractive teaching aids. They mistakenly forget that

each teacher born is not an ordinary educator. Specialized in the field of education the teachers

always feels that the development in the field of education is always wanted for every teacher

29

even if he is exceedingly well-informed, skilled and trained teacher. Educating oneself in the

subject of his interest is the mainly significant in enlightening background. The teacher after all

is accountability to anew the knowledge and to keep informed about on current affairs and to be

at his best potential that provides him with the development in the society, and the use of

modern and innovative techniques of teaching in an educational environment. A teacher has to

attend trainings courses, seminars, orientation programmes, in-service programme organized by

various organizations which are measured reasonably indispensable in our rapid altering society

and the teacher has done all the above requirements than he has justified his job. Therefore, in

order to update his subject he has to make use of modern and sophisticated techniques and needs

to perform all the duties of a good teacher by attending in-service training or specialized

advancement programs. It is the need of an hour that the teachers of English should organize

research orientation searches where the teacher is able to find out the gifted and the slow learners

who needs remedial course. Teachers of today are least bordered about the students and it is

really sad that most teachers in India are disinterested in any such program as they are involved

in giving tuitions and adding a supplementary income to them because the teacher are paid

poorly. They think that this is wastage of time and energy on these special students and show no

interest in participating in any kind of specialized preparation curriculum. Schools appoint under

qualified teachers who are not capable of doing any kind of teaching job. They play with the life

of these underprivileged children who are at no fault of their own. The government of India has

made it compulsory that these students also be included with normal children. Specialized in the

field of education especially in education of slow learners the teachers should always be prepared

to take a job of a teacher as a challenge and train these children so that they can come up to the

level of learning.

Dilemma of Students: An investigation

Students are not exposed to the four skills of learning English language. Listening /

reading/speaking and writing. These students are in no actions in their everyday life. They do not

communicate not at home other than their mother-tongue; they even do not speak the language at

school, university and colleges where they studied. A problem arises when students meet other

students face to face during the course of information who learn English language. By good

quality of their individual hard work a number of children attain significantly high-quality of

confidence in speaking English. Such situation boosts the valor and amazing act of the growth

30

of the pupil. However there are student who are shy and do not come forward to express their

feelings than such students unhappily hide themselves in other activity and they become passive

learners and show interest in the hidden skills that is where they need not open their mouth for

speaking. The study carried out and concludes that most students usually fumble in their

speaking skills and their words are not clear and are unable to recognize words, sentences and

are in no position to write the sentences correctly. Many researchers have been conducted on

remedial teaching and the findings shows that most students enrolled in English learning classes

have been deprived from words of mouth communication skill, and they are more often not to

give disagreeable vocal errors and most of the time they are neglected. This study further reveals

that most English instructors and higher educational officers criticize and are concerned in the

unvarying deteriorating of English language among the students a and are losing their mastery

over the language. To add to more trouble verbal communication faces troubles for the teachers

teaching English because to do something with different kinds of sounds like phonics word that

comes in language matter, with their native language. No two of the languages can be spoken at

one time, if spoken at the right time it can minimize the spoken mistakes. The blueprint of local

sentence formation broadly varies as of that English language. Language teaching is an art. Like

all other arts it means continued ‘practice and drill’. Singing, dancing, jumping and swimming

learning of language also needs good deal of steady practice. The language skills are acquired

through activity with language under proper guidance of the teacher. The steps taken by the

teacher in the class should be followed by the child. Practice activates involving feelings and

willingness. Language is a part of one’s personality. Without hesitation, paraphrase may give out

the reason of learning a language but requires a lot of time and continuity to practice.

Furthermore, each expression of the native language cannot be interpreted. Obviously,

conversion sounds are inconsistent. Learning difficulties appears when similar looking words

sound the same as the words like sale and sail. Students write what they pronounce Shut and

Chop sounds missing in English expression. Research has established that if students with

learning disabilities are mentally ready and meet other established criteria for a specific domain

(e.g., a minimum reading grade equivalent to basic writing skills) and if the instruction is sound

and delivered well, then they usually can acquire strategies without much difficulty. Language is

primarily observed as speech. Speech is the fundamental thing in language learning: reading and

writing are secondary. There are many languages in the world which exist only on the tongues of

31

the people and do not have any written symbols. The teaching of language should start with the

teaching of speech rather that of reading. If sufficient oral work is done with the pupils,

especially at the early stage, it will lead to a great improvement in their attainment of the

language. There are many language areas that cover words and aspects of the skills in learning of

a language which the aim language learner face difficulties inspire of the extensive knowledge an

English teacher has and various tests aptitude test, standard test, simple attainment test etc can be

given to them to achieve their goal. Some of the students do not pronounce the words properly

their accent of the language is differs from the actual pronunciations. Intonation system is the

leading characteristic of the speech, the pitch of our voice keeps on rising and falling. The

difference in the pitch creates difference in meaning. Some parts of our sentences are spoken at a

high level pitch while others are spoken at a low level pitch. This rise and fall of pitch is known

as intonation. Phonetics means the study and science of speech sounds, their production, and the

signs used to represent them. Knowledge of phonetics of English is indispensable for anyone

who wants to acquire a correct pronunciation of the language. Consonants are sounds in the

production of which there is an obstruction of the air passage. In order to enhance the listening

abilities in our students, a teacher must focus on developing listening competencies amongst the

students. This includes ensuring that the students have:

1) Knowledge of certain sounds which are particular to English. A student’s ability to

understand what is being spoken is severely impaired if the child is not exposed to the

phonetics scheme of the English language. In some cases this becomes even more difficult if

that particular sound does not exist in the child’s mother tongue. e.g. The sound th as in think

does not exist in French or s as in sea does not exist in Bengali, or h as in hat does not exist

in Tamil. Non exposure to such sounds will affect the understanding of what is being spoken.

