047121728x - download.e-bookshelf.dedownload.e-bookshelf.de/...G-0000583188-0002384026.pdf · largest steel company, Arthur Cutten, the greatest wheat spec- ... speculator 8467_Smitten_fm_a

Innodata
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Jesse

LIVERMOREWORLDrsquoS

GREATEST

STOCK

TRADER

Richard Smitten

JOHN WILEY amp SONS INCNew York bull Chichester bull Weinheim bull Brisbane bull Singapore bull Toronto

8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page i

Copyright copy 2001 by Richard Smitten All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley amp Sons Inc

All excerpts from the New York Times copyright copy 2001 by the New YorkTimes Company Reprinted with permission

No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanicalphotocopying recording scanning or otherwise except as permitted underSections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without eitherthe prior written permission of the Publisher or authorization throughpayment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 (978) 750-8400 fax (978) 750-4744 Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to thePermissions Department John Wiley amp Sons Inc 605 Third Avenue NewYork NY 10158-0012 (212) 850-6011 fax (212) 850-6008 E-MailPERMREQWILEYCOM

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative informationin regard to the subject matter covered It is sold with the understanding thatthe publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services If professionaladvice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competentprofessional person should be sought

This title is also available in print as ISBN 0-471-02326-4 For moreinformation about Wiley products visit our web site at wwwWileycom

fcopyebkqxd 101701 1209 PM Page ii

This book is dedicated to my father Louis SmittenWithout him there would be no book He is a man who has done close to the impossible He hasbalanced worldly success with spiritual success

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8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page iv

In 1923 seven men who had made it to the top of the finan-cial success pyramid met together at the Edgewater Hotel inChicago Collectively they controlled more wealth than the en-tire United States Treasury and for years the media had heldthem up as examples of success

Who were they Charles Schwab president of the worldrsquoslargest steel company Arthur Cutten the greatest wheat spec-ulator of his day Richard Whitney president of the New YorkStock Exchange Albert Fall a member of the PresidentrsquosCabinet Jesse Livermore the greatest bear on Wall StreetLeon Fraser president of the International Bank of Settlementand Ivan Kruegger the head of the worldrsquos largest monopoly

What happened to them Schwab and Cutten both diedbroke Whitney spent years of his life in Sing Sing peni-tentiary Fall also spent years in prison but was released so he could die at home and the others Livermore Fraser andKruegger committed suicide Donald McCullogh

Waking from the American Dream

The steps of a short sale are defined as a sale of stock you donrsquotown in anticipation of a drop in price Stock is borrowed fromyour broker for delivery to the purchaser Later stock is pur-chased in the open market and returned to the broker to com-plete the transaction In other words the stock is sold first thenbought later hopefully at a lower price This is the reverse of anormal buy-first sell-later transaction

Louis Smitten speculator

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8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page vi

Contents

Preface ixAcknowledgments xiii

chapter oneThe Great Bear of Wall Street 1

chapter twoThe Back Story 19

chapter threeThe San Francisco Earthquake Rumbles in New York 39

chapter fourThe Crash of 1907 63

chapter fiveThe Cotton King 85

chapter sixBack on His Game 107

chapter sevenPerfecting His Market Theory 127

chapter eightStock Pools and Scandals 151

chapter nineBoston Billy 175

8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page vii

chapter tenThe Crash of 1929 191

chapter elevenWhen to Hold and When to Fold 205

chapter twelveLivermorersquos Money-Management Rules 223

chapter thirteenLivermorersquos Luck Sours 245

chapter fourteenThe Shooting of Jesse Livermore Jr 265

chapter fifteenFacing the Grim Reaper 277

appendixLivermorersquos Laws and Trading Secrets Revealed 301

Sources 315Bibliography 317

bull viii bull CONTENTS

8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page viii

Preface

There is nothing more difficult to take in hand more perilousto conduct or more uncertain in its success than to take the leadin the introduction of a new order of things

Niccolo Machiavelli

WHEN I WAS 13 MY FATHER TOLD ME ABOUT THE GREAT-

est stock trader who ever lived Jesse Livermore I sat and listenedas my father informed me that Livermore had set a new standardfor the trading of stocks Fascinated I began reading about Liver-more before I was 14

