04_SAP ABAP Dictionary

7/28/2019 04_SAP ABAP Dictionary

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Overview of the ABAPDictionarySrinivasulu Nettem


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Overview of the ABAP Dictionary

Definition and functions of the ABAP Dictionary

Basic objects of the ABAP Dictionary

The Database Utility


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What is a Data Dictionary?

Data

Dictionary


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No Redundant Data Definitions

Functions of the ABAP Dictionary

Integration with the ABAP

Workbench

Data

Dictionary

Data Integrity


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Data Integrity


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No Redundant Data Definitions


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Integration with the ABAP Workbench

Data

Dictionary


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Database Utility

Data

Dictionary

DatabaseUtility

DatabaseDatabase


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Data Modeling

What is data modeling?

Entities, attributes, & entity types

Data modeling vs. ABAP Dictionary terminology

Relationships and relationship types

Cardinality

Optionality

Category

Data model hierarchies Linking a data model to dictionary objects


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Data Dictionary

Real World

What is Data Modeling?

DataData

DictionaryDictionary

Data Model


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Uses of a Data Model


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EntityEntityCustomer

Basic Components of a Data Model

AttributeAttribute

30 S. 17th St.

Entity TypeEntity Type

Order


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Entity

Customer

Order

Product


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Attribute

J. ElkinsJ. Elkins

Customer30 S. 17th St.30 S. 17th St.30 S. 17th St.30 S. 17th St.

215-555-8000215-555-8000215-555-8000215-555-8000


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Entity Type

Order

CustomerProduct


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Data Modeler/ABAP Dictionary Terminology

Data Modeler ABAP DictionaryCustomer: entity record

Customer address: attribute field

Customers: entity type table


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Customer

Order

Relationships between Entities


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One - to - Many

Many - to - ManyOne - to - One

Cardinality


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Order

Order Lines

1 1 A26Order # Qty

Part #

1 3 C589

2 1 A26

Many-to-Many Relationships

Primary Key: Order Number

Primary Key: Product Number

Primary Keys: Order NumberProduct Number


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?

Customer Order

?Customer

Optionality


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Dependent Entity Type

Referenced Entity Type

Customer ID Name Address . . .

Order ID Date of Order Customer ID . . .

Customer

Order

Referenced

Dependent

Referenced and Dependent Entity Types


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SAP Graphic Notation


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Customers Orders

Example Using Graphic Notation


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Professors

Students

Practice Using Graphic Notation I


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Professors

Students

Practice Using Graphic Notation II


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StudentsEnrolmentRecords

Courses

Practice Using Graphic Notation III


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1

C

N

CN

1

C

N

CN

1

C

1

C

nn :: mmnn :: mm

SAP Text Notation


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Customers Orders

1 CN:

Example Using Text Notation


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Students

Professors

:

Practice Using Text Notation I


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Students

Professors

:

Practice Using Text Notation II


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StudentsEnrolmentRecords

Courses

:

Practice Using Text Notation III


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Referential

Hierarchical

Aggregating

?

Conditional-Referential

Specialisation

Category


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Student

Key:Student ID Number Enrollment Record

Key:Student ID Number

Course NumberCourse

Key:Course Number

Relationship Category: Aggregating


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Department

Key:Department Number

Professor

Key:Professor Number

Relationship Category: Referential

Relationship Categor


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Department

Key:Department Number

Professor

Key:Professor Number

Relationship Category:Conditional-Referential

Relationship Category


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Business Customer

Key:ID Number

Customer

Key:ID Number

Relationship Category:Specialisation


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GeneralAccounting

Chart ofAccounts

Currency

FI

. . .

..

.

..

.

Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM

Linking a Data Model to ABAP Dictionary


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DataData

DictionaryDictionary

Data Model

Linking a Data Model to ABAP DictionaryObjects


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ABAP Dictionary Objects

Tables

Data Elements

Domains

Using a Table in an ABAP Program


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Accessing the ABAP Dictionary

Data

Dictionary


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Basic Objects of the ABAPData Dictionary

Table CTable BTable A

Data Element 1 Data Element 2

DomainDomain


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Tables

TABLE KNA1TABLE KNA1(Customers)(Customers)

Name 1 ORT 02MANDT KUNNRTable: KNA1Table: KNA1Table: KNA1Table: KNA1


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Create a Table

Table maintenance attribute

Enter a description (short text).Maintain delivery class

Maintain field attributes in Fields tab


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Two-Level Domain Concept

Data Element 1 Data Element 2

DomainDomain


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Data Elements

Table BTable A

Data Element 1


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Pre-Defined Data Elements


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Data Element Documentation


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Create Data Element

Enter a description (short text).Enter domain name.

intain field labels and column headers in the Field Label tab


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Domains

Table ATable A

Data ElementsData Elements

DomainDomain


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Characteristics of Domains

Table ATable A

Data ElementsData Elements

DomainDomain


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Allowed Values

Value Table

DomainDomain DomainDomain

January

February

March.......

December

fi f i ll d l


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validvalues

invalidvalues

Benefits of Using Allowed Values

C D i


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Create a Domain

Enter a description (short text).

Enter data type and length.

Explicit Values, Intervalsor

a value table may be

enteredIn the Value ran e tab

U i T bl i P C d


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Using a Table in Program Code

TABLES:YEMPLOY.

SELECT *FROM YEMPLOY.

WRITE:/ YEMPLOY_IDYEMPLOY_NAME

YEMPLOY_SALARY

ENDSELECT.