2) Knowledge of allophones: It is peculiar to each language and a student’s understanding of

this will help him to understand the difference between the meaning of words such as fit and

feet or ship and sheep.

3) Knowledge of stress and intonation patterns of the English Language: Once a student has

mastered the vocabulary and the grammar, he must have knowledge of stress on the correct

syllable, proper intonation, pauses etc. An exposure to this is very essential in developing

proper listening skills.

32

4) Knowledge of homonyms: The students have to be familiar with these words and the context

to be able to listen well. The teacher of English has to have command and must be able to

explain to students with proper stress and intonation sound. Homonyms words are same

sound but different meaning as air and heir, symmetry and cemetery, meet and meat.

Homographs are words with same spellings and/or sound but the meaning is different such as

the difference between ‘take a bow’ and ‘to tie a bow ‘or ‘the bear growled and ‘you have to

bear this ‘the students has to be familiar with these words and context to be able to listen

well. Schools at Mumbai lay a great stress on teaching of grammar. It is true that you learn

grammar you have learnt a language. Being an English teacher some of the schools teacher

themselves don’t know English grammar and are unable to teach the class. As a reason these

students have not gained anything and they face learning disability.

The teacher of English needs to take special care with the following when dealing with the

students:

Contrast with the mother tongue: Difficulties in learning to pronounce the sound of a second

language are associated with the contrast between the sound system of the native language and

the language to be learnt. This has to identify such sounds and attempt to correct these.

Strong/weak forms of structural words- depending on emphasis desired. e.g. Strong Form

‘him’, Weak form ‘im’ ‘I want him’-strong form, ’ai want im’-weak form.

Word Stress/Sentence Stress: Sentences stress means functional stress on content words or

significant structural words;

Basic Intonation Patterns: Usually when an important word or phrase occurs, the pitch

changes. This also sets the tone for the meaning behind the words.

Practice in oral reading: Practice in oral reading and dialogues help to bring confidence into

the child and are very helpful for improving pronunciation. This practice will lessen the

hesitation in speaking on the part of students. For proper coverage the teacher of English should

consult some good dictionary in English pronunciation and students make it a habit of doing the

same.

Guiding principles for with learning disabilities:

Patience is the keyword in guiding the growth experiences of children having learning

disabilities. Guidance of such students at the secondary stage is more complex because of

specialization. Unless classroom teachers understand the philosophy and meaning of guidance,

33

they cannot teach and guide these children adequately. The schools and colleges must appoint

counselors and guidance workers to guide students with learning difficulties. Since in India it is

compulsory for the schools to admit theses students certain principles should be followed that

conducive to the guidance of such children. Schools should also have teachers trained with

special education so that they can give maximum of their time and also their interest should be

discovered. Ample time should be given to them to express themselves.

Special classes for slow-learning students should be organized. However; partial segregation is

preferable to total segregation. It is stated, “The children should be included in the total school

set-up, regularly participating in assembly programmes, organized play and other activities that

can be enjoyed by all the students”. Assignments given to students should be broken up into

short and simple units. Sufficient drill work should be done. Slow-learners with disabilities

should be praised occasionally when they have done their assignments well. Good set of tools

should be provided and supervision should be very close. The teacher teaching should also have

the art of teaching and have the capacity to use teaching aids as they are very useful for them.

Teaching aids like auditory and visual aids facilitates their learning. Opportunities for expression

of creativeness with their hands for slow-learning children should be provided. Diagnostic tests

should be employed in working with disabled children. Courses and curricula should be selected

by the students with the help of their counselors on the basis of aptitude, interest and need.

Vocational programmes should not be forced upon students having disability. Such students do

not always have the necessary aptitude to acquire vocational skills. The whole programme of

recreational activities, athletics, music, art, dramatics etc. should is opened to all on an equal

basis. All these programmes will give an advantage to the slow-learners as they are all

instrumentalities of their education. If they can find educational outcomes in the way of

developing traits, attitudes, purposes and satisfaction that will give them a sense of integrated

personality. Remedial teachers who meet such students twice or four times a week may be

appointed. Such students should get co-operation from all agencies and should be engaged in the

student’s welfare work.

Responsibility of remedial programme: have put in a lot of endeavor in bringing children to

school on a regular basis and make the child to become a good national of tomorrow. For this the

teachers are given good training. Instruction and teaching learning materials have been provided

to make the school surroundings beautiful. Taking the help of parents high-quality programmes

34

have been conducted for the development of the school. According to the class and age of the

child, the student should learn capability to go to the next class. Most of the students without

gaining the competencies are being promoted to the next class. The child finds it hard in learning

these competencies without knowing the meaningful basic competencies. To increase the

teaching ability of the teacher lots of programmes and training has been given and also

administration has provided support for the betterment of the school. Free text books have been

provided to the students and extra competences based activities have been based to most of the

children who are lacking behind in studies. Government has taken measures to carry out

Remedial teaching to the students. Prop up services like physical contact, resource rooms at

group level, special equipment like reading material, special educational techniques are given to

the students. Remedial Teaching, curricular edition or modified teaching strategies could be

provided if the teachers are desirous to take an active part in the teaching/learning programme.