I did not know that 40 years later Livermore and I would havea date with destinymdashor that I would devote more than a year ofmy life to investigating his life I did not know that I would ulti-mately get to know him as well as anyone ever did get to knowhim

Livermore was a person of great secrecy mystery and silenceHe strove to control his emotions and thereby overcome thehuman frailty of passions that we all suffer from Above all hewanted to beat the game solve the puzzle best the stock market

Many readers will be familiar with Jesse Livermore under thename Larry Livingston from the best-selling book Reminiscences ofa Stock Operator by Edwin LeFevre a financial journalist First pub-lished in 1923 Reminiscences of a Stock Operator is the fictionalizedbiography of Livermore There is no question that Reminiscences isone of the best financial books ever written Generations oftraders investors and market watchers have turned to it for insight

8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page ix

into the strategies of a great trader and for understanding of crowdpsychology and market timing

After reading Reminiscences and Livermorersquos own book How toTrade in Stocks I realized that there was a lot more to Livermorersquosstory The published record revealed almost nothing about the realJesse Livermore I embarked on a two-year journey that wouldtake me into Livermorersquos worldmdashboth professional and personal Iwas able to interview Paul Livermore Jessersquos surviving son whospoke for the record for the first time about his father I also spoketo Patricia Livermore the wife of Jesse Livermore Junior and closeconfidant of Dorothy Livermore Livermorersquos second wife and themother of his two children

Just like the famous financier JP Morgan Livermore sufferedfrom great bouts of depression throughout his life In the period helived there were no remedies for this condition and finally in1940 he ended his life by his own hand

Livermore was quiet and secretive yet lived a very opulent andexciting life moving in the highest social circles He was person-ally blamed for the great crash of 1929 and received numerousdeath and kidnapping threats He married a beautiful Ziegfeld Fol-lies showgirl and fathered two children one of whom wouldeventually be shot by his own mother

This book is a complete biography of Jesse Livermore the manand the trader It chronicles his life in fine detail and also revealsmany new aspects of his groundbreaking trading techniqueswhich were revolutionary then and which remain revolutionarytoday

There are four simple themes to this bookFirst human nature never changes Therefore the stock market

never changes Only the faces the pockets the suckers and themanipulators the wars the disasters and the technologies changeThe market itself never changes How can it Human nature never

bull x bull PREFACE

8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page x

changes and human nature runs the marketmdashnot reason not eco-nomics and certainly not logic It is our human emotions thatdrive the market as they do most other things on this planet

Second the achievement of material goals and career ambitionsdoes not equal the achievement of happiness in life There is nocorrelation between success and happiness There is no automaticbalance between worldly riches and emotional fulfillment

Third it is our will that allows each of us to accomplish ourgoals not our intellect Talent is not enough Luck is not enoughOnly the will to suffer hard work and incredible persistence leadsto the attainment of the impossible There are no shortcuts thereis no easy way Especially as yoursquoll find out in the stock market

Finally it is the individual not the group that has led to thegreat discoveries of humanity The great ideas the great fortunesand the giant steps forward in technology politics and medicinehave all come from individuals not groups

There are many ways to play the market hundreds of theoriestechniques systems and strategies This book covers Livermorersquosapproach It reveals for the first time in one volume his secrets onhow to successfully speculate and make money A great deal of theresearch conducted on Livermorersquos life was based on interviewswith his family personal papers newspaper accounts and Liver-morersquos own writings Some poetic license was taken in recreatingdialogue to paint a more vibrant picture of Jesse Livermore theman and his times In certain parts of the book I have replicatedconversations as they were told to me by family members

And I think you will agree after reading this book that therenever was another stock market speculator like Jesse Livermore

PREFACE bull xi bull

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8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page xii

Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Paul Livermore for his kind cooperation in goingback in time in such great detail to revisit a sometimes painful pastand to Paulrsquos beautiful wife Ann who was so gracious with hertime

Thanks to Patricia Livermore who also had to travel back to theyears she was married to Jesse Livermore Jr and relive so muchheartbreak tragedy and sorrow

Special thanks to my father for introducing me to the Livermorestory when I was a young man and for his brilliant technical assis-tance and editing of the book Also thanks must go to my fabulousdaughter Kelley Smitten for her constant support and help inediting this book