F i K R l ti hi


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Foreign Key Relationships

Definition & Uses of Foreign Keys

Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships

Key Terminology Cardinality and Foreign Key Field Types

Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields

D fi iti f F i K


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Definition of Foreign Keys

U f F i K


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Uses of Foreign Keys

Maintain data integrity

Provide help texts

Create aggregate dictionary objects

Prerequisites for Constructing


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e equ s es o Co s uc gForeign Key Relationships The foreign key field and the primary key of the check table must share the same domain.

A value table must exist for that domain.

F i K K T i l


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Check TableCheck Table

Value TableValue Table

Foreign Keys: Key Terminology

Foreign Key TableForeign Key Table

Foreign Key Terminology:


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CheckTable

Value

Table

g y gyCheck Table = Value Table

Foreign Key Terminology:


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g y gyCheck Table Value Table

Check

Table

Valu

eTable

E bli hi F i K


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Data

Dictionary

Establishing a Foreign KeyRelationship in the ABAP Dictionary

Cardinality


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Cardinality

nn :: mmnn :: mm1

C

1

C

N

CN

Foreign Key Field Type


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Course Enrolment

STUDENT_ID ?

Foreign Key Field Type

Check Table: Students

Foreign Key Table: Course Enrolment

Foreign Key Type:


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g y ypKey Fields or Key Field Candidates

Faculty Course

Foreign Key Type:


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g y ypKey Fields of a Text Table

T005(Country Codes)

(T002)

(Language Codes)

T005T(Country descriptions)

Foreign Key Type:


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Non-Key Field Candidates

Course

Professor


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Foreign key push-button

Creating a Foreign Key Relationship

Maintaining a Foreign Key Relationships


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Enter a description (short text).

Maintain cardinality n : m

Maintain foreignkey type

Check table(defaults tovalue table)

Attributes



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Field-By-Field Assignment


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Check TableCheck Table

Field-By-Field Assignment

Foreign Key TableForeign Key Table

Partial Foreign Keys


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Partial Foreign Keys

Constant Foreign Keys


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Constant Foreign Keys

BIO


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ABAP Dictionary Tables


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in Relational Databases SAP Table Types

Technical Settings

Indexes


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Transparent TablesT TRANSP


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Type = TRANSP

Master DataMaster Data

Table Types TRANSPi th D t b


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in the Database

DB

PROFILE

Mapping a Table of Type INTTAB


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Mapping a Table of Type INTTAB

DB xx

PROFILE

Pool and Cluster Tables: Overview


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Pool and Cluster Tables: Overview

Pool Table Cluster TableCluster Table

Technical Settings


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MasterTransaction

Organization &Customizing

User

Technical Settings

Data class

Number of data records inDB storage

Single records,

generic, full, notbuffered

on or off

Size category

Buffering

Log data changes

Data Class


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Master data User data

Data Class

Organization andCustomizing data

Transaction data

DB

Size Categories


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g

Buffering Type


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g yp

None

Single Record Generic

Full

KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6 KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6

KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6

Logging


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gg g

Maintaining Technical Settings


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g g

Index


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Database Utility


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ABAPABAPDictionar

Dictionaryy

DB

y

Adding Structures


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g

Substructures

Customizing Includes

Append Structures

Including Structures in Tables


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Table XYZ

.INCLUDE CI_XXX

Table T

.APPEND ZAT

Table YCUSTAB

.INCLUDE YSTRUC

Append StructuresAppend Structures

SubstructuresSubstructures Customizing IncludesCustomizing Includes

Customer Tables SAPTables

SAP Tables

Field 1Field 1Field 2Field 2......Field nField n

g

Substructure


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YS-F1 YS-F2 YS-F3...

TableTable FieldField Data elementData elementYT2YT2 S1S1

(TRANSP)(TRANSP) S2S2

F1F1

TableTable FieldField Data elementData element

YT1YT1 S1S1

(TRANSP)(TRANSP) S2S2

F1F1

.INCLUDE YS

.INCLUDE YS

YS

Customizing Include


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CI_XXX


XYZXYZ S1S1F1F1. . .. . .

FnFn


XYZXYZ S1S1F1F1. . .. . .

FnFn

.INCLUDE CI_XXX

CI_XXX-F1CI_XXX-F2 CI_XXX-F3

Append Structure


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ZAT-F1 ZAT-F2 ZAT-F3


TT S1S1F1F1. . .. . .

FnFn

.APPEND ZAT

ZAT

ABAP RepositoryInformation System


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Information System The Repository Information System

Object Searches (Find)

Use of Objects in Objects (Where-Used) Searching for Objects Outside the Dictionary

ABAP Repository Info System: Typical Queries


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ABAPABAPDictionaryDictionary

Find (Object Search)Find (Object Search)

Find all objects ofFind all objects oftype A withtype A with

attributes X, Y, Z.attributes X, Y, Z.

Where-used listsWhere-used lists

Find all objects ofFind all objects oftype A that usetype A that use

object Bobject B

ABAP Repository: Initial Screen


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Find: Selection Screen


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Enter a singleEnter a single

value forvalue forthe searchthe search

attributes orattributes oruse the arrowuse the arrowpush-buttonspush-buttons

for selectionfor selectionoptionsoptions

Use the All SelectionsUse the All Selectionspushbutton to limit search criteriapushbutton to limit search criteria

on other object attributeson other object attributes

Selection Options


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Simplified Selection (single values)

=

>

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04_SAP ABAP Dictionary