The responsibility of the teacher has launched a remedial teaching programme to help children

who have reading, writing and comprehension difficulties. Remedial Teaching Programme under

The responsibility of teacher’s that covers the following: Provisions of remedial teaching has

been made to improve learning stage in children having short attendance and low achievement

level in mathematics/Science/ English. A provision has been made for part time teacher to teach

the lower level students having difficulties in learning for three to six months. Government has

set up Remedial teaching programme and are running in 1109 upper primary schools all over in

Mumbai.

NEED OF THE RESEARCH:

As an English Language teacher, teaching is a new tendency; that researches have been

conducted in this field in India. But no such type of survey has been conducted in finding out

teachers' and students learning difficulties while teaching English, to the varied groups. For this

reason, the researcher has decided to study the problems of the teachers and the students by

conducting survey. The researcher is a teacher educator and basically interested in the field of

teaching and working in the same field and research work. Naturally, the researcher has to teach

English language and methodology of the same subject i.e. English. The researcher is always in

contact with the students, teachers, administrators and the people studying English Language as

well as the persons working in this field. The researcher discussed the difficulties faced by these

people in teaching of English and realized the main problems of language teaching as a result the

35

researcher decided to work upon them in detail. As, outgoing language teaching is a newly

emerged tendency in teaching English, the teachers of English, face many problems while

teaching English. Before adopting this approach, English was taught by using structural approach

and now our focus is to teach English by outgoing approach. So, the teachers face problems

while teaching English in the classroom. Therefore the researcher found it necessary to locate the

problems faced by the teachers of English language. The researcher has observed that the

teachers have many problems regarding teaching methodology, classroom management,

implementing open activities, pre-service and in-service training. The researcher also noticed

that the teachers find themselves very inconvenient to cope-up with this transit period of shifting

from one dimension to the other. Due to this, they also have not developed pioneering and wide

outlook towards the new approach. Therefore, they face difficulties in their day-to-day teaching.

Therefore, the researcher found it necessary to study seriously concerning their precise troubles.

As a teacher educator, the researcher has to train her student teachers to teach English by an open

approach. For this she has to consider the problems faced by the teachers of English. Hence, the

researcher has selected this problem for the study. Therefore, they face difficulties in their day-

to-day teaching. No study on remedial teaching of students has been attempted recently after the

advent of ‘No Detention Policy’ which has further assaulted the crumbling of remedial teaching

of the students. To categorize and to resolve the difficulty from the beginning to base, a

widespread corrective teaching must be indicated..The researcher feels that there should be a

change in educational pattern and would like to propose the educationalist to improve the current

educational system prevailing in our society and to reduce the related problems of education and

to encourage quality o f education. Much of the teachers teaching in schools and colleges are

untrained for teaching position and are working with meager salary. They use wrong methods of

teaching and avoid students who need special education as remedial teaching and under who care

the child should be there. Therefore the government should make Bachelor of education (B.Ed)

compulsory for all the teachers teaching in educational institutions and they are aware of news

methods of teaching and the art of teaching levels. The current system of education will be useful

from the following observations: Once the teachers are qualified and trained for teaching,

training will help the teachers to recognize the troubles whilst teaching English, where the

problem arises and in a similar she can switch over the style of teaching. After doing the

thorough investigation the researcher will personally help the teachers to overcome the problems

36

faced by them while teaching English and this work piece motivate and it will serve as a

principle for teacher educators in pre-service training course. Further this study will support the

educationalists for arranging in service programmes for working teachers and orientation

programmes for working teachers. It will help the educators to find out the drawbacks of non

availability of teaching materials. The research will be useful for successful classroom

instruction with the help of remedial programme in directing the students to learn and remove

language disability with the efforts of teachers where they are lacking errors...and the

schoolwork will lead them to make suggestions wherever necessary.

Necessary of the research:

As an English Language teacher, teaching is a new propensity; that researches have been

conducted in this field in India. But no such type of survey has been conducted in finding out

teachers' and students learning difficulties while teaching English, to the varied groups. For this

reason, the researcher has decided to study the problems of the teachers and the students by

conducting survey. The researcher is a teacher educator and basically interested in the field of

teaching and working in the same field and research work. Naturally, the researcher has to teach

English language and methodology of the same subject i.e. English. The researcher is always in

contact with the students, teachers, administrators and the people studying English Language as

well as the persons working in this field. The researcher discussed the difficulties faced by these

people in teaching of English and realized the main problems of language teaching as a result the

researcher decided to work upon them in detail. As, outgoing language teaching is a newly

emerged tendency in teaching English, the teachers of English, face many problems while

teaching English. Before adopting this approach, English was taught by using structural approach

and now our focus is to teach English by outgoing approach. So, the teachers face problems

while teaching English in the classroom. Therefore the researcher found it necessary to locate the

problems faced by the teachers of English language. The researcher has observed that the

teachers have many problems regarding teaching methodology, classroom management,

implementing open activities, pre-service and in-service training. The researcher also noticed

that the teachers find themselves very inconvenient to cope-up with this transit period of shifting

from one dimension to the other. Due to this, they also have not developed pioneering and wide

outlook towards the new approach. Therefore, they face difficulties in their day-to-day teaching.

Therefore, the researcher found it necessary to study seriously concerning their precise troubles.