I also must thank Ed Dobson at Traderrsquos Press for his greatencouragement during preparation of the original edition of thisbook Ed shares with me and many other people an endless fasci-nation with Livermorersquos life and times

Thanks to Debi Murray of the Historical Society of Palm BeachCounty for guiding me through the societyrsquos precious archives andletting me have a glimpse into Palm Beach life at the turn of thelast century

Finally thanks to Jesse Livermore for trying to do the impossi-blemdashbeat the game and master the stock market

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8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page xiv

chapter one

The Great Bear of Wall Street

Chaos is come again Shakespeare Othello

Early on the morning of Tuesday October 29th the canyons ofWall Street were thronged with thousands of excited thrill-seekers who had come to witness the anticipated carnage Po-licemen on horseback and detectives in uniform attempted tokeep the mob clear of the entrance to the New York Stock Ex-change but it was no use every time they succeeded in openinga pathway the jostling crowd immediately closed ranks again

Inside on the floor of the exchange one could actually feelthe tension and fear in the air as the hands of the clock crawledtoward 1000 and the opening gong Less than a week earlieron Black Thursday the stock market had suffered the most dis-astrous decline in its history and the staggering plunge of priceson the following Monday afternoon had only increased the pre-vailing sense of panic

In brokerrsquos rooms across the country investors visited nerv-ously and coughed and shifted their feet as they stood and staredin hypnotic fascination at the silent stock ticker the mechanicalcourier that would soon deliver with cold indifference a verdictof survival ormdashmore likelymdashutter ruin

William Klingaman 1929The Year of the Great Crash

8467_Smitten_01_aqxd 08142001 338 PM Page 1

ON THAT SAME MORNING AT EXACTLY 720 NOT 719 OR

721 Jesse Livermore stood at the massive entrance to his 29-roommansion in Kingrsquos Point Long Island waiting to see the flying-maiden hood ornament on his black Rolls-Royce The chauffeurknew the drill he had to enter the driveway at seven twenty JesseLivermore was a precise man

A light gray fog wafted in from Long Island Sound It accentu-ated the cold air the change of seasons and added an ominous feelto the air As usual the car rolled down the long circular drive atprecisely 720 and stopped in front of Livermore He noddedsilently to the chauffeur opened his own door and slipped intothe back seat the newspapers folded under his arm He placedthem on the leather seats as he did every morning the New YorkTimes the London Times the Wall Street Journal He glanced at theheadlines again they were basically all the samemdashldquoStock MarketsPlummet Throughout the Worldrdquo

As the car made its way down the driveway Livermore clickedon his reading lamp and pulled the side-window curtains closedHe wanted to study the newspapers in dark silence There were nosurprises in these newspapers for him In fact he had been waitingfor these very headlines for almost a year now He had plannedcarefully for this day and he had been patient

When the car crossed into Manhattan the driver did not dropthe window between them Instead he used the microphoneldquoMr Livermore wersquove passed into Manhattan You asked me totell yourdquo

Livermore pushed open the thick black curtain and let the lightof the sun stream into the darkness of the back of the limo Hethought about telling the chauffeur to drive down to Wall Street sohe could see could feel the atmosphere in the Wall Streetcanyons

bull 2 bull JESSE LIVERMORE WORLDrsquoS GREATEST STOCK TRADER


But that might somehow affect the way he played it from hereon out affect his emotions his objectivity Was this the bottomWas it just a pause in a steep decline Would confidence in themarket return and stop the free fall Should he cover his shortpositions His fortune would rest on the answers to these ques-tions and he had long ago realized that it was what people actuallydid in the stock market that countedmdashnot what they said theywere going to do

Some people might want to see the human chaos feel the des-perate financial pandemonium that occurred when the fear-devilrose up and conquered the greed-god that had appeared so strongand indestructiblemdashbut not Livermore he wanted to stayuntouched by these human reactions He would be able to seeeverything clearly soon enough He would listen to the quietclicking verdict of the stock tickers in his office suite when themarket opened for trading

He slid the black curtain back across the window and began tostudy the newspapers again in the darkness He spoke withoutlooking up ldquoHarry wersquoll go straight to the officerdquo

