05 UMTS Recommendation Macro

Recommendations for UMTS macro network deploymentHans Jörg Hamers, Rolf Fischer, Christoph KenkelVTN-Access-Design

Company Confidential / C2

Content

1. Basic Considerations

2. Don'ts in CDMA (e.g. UMTS R99, HSDPA)

3. Co-location

4. Remote Radio Head

5. Antennas

6. RET – Remote Electrical Tilt


Basic Considerations

“Network grid” for rollout (footprint) is defined by:

• Link Budget • Indoor losses• Noise• etc.

• Marketing Strategie

minimum required Signal Level

Rollout Area

Site distance:

• high dense urban ~400 m• dense urban ~600 m• suburban ~1000 m• residential ~2000 m• rural >2000 m

+

Network Grid (1)

Site distance in a “Macro-Layer” network should be ~400m !


Basic ConsiderationsNetwork rollout (1)

Network design should be based on homogenous network!(e.g. acquisition problems / construction limitations will lead to variations)

Assumption: shortest required (possible) site distance is ~600m

final Grid by FY xx+n/yy+n

d = x * ~600m; x=1,2,3,…

~600m ~600m ~600m

Starting Grid by FY xx/yy (Phase 1)

~1800m ~800m

~600m

Grid by FY xx /yy (Phase 2/3)

~1200m ~400m ~400m Huge overlapping / interference!Micro CellInbuilding Solution (Hot Spot Solution)



GSM

UMTS UMTS

GSM

UMTS Phase 1UMTS Phase 1

UMTS Phase 1

UMTS Phase 2

UMTS Phase 2

GSM

UMTS

GSM

UMTS

high signalling load because of “Island-Sites”

reduced signalling load due to “Cluster”

Cluster based rollout reduces signalling between 2G/3G!

Phase 1Phase 2



UMTS Phase 1

Cluster based rollout requires less optimisation effort!

UMTS Phase 2

neighbour sites requiring optimisation!

less neighbour sites requiring optimisation!



GSM

“Hard Handover”Mobile connected to only one BTS

Overlapping area has impact on network quality and capacity!

Avoid transmitter directed to each other !

UMTS

“Soft Handover”Mobile connected to several Node Bs

Site / Transmitter Configuration (1)


Basic ConsiderationsSite / Transmitter Configuration (2)

120°

120°

120° < 120°

< 120°

> 120°

“Standard configuration” ensures minimum Interference and overlapping area!

minimum Interference / Overlapping area increased Interference / Overlapping area

3 Sectors / Site 65° Antennas>4 Sectors / Site 35° Antennasuse single band antennas


Basic ConsiderationsSite / Transmitter Configuration (3)

Implement sites with “Optimisation-Space” within further rollout!

10°5°

5° 7°9° 10°

8°

Optimisation for both sites possible

Optimisation only for new site possible

Antenna: XPol F-Panel1720-2170 MHz65°15,5 dBi0° - 10° T

required: 10° Downtilt

implement: 5° mech. Downtilt+

5 ° electr. Downtilt

5° optional Downtilt


Basic ConsiderationsOptimisation (1)

Optimisation in practice should consider wider area!Optimisation should be done in steps / iterations!

1. Downtilt 2. Azimuth 3. add new Site

covered area

area requiringoptimisation

covered area

analysisarea

computation zone

area requiring optimisation, is optimised within analysis area, considering sites within computationzone


Basic ConsiderationsOptimisation (2)

covered area covered area

analysis area

computation zone

optimised area

optimise wholearea in steps bymoving areas

Optimise huge areas in steps based on analysis areas and computation zones!


Basic ConsiderationsVector data based Prediction (1)

Height (total) 57m=Height (ASL) 35m+Height (AGL) 22m

Company Confidential / C2 13


Single pole

Antennas placed on rooftop / wall mounteAntennas placed on rooftop / wall mounted

Use DX(m) / DY(m) to place distributed antennas / transmitters!

Vector data based Prediction (2)



Use DX(m) / DY(m) to place distributed antennas / transmitters!

move / place transmitter on the map

update DX / DY in the transmitter properties

update DX / DY in the transmitter table

Vector data based Prediction (3)

DX (m) move position

DY (m)

change azimuth



Prediction based on Vector dataPrediction based on Raster data

Transmitter:K 742264, 65°350°TN, 0° eDTheight 12m

buildings > 20m“Micro Cell”

Microcell or “Wall mounted antenna” prediction should be based on a propagation model using Vector data!

Vector data

based Prediction (4)


Don’ts of UMTS

1. NO boomer sites for UMTS (sites with height farabove average antenna heights)

In GSM network boomer sites or umbrella sites can be use if these get a special frequency

In UMTS every cell is transmitting on the same frequency=> Boomer sites will cause a lot of interference=> Performance of the neighboured cells is reduced=> Total capacity of affected cluster is reduced

2. Avoidance of antennas of neighbour cells “looking”each directly to the other

3. Avoidance of sectors with separation < 2x beamwidth


Co-location of UMTS on existing GSM sites

Benefits of Co-location

• Less civil works => reduced CAPEX• Less rental costs => reduced OPEX• Faster rollout possible

The aim should be 100 % co-location of UMTS on GSM sites Realistic value for co-location rate: 90%

ChallengeDecision needed if shared or separate antennas should beused because optimal antenna directions may differ in UMTS and GSM


Upgrade of Hybrid BTS to Remote Radio Head solutionUse Remote Radio Head to- avoid the feeder cable loss => increase of DL coverage- reduce civil works costs (small fibre cable instead of thick feeder)

Example:


Antennas for UMTS

65° beam width for UMTS antennas in a 3 sector configuration

For UMTS on 2100 MHz antennas of the same size have around 3 dB more gain than antennas for 900 MHz