37

As a teacher educator, the researcher has to train her student teachers to teach English by an open

approach. For this she has to consider the problems faced by the teachers of English. Hence, the

researcher has selected this problem for the study. Therefore, they face difficulties in their day-

to-day teaching. No study on remedial teaching of students has been attempted recently after the

advent of ‘No Detention Policy’ which has further assaulted the crumbling of remedial teaching

of the students. Inside to regulate and to make clear the difficulty on or after base, a wide-

ranging counteractive teaching to accurate mistakes has to be carried out.

Statement of the Problem: A study of effectiveness of remedial programme for improving disability and achievement in English method

OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

The following objectives are framed in this research

• To give supplementary help to pupil who, for one reason or another have fallen behind.

• To understand methodically the strengths and weaknesses of the pupil.

• To help pupil who has fallen behind to learn and to bring them back into normal classes as

far as possible.

• To design individualized educational programme with intensive remedial support.

• To help pupils consolidate their essential knowledge in different subjects.

• To improve the effectiveness of learning.

Hypothesis

H0-The disability is not improvable with the help of extra English teaching classes, support

materials, one to one interaction, back-up, motivation etc.

H1-The disability is improvable with the help of extra English teaching classes, support

materials, one to one interaction, back-up, motivation etc.

LIMITATIONS of the Study

Limitations of the present study are as follows –

a. The research was limited to Mumbai only.

b. The study was related to Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) colleges only.

c. The study was related to English medium colleges only

Justification of the Present study

The review of the various studies discussed in the processing pages brings forth a few important

points-

38

1) There are a few studies that have a direct bearing on the present study.

2) None of the students focus on a particular. Some studies done either of some classes clubbed

together like standards V to VIII. Others are of high school children, adolescent children etc.

but non at degree level.

3) Few studies are of a particular age group namely, 12-15 but none above 17-21.

4) Many of the studies done in remedial teaching is done in Marathi.

5) Majority of the studies of remedial teaching have been done in-between the years 1950-

1970’s, few are of recent times.

6) Many studies have been done at Nagpur University. One was done at Kolkata and one in

Rajasthan.

Thus the present study is unique and relevant. The study is significant and justified.

Conclusion: If school environment is not healthy and there is no concerned for students and the

teachers are not sympathetic towards the students and if teaching is not adapted to meet the needs

of current competitions ethnically as well as linguistically for wide-ranging learners in extensive

teaching system, where the students encompass a very modest possibility by subsequently in

learning. There are students who do not involve themselves in learning for various reasons and

are having difficulties in learning at school. Ordinary teachers who are interested in remedial

work might be relieved of some of their normal duties, or have their workload lightened to

enable them to organize small remedial groups in school during school hours. Remedial groups

could be set up immediately after school hours, two or three days a week, with subject

specialized in charge of the groups. Schools should organize remedial groups, and give

assistance in the diagnosis of learning difficulties. Training colleges should organize in-service

programmes for teachers interested in undertaking remedial work. Departments of extension

services could contribute their services for the same. Through Parent-Teacher-Associations,

efforts should be made to inform parents and enlist their help in instituting Guidance Centers and

in helping students at home. Teacher can also be present at trainings courses conducted by state

education department, seminars which are considered quite necessary in this fast changing

society. Therefore, in order to update the teacher’s knowledge she has to put in painstaking

efforts. It is always esteemed if the teachers are research explorer as learning as learning is the

life-long process and to say sarcastically, most Indian teachers are without prejudice in any such

program. The teachers feel it is an educational humiliation to take part in any training program.

39

In a sense, there is no such thing as remedial education, there is only education, or perhaps,

sound education. It is concerned with individualization of education, that is, with making

education need-centered in terms of the individual child. A number of educators are made good

teachers by their abilities, amicable behavior to the students and their colleagues, by preparing

their lessons, accepting the students as their own and by making the teaching and learning

process an effective one. Education plays a very important role everywhere education produces

the learned citizen to the country and it also plays the majority significant fraction inside the

existence of the human being life and society at large. It is the teacher’s accountability to anew

his knowledge and updates his knowledge to his potential that provides him with the

development of the society and use of technology in general and educational environment in

particular. A teacher has to attend trainings courses, seminars, orientation programmes, in-

service programme organize by various organizations which are considered quite essential in this

fast changing society and the teacher is satisfied with what she/he has done to his job.

Specialized in the field of education the teachers always feels that the development is always

needed for every teacher even if he is exceedingly well-informed, skilled and trained teacher.

Lastly identifying the interactional pattern and emotional tone of his pupil the teacher should

provide them a healthy democratic leadership. The teacher should also not emphasize to the

subject matter, but to pupil-pupil relationship. In this area of interaction, the teacher should be

democratic leader, and not authoritarian or laissez-faire leader. In helping the backward child

with his problems, we are simply extending the approach to its logical conclusion. To achieve

our goal it is clear from the results of post questionnaire that the disability is improvable with the

help of extra English teaching classes, support materials, one to one interaction, back-up,

motivation etc. Remedial education is one of the most cost-effective interference where the child

learns. An effectual scholar approaches knowledge with a optimistic undo intelligence. The child

also learns and attends frequently and comes on moment in time. Pays concentration and brings,

manages learning resources about, and develops and uses the skills time after time also pays

attention during teaching and contributes suitably. The child learns and applies content

knowledge and skills as they are taught. When the learner is curious or confused raises questions

and makes an effort to think clearly and critically and the learner completes assignments

correctly and on time. The learner conducts self with politeness and he shows admiration for

personality, teachers, administrators and peers.