Before the automated traffic-light system was installed a NewYork City police officer would sit in a booth and operate thelights When the Livermore limousine approached this officerwould make sure the light was green so Livermore would have nointerruptions on his journey from Kingrsquos Point to his office inManhattan

Once a week Harry the chauffeur would retrace the route stop-ping at each traffic-light booth There he would pass out a cash gra-tuity to the police officer in charge for the officerrsquos kindconsideration in making sure the financier always had a green lightwhen he passed Livermore was a person who demanded precision

Livermore exited his car at 730 Fifth Avenue the Hecksher

THE GREAT BEAR OF WALL STREET bull 3 bull


Building He stepped into the private express elevator that stoppedon the eighteenth floor the penthouse Livermore demanded astraight shot to his office He chose not to speak with anyone if hecould avoid it

There was no name on the door of Livermorersquos office suite Heopened it with his key and entered the small waiting room ananteroom where Harry Edgar Dache sat during office hours Itwas difficult to get past Dache who stood 6 foot 6 weighed 275pounds and was considered by the press to be pug-ugly as well asnot very friendly

At this hour however the office suite was empty Livermorewas always first He opened the second door with a special keykept in a safe Only he and Dache had the combination Dacheeven supervised the cleaning people when they cleaned Liver-morersquos offices Many considered them the most palatial in NewYork City with hand-carved arches custom bookshelves andwalls paneled in beautiful mahogany and carved oak Livermorehad first seen this paneling in the library of an old English manorhouse He had paid to have the paneling dismantled and shipped toNew York where it was reassembled in his offices

The office suite itself consisted of an anteroom the tradingroom with its green chalkboard that covered the entire wall alongwith the walkway for the board men the conference room andfinally Livermorersquos huge private office The chalkboard was visiblefrom all the rooms

Livermore usually employed a staff of seven six board men plusDache The primary job of his employees was to post stock quoteson the green chalkboards that stretched the length of the office areaDache oversaw all activities in the office and did whatever else hewas asked The board men were sworn to secrecy and paid well Therule in the offices was no talking during market hours Livermore



wanted no distractions while the market was open The quotes hadto be posted immediately and accurately millions were riding

There were several ticker-tape machines in each room Thesnaking tape was like the blood that flowed through his veins Itwas life itself He was never out of armrsquos reach of a stock tickerThere were tickers in the main rooms of all his homesLake PlacidLong Island the Manhattan apartment the suite of rooms in theBreakers Hotel in Palm Beach even on his 300-foot yacht

Livermore read the numerous New York Times articles that hehad saved from the recent editions All the papers blamed him forthe calamitous crash personally blamed him for initiating thedeclinemdashthe precipitous free fall which now seemed to have nobottom But he believed that businessmdashin his case the stock mar-ketmdashwas like war In war you died if you made a mistake in thestock market if you made a mistake you could go broke very fastOne could die financially in a heartbeat

Livermore was a serious person and on this day he planned todo some serious business He was impeccably dressed as he wasevery day in a handmade suit from Saville Row in London Hisshirts were the latest style made of the finest Egyptian cottonmonogrammed on the cuff His suit hung perfectly from his slimframe his silk tie subtly striped to blend in with it His blond hairwas combed back parted on the left side He used pince-nezglasses which were perched on his nose He wore a vest with agold chain that spanned the pockets On one end of the chainhung a thin gold pencil on the other a small golden penknife Heoften fidgeted with the pen or the knife spinning one or the otherwhile he was talking

He was the most famous bear on Wall Street a trader who wasas likely to sell short as to buy long He didnrsquot care he knew thatstocks went down as often as they went upmdashbut when they



declined they did it twice as fast as when they went up and thatwas what was going on today

He had a line out at the present time of over a million shareswell over $100 million It had been placed months ago slowlysecretly and silently using more than 100 stockbrokers so nobodycould tell what he was doing He was short the marketmdashhe hadsold stock that he would later supply at a much lower price Hewas living up to his reputation as the Great Bear of Wall Street

Today he was like a lone wolf stalking the arctic tundra lookingfor preymdashand looking out for other predators that might kill himThere were plenty of Wall Street players he knew who could dojust thatmdashend his financial life with one deadly hammering blow

He picked up one of the New York Times articles he had savedfrom October 20 and read the headline ldquoStocks Driven Down inWave of Sellingrdquo He was careful not to gloat There was no onewho knew better than Livermore how fast things could change inthe stock market He read on