Horizontal pattern Vertical pattern

65o


Antenna solution with separated antennas for UMTS and GSM


Antenna solution with shared antennas for UMTS and GSM


Antennawith

remotecontrolledelectricalDowntilt

Control tilting

in severalsteps

Control tilting

in severalsteps

Node BNode B

Antennawith

remote-controlledelectricalDowntilt

Purpose: adjusting coverage areas including soft handover areasdecreasing of inter-cell interference-improving capacity

Motivation and purpose for RET feature


Antennaprepared for RET

Feeder + DC power + Data (modulated signal)

Feeder

Standardized Interface (RS485, HDLC Protocol)

RETNodeB

X

O&M

Implementation example

OMC

Control on site withLocal Maintenance Terminal

(LMT)


RET System from Ericsson as example

RET UnitDouble DualDuplexAntenna SystemController


Full control of antennas from network management system

Evolution for automated tilt control based on traffic measures

Vision: Post processing and periodical change


GSM site preparation for 3GNew GSM sites should be prepared for 3G in areas, where 3G deployment isplanned for the future

- Site contracts should have options for 3G deployment

- Equipment room should have enough floorspace for 3G

- Air conditioning and power supply should be dimensioned for 3G

- Space for 3G antennas should be available or dual/triple band antennas

should be installed

- TMA or Remote Radio Head for 3G should be considered

- Micro wave equipment should be dimensioned for 3G


Deployment of 3G In-fill solutions


In-Fill Solutionsoverview of technical options that have been considered

New Macro Sites

• Macro 2.1 GHz with 3 Sectors (Reference)

• Macro 2.1 GHz with 1 or 2 Sectors

• Macro 2.1 GHz with 4-Way Receive Diversity and 40W PA

• Macro 2.1 GHz with 6 Sectors and 20W PA

• Macro 900 MHz with 3 Sectors

Upgrades and expansions of existing UMTS sites

• 4-Way Receive Diversity (modification)

• 6 Sectorisation (modification)

• UMTS 900 MHz (additional carrier and HW)

Other new site solutions

• Micro Node B site

• Dedicated Indoor Coverage System using small DAS (2 floor office building)

• Outdoor Repeater


Recommended Solution

Trafficdensity

Gap Size [km²]

low

high

0,01 0,05 0,25 0,5 1 5 10

IndoorSolution

Node B upgrade

to 4 WRXD

OutdoorRepeater

MicroNode B

Macro1 Sector

Macro3 Sectors

Macro 3 Sectors& 4 WRXD

Macro6 SectorsMacro

2 Sectors

Rep

eate

rN

ode

B

Solu

tion Wide Area DAS

Only recommended for special cases


Standard Macro Node BMacro Node B with 4 Way RXD UMTS900 Macro Node B

Coverage Gain of 4 Way RXD or UMTS900 Example 1 Example 2

Example 3


The size of additional coverage is approximately the same for 4Way RXD and 6 sector site,but the shape of the additional coverage area is different

6 Sector Node B Macro Node B with 4 Way RXD

Comparison of 4 Way RXD and 6 Sector Site


Micro Cell Solutions


• Covered area of both solutions is nearly equal

• 8 micro sites at street corners or 9 micro sites in streets for this example

⇒ The coverage area per site is for micro sites at street corners slightly better thanfor micro sites in streets

Indoor Coverage of Micro cell layer

Micro Sites at street corners Micro Sites in streets


2 servers in 5 dB window3 servers in 5 dB window

>=4 servers in 5 dB window

Overlapping / Interference of Micro cell layer

Micro Sites at street corners Micro Sites in streets

• The street corner deployment has the advantage that a dominant server situation results for these likely important areas.

• The In-street deployment has the advantage that the total interference decreases.


Coverage of micro cell layer (for the comparison) Coverage of macro sites

Coverage comparison of Micro cell layer and Macro sites1 Macro Site 2 Macro Sites

• Coverage of 1 macro sites is less than coverage of 8 micro cells

• Coverage of 2 macro sites is more than coverage of 8 micro cells

⇒ As a role of thumb it could be assumed that 1 macro sites will cover the same area as 6 micro cells


• Small /medium coverage gaps

• Coverage gaps in a street

• High traffic demand assumed in the area of the coverage gap

• If coverage of the backside of the buildings is of less importance

existing coverage new coverage of a micro cell

Example of micro cell deployment

The deployment of single micro cells is recommended for:


Dedicated Indoor Solutions


• Coverage hole is small, but high/medium traffic demand is assumed for this area

• The coverage hole as such is completely made up of a building or building complex.

• Buildings should be public (e.g. Train station, shopping mall, etc.) or business/ industrial area (e.g. office, factories, etc.)

Dedicated Indoor SolutionIn case the coverage hole is limited to one building.

Dedicated indoor coverage solutions should be deployed if:


Outdoor Repeater Deployment


Outdoor Repeater DeploymentIn case a coverage hole is an area with lower traffic expectation

New coverage of repeater and donor Node B

existing coverage

Outdoor Repeater

• Coverage extension (indoor and outdoor)• Improve network quality (improve throughput of HSDPA) • Shape of handover area• Reduce pilot pollution areas• Improve DL power management • Temporary solutions

Repeaters can be used for


Filling coverage holes without new sites


4 Way Receive Diversity Existing Coverage Upgrade of 3 Node Bs to 4 Way RXD

The coverage holes are usually in the border areas between the cells, therefore 3 or more cells have to be upgraded to close the hole


UMTS 900 Layer

• Coverage holes with less than 0,3 km² can be closed.

Documents

05 UMTS Recommendation Macro