40

Associations are usually involved in loving and caring and who are receiving good learning

experience. Thus it is essential that all the teachers who are dealing with children must

understand the effects, precautions and the role.

The investigator feels that reading habits of the students are rapidly deteriorating. “There is no

doubt that there has been a decline in the reading habits of our students.” says Mrs. Freny

Panthaky, English teacher of standard X IX in Hindi Vidya Bhavan. “Earlier students were more

interested in reading, but today TV has lured them away. Says Mrs. Pathanky”. Students are

unaware of the vast and rich literary heritage of our country and the world.” Classic are out

“ssays Mrs. Pathaky. There are students, even today who read classic of literature, but they are

isolated cases, Majority of the students, are just not interested.” This view is reinforced by Mrs.

Madhumita Sen, Librarian of St. Anne’s School. “Students do not like to read classics. They

prefer light reading”. She attributes to lack of time as “Students are too busy with studies and

coaching classes.”The investigator feels that the students are lured by TV, video games and other

such pursuits rather than intellectual ones. According to sister Zelia who is the Principal of St.

Anne High School. “TV plays a major role in the decline of the reading habits of our school.”

This can be corrected by parents who “can inculcate the love of reading in their children. The

role of television In the deterioration reading habits is a major one according to Sr. Edel,

Principal of Fort Convent School, “Books requires concentration and time which the students are

not willing to give. Our present syllabus of students also is to blame as it does not lend itself to

reading and research”. The investigator wants to offer some suggestions on the

improvement of reading habits after making the necessary observations. Based on all

this the need of the study is immense and the investigator attempts to show the

corrosion of reading habits of our students according to Mrs. Mansukhany Principal,

The Scholar High School “There is no bigger culprit than the TV. It has lured the

students away from books. However according to Mrs. Charlie, Librarian, Fort Convent

School, “It is not reading that has declined but there has been shift in what students like

to read. Earlier students liked to read classics and Education had a thirst for books. Now

they like racy bestseller with some elements of romance and sex. We must accept that

this is what appeals to the modern generation. The remedial teacher is in a essential place in

the direction to teach the learner in addition to the concerning the love and affection that child

needs. This includes teaching complex information to the patient, so that it is understood,

41

discussed and accepted. The caregivers and patient should be well informed about each drug, be

well educated about the expected benefits and potential risks, and know what to do and whom to

contact if there is a question or problem. Medication education is the key to successful in

addition to secure employ of antipsychotic drugs. Relatives are usually involved in caring for the

patients who are receiving antipsychotic drugs. Thus it is essential that all caregivers understand

the medication, side effects, precautions and the caregiver’s role. Investigators have proved that

educating caregivers on the importance of compliance to antipsychotic drugs, side effects and

their role in caring for mentally ill patients can reduce relapse.

However, when we think the dictionary, English shows its factual difficulty in the prosperity of

natural words, phrasal verbs, and newly-coined terminology which let a narrator to utter infinite

nuances of meaning. English possesses a vast and ever-changing lexicon that requires even a

native speaker to continually update his or her mind dictionary. It is this rich and multicolored

lexicon which is the true bane of the language learner. But let us say that, at a basic or ‘survival’

level, English can be acquired within a reasonably short time, depending, naturally, on several

variables, such as the individual disposition towards acquisition, the amount of time available for

study, the learner’s stimulus and other psychological, cognitive and social factors.

Can the success of English on a global level be attributed exclusively to this deceptive

simplicity? Can we assume that there is no easier language among the 6000 or so living

languages that populate our planet? I think not.

Motivation to the learners:

Just as we be familiar with the political and financial factors that have brought English to centre

stage, we must also acknowledge that the flexibility of contemporary English and its presence in

explode culture (music, cinema, advertising, the media) has contributed to its fascination for

masses of young people around the world. English words and neologisms have invaded most

languages of the planet. Is there anyone who doesn’t know the words “hamburger” or But even

while I admit this state of affairs, I am not of necessity giving it my backing. Having careful

some of the reasons for which English has stolen the spotlight over the history century, let us

now consider the linguistic standard which are being set. There is an ongoing debate over the

various national varieties of English that are being taught, learned and spoken around the globe,

in particular Indian English spoken by some of the emerging African nations, but also the

American black vernacular spoken within the United States’. Some purists might claim that these

42

are not “standard” varieties of English in that they do not respect all the basic grammatical

“rules” of the language. Some of these national or regional varieties also present lexical items

which are not known or used in the Standard English of Great Britain or the United States Often

the pronunciation of these varieties is decidedly distant from British Received Pronunciation that

was, until the second half of the 20th century, considered the most prestigious standard of speech

in the pronunciation taught in public schools and . It is estimated that there are as many as 380

million native speakers of English (living principally in the as well as up to 500 million speakers

of English as a second language in Singapore, India and many more than fifty other territories

where English is used in the country’s institutions. Finally, the ever-extending circle of English

involves between 500-1000 million people in nations such as China, Japan, Russia, that are

increasingly concentrating their foreign language study on English. It is immediately evident

that, on a global basis, non-native speakers of English now outnumber native speakers. But are

they all speakers of English?

Learning changes behavior and so does maturation. Thus sometimes it becomes complicated to

say absolutely as to which of maturation. Custom group, accidental acts, reflexes and nature and

unexpected look of emotion, but in most of the behavior of human beings it is firm to decide

whether these activities result from maturation or learning. In fact, these activities expand due to

both learning and maturation. Take the example of learning language. It is true, of course, that a

child is manifestly incapable of learning language until he reaches a certain stage or age in

maturation, but it is also equally true that he does not learn the language just because he attains

that stage. The language is trained to him.