In the two hours in which trading was limited on the NewYork Stock Exchange active issues passed through one of thewildest breaks in history Final quotations revealed net lossesranging from 5 to 20 points and the aggregate depreciation inopen market values was estimated at $1000000000 (one bil-lion) or more

The total turnover was 3488100 shares which representedthe second heaviest volume for a Saturday since the StockExchange was established During the first half hour tradingtook place at a rate of more than 8500000 shares for a fullfive-hour day The stock market community did not knowuntil an hour and twenty-three minutes after the 12 orsquoclockclosing gong what the final prices were so late was the over-burdened ticker



PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT

One of the stories which gained wide circulation whereverstock market tickers clicked yesterday was that Jesse L Liver-more formerly one of the countryrsquos biggest speculators isthe leader of the bear clique that has been hammering awayat the market for weeks and that the particular weaknesswhich developed in high priced and pivotal stocks was to beattributed in part at least to his activities

Arthur W Cutten of Chicago the recognized leader of thebull party watched the ticker from his hotel in Atlantic Cityyesterday and told close friends that nothing has developed tochange his opinion about the marketmdashthat good stockswould eventually sell higher

Reports of a struggle between Livermore and Cutten forstock market supremacy which have circulated widely inWall Street for the last three or four days were discreditedLivermore is presumed to be heavily short of leading stocksand Cutten heavily long of the same group of issues Theascendency of Livermore to the position he once held as thecountryrsquos leading market operator on the bear side after sev-eral years of eclipse is one of the most interesting develop-ments in the market

The short selling which it was generally agreed was theprincipal factor in todayrsquos decline served to induce furtherliquidation of stocks and the cumulative effect was reflectedin a demoralized market in certain issues It was plain that themarket was receiving no organized support Stocks whichordinarily have powerful backing were allowed to shift forthemselves

With stocks driving higher during the last few months fol-lowing each downward reaction the situation was readymade for Livermore The Street stories are that he went short



of a large line of issues such as United States Steel Mont-gomery Ward Simmons Co General Electric Americanand Foreign Power and half a dozen other of the marketrsquospivotal issues He then initiated his familiar hammering tac-tics under which the market first faltered then broke

Cutten the Fishers Durant and others of the groupknown in Wall Street as the ldquoBig Tenrdquo were large holders ofthese particular stocks and have seen their plans and poolswrecked by what were natural economic developments cou-pled with much shrewd short selling

One of the tales started and circulated in the financial dis-trict yesterday was that Livermore had the backing in a bearcampaign of Walter P Chrysler who was said to be piquedbecause he suspected that the Chicago-Detroit group hadhammered at Chrysler motors in the market driving it downbelow 55 from its high of 135 this year

The outstanding bear leader appears to be Livermore whohas regained a tremendous fortune through adroit short sell-ing and who temporarily at least is regarded as being exactlyldquorightrdquo on this market Cutten who started as a grain traderhas amassed an estimated $100 million or more in the stockmarket during the last three years of bull markets Cutten isthe leader of the bull faction and is temporarily at leastregarded as ldquowrongrdquo on the market

Mr Cutten was in New York and watched the marketfrom the office of the head of the stock exchange Hisexpressed opinion to friends is that much of the selling hadbeen hysterical and that he believes good stocks should beheld for higher prices He has not changed his formerlystated position about the long distance outlook Neither hashe made any statement about the market for publicationNaturally they have nothing to say about their market



positions at the moment or what they have been doing inrecent days

The Times article had more to tell

Jesse L Livermore who has been in eclipse so far as stockmarket operations are concerned for several years has madea smashing comeback if Wall Street reports are true Thecomeback of Mr Livermore as one of the foremost marketplayers is another Wall Street wonder As a boy he was a boardmarker in Boston brokerage houses where he developed suchskill at tape reading that despite limited capital he was barredfrom every bucket shop in Boston and New York This gavehim the nickname that has stuck to him through later years ofthe ldquoBoy Plungerrdquo

Coming to New York and playing the markets skilfullyafter long series of ups and downs he struck an extended win-ning streak and made a fortune of many millions It isreported that in the current bull market he decided thatstocks were too high and guessed wrong The continuedadvances of such issues as General Motors Steel GeneralElectric and others is said to have taken back a large part ofhis fortune He was short of them all and covered time andtime again It was reported in the financial district that he wasdown to his large irrevocable annuities of which he has sev-eral for himself and his family acquired during years of earlierprosperity

Arthur Cutten Livermorersquos rival might be mistaken for acountry storekeeper He cares nothing for conventionsappearances or customs Shy quiet and unassuming he hasmany times sat back in the corner of a Pullman smokingroom and heard casual travelers discussing his stock market



feats without disclosing his identity When not attending tohis businesses he is a gentleman farmer on his estate nearChicago

On the other hand Livermore is the fastidious well-dressed man of the city Slight and blond and he wears hisdark clothes well rides in Rolls-Royce cars maintains a ret-inue of servants half a dozen places of residence and proba-bly the most luxurious offices in New York located atop theHecksher Building

Temperamentally the two are entirely unlike Cutten iscalm slow of speech and not at all impetuous Livermore isquick nervous and excitable given to superstitions but will-ing to bet his last nickel if he thinks he is right Livermore hasbeen down not once but half a dozen times Cutten at leastin the last years has typified the bull market

The markets of the next month or so are likely to provewildly exciting affairs because of the direct pull and haulagainst each other of a wide variety of economic factors allof them powerful It is now pretty certain that when stocksgo up Mr Cutten will be there helping them along It isequally certain that when they decline Mr Livermore will bein the market hammering away There is however no personalbattle between them

ldquoHumph itrsquos never personalrdquo uttered Livermore as he finishedthe article and placed it on his desk He and Cutten had often beentrading adversaries for years now ever since they had been youngmen buying and selling commodities in the Chicago grain pits

The phone rang and Livermore signaled to his assistant Dachewho had just arrived that he would answer

ldquoHellordquoldquoThis Jesse Livermorerdquo



ldquoSpeakingrdquoldquoYou bastard Livermore This is your doing and you are going

to pay Irsquom broke thanks to you No Irsquom more than broke I owemy broker thousands of dollars of margin money but I still got mygun Irsquom headed down there to blow your brains out Next timeyou answer your door Irsquoll be standing there and the next thing youknow yoursquoll be walking through the gates of hell which is whereyou deserve to be you rdquo

Livermore slammed the phone down It all sprang from thesearticles picked up by every paper in the United States blaminghim for the crash But it wasnrsquot him He wasnrsquot that powerful noone was not even the men from the great House of Morgan Butthat wouldnrsquot stop the public from thinking he had triggered thecrash and was driving it down by selling selling selling He hadcalled the Times and given them an interview explaining that hewas not to blame but it had not worked No matter what itseemed people wanted to blame him maybe just so they couldhave someone to call on the phone and threaten He reread theheadline of the interview he had given that appeared in the Octo-ber 22 1929 edition of the Times ldquoLivermore Not in Bear PoolrdquoHe read on

Jesse L Livermore who has been widely reported in WallStreet to have been heavily short of the market on the presentbreak and to be the leader of a bear pool denied yesterdayany connection with such a pool

Mr Livermorersquos statement issued from his offices at 730Fifth Avenue follows

ldquoIn connection with the various reports which have beenindustriously spread during the last few days through thenewspapers and various brokerage houses to the effect that alarge bear pool has been formed headed by myself and



financed by various well known capitalists I wish to state thatthere is no truth whatever in any such rumors as far as Irsquomconcerned and I know of no such combination having beenformed by others

ldquoWhat little business I do in the stock market has onlybeen as an individual and will continue to be done on such abasis

ldquoIt is very foolish to think that any individual or combina-tion of individuals could artificially bring about a decline inthe stock market in a country so large and so prosperous asthe United States What has happened during the last fewweeks is the inevitable result of a long period of continuousrank manipulation of many stock issues causing their prices torise many times above their actual worth based on real earn-ings and yield returns

ldquoThe men who are responsible for bringing about thesefictitious prices are the same men who are directly responsi-ble for what is happening in the stock market today It isunfortunate for the general public when such a conditionarises that real sound investment issues have to suffer alongwith the readjustment of issues of least merit

ldquoIf anyone will take the trouble to analyze the selling pricesof different stocks as for instance United States Steel whichis selling around eight to ten times its current earnings manyother issues must look and have looked for a long time asselling at ridiculously high prices

ldquoThe Federal Reserve Board through its various warningsand many expressions from very high banking authoritiescould not stop the market from going up so it must be plainand seem utterly ridiculous for any sane person to presumethat one lone individual could have any material effect on thecourse of the prices of securitiesrdquo



ldquoFoolsrdquo Livermore mumbled on finishing the interviewldquoFools to think I could have brought an entire market to its kneesImpossiblerdquo