A trial on wins indicates the amount of the changes in behavior caused by maturation and the

extent to which changes may be affected by learning. The purpose of the experiment was to

measure the extent of advantage of learning in such activities as climbing stairs. Two twins were

chosen for the experiment because due to similarity in heredity, the speed of maturation is the

same and any changes which may occur may be attributed to climb the stairs from forty sixth

weeks. On examination this ‘T’ failed to climb at all at the age of 46 weeks and had to be aided

up all the 5 stairs. In the space of four weeks she climbed all the stairs in 26 seconds. An

experiment on co-twins indicates the extent of changes in behavior caused by maturation and the

extent to which changes may be affected by learning. According to the modern concept of

education, the teacher, should aim at the complete development of the child. This requires that

43

the teacher should have some definite knowledge of education. The contemporary teacher is

motivated by a desire and is motivated by efforts. Without knowledge the student is not in a

position to understand the child and to help it tide over the initial difficulties in education. The

contemporary teacher is aggravated by a wish to make his instruction more unsophisticated,

good-looking and attractive. To attain these ends, he should be able to understand the psychology

that informs the teacher of the psychology of students and many other interestingly allied

subjects.

In this way, the teacher can solve their teaching problems only with the help of educational

psychology. It is clear that psychology, and in particular educational psychology, can help to

institute improvements in the modes of teaching. Before an individual can successfully achieve

something, he should be aware of his ability or incapacity for doing it in the absence of such and

understanding many people choose the wrong profession and continue to irritation there for the

failures. Therefore, if an individual chooses to become a victorious teacher, he should first

review himself and awareness can be gained with the help of educational psychology, since it

acquaints the teacher.

Use of thesaurus and phrase book for the learners:

Skill of orientation needs to be urbanized to make students sovereign learners.

A) Give the students a list of untried vocabulary from the transcript. Ask them to pass on a

lexicon and write down the meanings of the word. Talk about the meanings of the new words.

The students will also find out that one word can have more than a few meanings and they have

to make a decision which meaning is appropriate in the known manuscript.

b) The teacher gives the class a catalog of vocabulary and their meanings disorderly up. The students consult the vocabulary and match the words with their definitions.

C) In a listening movement the teacher says out a word. The students write it working out its spelling and then look up its connotation in the lexicon.

D) The teacher writes a list of words on the floorboard and asks the learners to look up its articulation. The teacher says the correct and incorrect articulation. The learners point out the correct articulation.

Using glossary A) Students can be sure to use a dictionary at the same time as script compositions. Give the students a catalog that contains vocabulary and asked them to choose from them a selected few and look up their synonyms and make use of them for writing.

44

B) In well-known speech marks and sayings key words are replaced with alternatives using the thesaurus. The students have to guess the original word.

To learn a language is a stiff work. Attempt is being requisite on every instant that the beginner learns professionally in addition to it must be maintained in excess of a long epoch of occasion. Playoffs assist and give confidence a lot of learners to maintain (to keep up) their attention as well as labor.

While educating, the tutor has to be artistic, ground-breaking and utilize a range of techniques to educate and construct her session consequential.

Playoffs are pleasurable and students like to participate in them from side to side. Playoffs students’ test, learn and act together with the surroundings. Playoffs add dissimilarity to the talk and insert to drive an inspiration by as long as a believable (logical) encouragement (support) to the plan that has to be learnt. Sports competition provides inducement to the learner. Sports rivalry makes the cause for language still to unwilling learner. On or after beginning to finish playoffs, students can learn English, the way they learn their mother tongue without being aware they are studying, thus without constant worry, they be able to learn a batch. Laughter should engage ‘friendly’ competition. A diversion is supposed to keep the whole class unavailable and paying attention. A game should give students a chance to learn, pertain or assess explicit substance. And it also encourages inventive and natural utilize of language. The learners get a lot of self confidence to forthcoming ability. Learners are motivated and enjoy when the students learn with Motivation. Games are fun affectionate and learners learn a lot from pastime. The teacher encourages original and impulsive use of language and promotes outgoing capability. Inspiration forever encourages students to be lively and on toes. Brood love to learn in the engage in recreation –way method and they take pleasure in learns in enjoyable loving technique Pupil develops to improve tolerant of the concepts of the theme. Pupil develops the guts of competition in optimistic move toward. Pupil develops the tradition of cooperation Pupil develops the aptitude of serious thoughts. Pupils develop close produce ability. Pupils the move toward off in front of the attractive or losing condition of relationships.

• “There is more treasure in books than in all pirates loot on Treasure Island......................and best of all you can enjoy these riches everyday of your life”. Mickey Mouse, unfortunately today, the Treasure in books is not being enjoyed by our young students. These riches which Mickey Mouse called greater than pirate’s loot are being ignored by the young generation of today.

• It is essential that the coming generation should be knowledgeable and aware. They should free themselves from the shackles of ignorance and apathy, and which better way than to do so with reading? Gilbert Highest says “These are not books lumps of lifeless paper, but minds alive on the shelves.” But it is sad truth of today that reading a much neglected pursuit.

45

• “In a very real sense, people who have read good literature have lived more than people who cannot or will not read”. A.I. Hayakawa students of today, however have no time to pursue reading. The onslaught of cable and star TV has corroded the impressionable minds of the young.

”Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body“. Sir Richard Steele. But this work

out is to ignore in favor of video games and the TV. Academic stress, coaching classes

and the pressure to perform have all contributed to the decline in the reading habits of

the students.

• “Every man who knows how to read has it in power to magnify himself, to

multiply the ways in which he exists, to make his life full, significant and

interesting ‘Aldoux Huxley.

• “Books love..................is your pass to the greatest, the purest, and the most

perfect pleasure that God has prepared for His creatures” Anthoy Trollope. If this

be true then importance of books and reading cannot be over emphasized.

• Since the advent of cable and Star TV students have been lured by other pursuits and there has been a decline in intellectual pursuits. Due to this and the increasing ignorance of the rich literary heritage of our country, the investigator thought of taking up “

The levels of achievement of the student’s are considered through written tests. But by written

test one can measure the true potentiality of an individual. After assertion of results most of the

people converse about the achievement and the disappointment, but they do not discuss or think

about average students. Why have they got fewer marks? If we make a vigor study about these

students we may find that they have excelled in one subject but have failed to come up to mark

with another. This could be because of a learning disability or needs remedial teaching. If such

students are helped or given remedial programme their achievement can go higher.

In a familiar sight, the Mumbai high court on Thursday 20th of July 2006, heading for all schools

in Maharashtra to place for strictly guidelines intended to pupils among knowledge unawareness.

The existing knowledge that the students have and not to use efficiently smears the students’

efforts e are used in English language. And that and the factor that are used to find out and that

are used for educative purpose and it also enhances remedial programme that the learner needs

and also enhances the skilled growth of the student. The corrective programme that learner needs

and also that is needed for the learner students learn for some genuine reason. Mistakes in

46

grammar that is written and that intended to be written is set for the learner to learn..Students

also learn for some genuine reason. On top of the entire research, the entire learning aims by the

side of discussion, the ruin within conditions of learning of English. On the bases of the need of

mistakes and search and on some essential discussion about remedial program is to be followed

through explanation and division of faults in common.

Students have many learning difficulties stemming from other linguistic and from other

educational sources. Students coming from lower socioeconomic background have inferiority

complex and it is reputed that middle class students are of lesser exposure to the use of English

language. These students coming from lower strata have limited use of language and less

exposure and they are in less contact to the use of two languages for instruction can be seen and

widely for the use of it. There are so many cases, where their academic difficulties can be seen

and widely documented where there are deficiencies in instruction and learning situation. Due to

these reasons students at school are unsuccessful. These students later on face challenges and

they do not come out in open and lack confidence in talking. When these students are not

checked they face difficulties and in over a period of time, it becomes difficult and more serious

if the teaching at school are not modified and properly spoken to the needs of the students. When

these students go to face and have exposure to the outside world they do not receive proper

taking part and they will have an exposure to the where they will not receive proper participation

and they will have to keep on struggling and the slit that they are having amid them will not be

accomplished and the problem will become big in times to come. Other students have some other

difficulties in learning and if remedial teaching is not given in suitable time then they turn out to

learning disabilities. Students who are beyond doubt having learning disabilities and who are not

successful in learning the language and who are having very limited vocabulary, use of language

not proper, sentence arrangement incorrect, have difficulties in them and it is confusing fir the

students to distinguish themselves. So special interest and focus has to be given to students who

are involved in getting remedial teaching improved amongst them. English language many a

times students who are learning English language are underprivileged by lacking resources, they

do not have proper qualified teachers, they lack suitable evaluation method of teaching and lack

of human resource who demeanor linguistic and ethnic classes as they are deprived by all these

factors. There are shortages of teachers and faculties who are teaching the language. English

language and verbal communication to the learners who are in need of special education are

47

skilled auxiliary not able to learn as there are no proper trained faculties and human resources to

tackle the situation and these learners are deprived from the needs of learning. For the

improvement of the academic presentation of the students who have no knowledge of English

language and no background of language. The focus should be allowed to participate in learning

to avoid disappointment and they should be allowed to participate in learning to avoid stress in

future life. To enlighten for all the purpose of education related to all the needs of life and it also

recommends for the purpose and for proper development in arranging and by gathering the

requirements recommended for the needs in order to avoid disappointment and there should be

no stress on the individual student and their improvement in scholastic performance will be

improved and to put them on the right trail.

In today’s competitive world where there are challenges in every corner of the world Information and

communication technologies is playing a fundamental role in open and distance learning and

toward meet the necessities and outlook of the learner in large level. Information and has many

useful requirements and modern technologies be used by the learner at different stages of the

cycle that is learnt in the form of entrance segment, the scholarship segment, the assessment

segment and lastly the certificate segment that has been done and given at the service. Across the

past twenty years the use of Information and communication has basically changed all forms of

Endeavour within business, governance and off education! In this kind of challenging world

where there are cut-throat competitions information and technology plays a major role here

Modern technology is very useful and learning takes place even in remote areas where there are

co-education schools, and education being delivered in small villages through distance learning.

Learning takes place and girls who are at work can even study, earn their living and study as

well. There is no need to attend colleges only through modern technology learning takes place.

Students cannot grasp learning and here the learning disability occurs. It becomes difficult for

the institution to render armed forces to the educator at different stages where students are

learning due to limited faculties and where teachers are not accessible, and over here Information

and communication technology is a key supply to defeat such boundaries. The futurologists

forecast that the future students of 21st century will have necessary education only through

Distance education. The continuous education may be able to offer education even in skill

development than merely indulging in information transformation. Technology has come to

assist distance education to amassing degree that it can institutionalize education.

48

To provide concrete example many of the healthy workers and nurse are given training through

distance education as in-service programmers for enrichment and modernization in many

countries. Many workers want to improve since there is fast escalation of knowledge input and

technology enrichment because of invention of new gadgets and instruments in every field,

especially in medicine, they have to be trained in the use of them for improvement in their

profession. Not only have the workers, the institution itself provided encouragement and

incentives for those workers to educate themselves through in-service programme. Distance

education is largely depending on Educational Technology extensively them in this venture. The

futurologists forecast that the future students of 21st century will have necessary education only

through Distance education. The continuous education may be able to offer education even in

skill development than merely indulging in information transformation. Technology has come to

assist distance education to amassing degree that it can institutionalize education.

To provide concrete example many of the healthy workers and nurse are given training through

distance education as in-service programmers for enrichment and modernization in many

countries. Many workers want to improve since there is fast escalation of knowledge input and

technology enrichment because of invention of new gadgets and instruments in every field,

especially in medicine, they have to be trained in the use of them for improvement in their

profession. Not only have the workers, the institution itself provided encouragement and

incentives for those workers to educate themselves through in-service programme. Distance

education is largely depending on Educational Technology extensively them in this venture.

Educational Technology:

Educational Technology is the new branch of technology coming up to assist education with the

appropriate use of technological gadgets and in the improvement of quality education in all its

dimensions. Electronics, especially computers find a big place in Educational Technology.

An ordinary nurse working in a hospital wants to improve her qualification in thermal survey, a

new field coming up in medicine. She has been working in ordinary hospital with minimum

qualification. Everywhere, there is a demand only for nurse with specialization and hence she

wants to improve her qualification. But the family conditions never permit her to join the formal

education since she cannot leave the job and she has a family to support. She cannot apply for

leave and she need her pay very dearly to run the home. She approached the University of

Canberra in the Distance university section.

49

The course insisted that she must have a computer and a video as part of her study accessories.

She borrows from the technology library and they installed it in her house on rent. The computer

and video are interfaced.WAN (wide area net-work) is a kind of facility like the cable T.V. of

our city where all the computers are linked for communication. Normally WAN will have the

link through the SAT connection (satellite linkage). The distance education department of the

university works with the technology wing and it has developed all facilities in the distance

education available to the students through (electronic) telecommunication. The expert who lives

in the city as faculties are linked to the university through cable SAT links. Their physical

presence is not instated. The students after registration and paying the fees never come to the

university. Everything is done through the communication net-work operated through the

computers.

Electronics in Distance Education:

As student must have a net-work of telephone, a computer and a T.V. and. interfaced to function

as an a interactive video systems for communication.

Through e-mail and the WAN (wide area net-work) or LAN (local net area) the university

communicates with students. In e-mail system, the computer is connected to telephone line

through modem (a digital analog converter) if my friend in America wants to write a letter, he

can use my pass word on computer network and in e-mail (in Non-Document mode) can type the

matter to be send to my computer. The message will come to my computer and me system will

store it, when I open my computer, or through signal, I will be informed about the message. The

e-mail will flash no my monitor screen of the computer. I can read a hard copy. So without any

postal expenditure, I can also send my reply through the same e-mail system. It is very popular

and common in developed nations. It has come to all big cities in India.

Let us now look to the system that operated in the university. In the university the entire campus

is under the watchful eyes of the super main frame computer. The Registrar of the university is

an expert engineer in electronic communication. In front of him is an array of TV screens hooked

to all sections of the university. He is in contact with all parts of the campus instantaneously

video, software sections and library are the brain centers of the university. The system can enter

into the campus through their computers network at anytime of the day and can have an access to

the learning materials by in line service open to the user on password code.

50

In the distance education wing, the reading materials and library books, are produced in the form

of instructional software. What is it? It may be learning materials produced by the subject experts

in the form of Video cassettes or computer disc (CAI) like the one children use for computer

games. Like viewing a camera, you can see the video on environment education; how man was

polluting the air or water you can see them in picture with comment. It will be followed by

questions you have to answer in your e-mail system. All your answers will be checked by the

Master computer in the distance education department and your marks will be entered in your

database (record where all your details from admission to marks will be stored)

The distance education prepares various formats of the information software and stocks them in

use. When on issue if the student comes across any mistake conceptually with the new

inventions, or need some changes, it is brought to the technologies. They refer the requests for

change to the expert in charge. If it is found to be genuine, the changes are brought in time.

Improvement for quality instruction is always welcome. The role in education is recurring and

unavoidable. Rapid changes in the technologies are indicating that the role of ICT in future will

grow tremendously in education. By observing the current activities and practices in education

we say the development of i within formation and communicative technology education has

strongly affected on what is learned? How it is learned? When and where learning takes places?

Who is learning and who is teaching?

Institutional Quality is an integrated institutional approach in delighting customers (both internal

(students )and external (parents, society) by meeting their expectations through everyone

involved in academic with the organization working on continuous improvement in academic

performance, services and processes along with proper problem methodology. Institutional

quality refers to :-”Meeting the requirement of internal and external customers consistently by

continuous improvement in the quality of work, functioning, academic performance, services

rendered to the customers and the processes which goes on in an institutional institution.”Thus

Institutional quality means a continuous improvement in academic performance.