Perhaps he was part of the trigger mechanism but it was a preg-nant situation Wild speculation always brought the market to itsknees He had been trading for 35 years since he was 14 years oldHe had made and lost millions of dollars In 1929 he was at theheight of his power and he knew this was another moment ofeuphoria

Livermore pondered the situation carefully The threateningphone calls had shaken him He was well aware of the deep psy-chological wounds that a loss in financial fortune could cause Hehad been through it himself many times in his career He wouldhave to make another statement and quicklymdashhis family couldalso be in jeopardy They had been threatened before

He waited quietly by the stock ticker that sat on top of his mas-sive desk The mahogany desk was clean except for the brass-basedticker a single pad of paper a pencil and a matching pair ofmahogany in- and out-boxes

By now the office was fully staffed Six markers were up on theboards wearing alpaca jackets so they would not smear the chalksymbols Each board marker wore earphones and had a mouth-piece They were connected directly to the floor of the New YorkStock Exchange Each had a domain of stocks or commodities toadminister The ticker began to click spitting out a strip of paperlike a white snakeskin with perforated scalesmdashthe symbols of mostof the companies in the United States These stock symbols repre-sented much of the wealth of the country

For Livermore reading the ticker tape was like reading thenewspaper He knew all the symbols by heart and he had anexceptional mathematical brain that could remember all thequotes just as a good bridge player can remember all the cards that



have been played To be doubly sure he watched his board crew asthe markers began to move under Dachersquos supervision filling thelength of the chalkboard with trades Today he paid particularattention to his stock holdings Livermore could look up at theboard and instantly calculate to the dollar where his overall portfo-lio stood There was silence in the office aside from the sounds ofthe tickers and the chalk on the boards There was always silencein the Livermore trading room when the market was open Therewas no need for idle chatter when the market was open and all theboard men knew it

Today Livermorersquos total profits plus equity were pushing $100million This did not change his expression The main office phonerang again He motioned for Dache not to answer the call He didnot want to be bothered by another threatening call now that themarket was open The calls broke his concentration he hadnothing to say to anyone and he did not want to hear from anyoneWith the market open he was like a wolf on the prowl He couldonly concentrate on what he was doing Every 1 percent move upor down in his portfolio meant he made or lost $1 million

The slightest loss of attention could cost him millions of dollarsIt was exactly the way he loved to trademdashevery fiber of his beingwas alive Nothing else existed but the tape The tape would tellhim everything if he was smart enough to read it find the hiddenclues and act on them He was fighting the two great emotions ofthe stock market fear and greed He had a huge bet on the table

That night he went home to Kingrsquos Point and found his wifeDorothy and two sons Paul and Jesse Jr gone The paintings hadbeen taken down some of the Persian rugs were gone and the sil-ver had disappeared He went up to the safe on the second floorwhere Dorothy kept her jewelsmdasha fabulous collection mostlyfrom Harry Winston and Van Cleef and Arpels All gone



He went into the kitchen and found the four cooks and twobutlers working preparing dinner for the family

ldquoWhere are Mrs Livermore and the boysrdquo he askedldquoThey have moved into the chauffeursrsquo apartments sirrdquo the

main butler answered ldquoWe have all heard about the great crashWe are very sorry Mr Livermorerdquo

Livermore stared at them for a few seconds expressionless andwalked to the apartments above the car stables There were twochauffeurs one for Dorothy or ldquoMousierdquo as he called her andone for himself or ldquoJLrdquo as he liked to be called The car stableswere attached to the great stone mansion He walked into the liv-ing room of the apartment stepping over the rolled-up carpets andaround the priceless works of art and antique furniture Dorothysat on the couch with the two boys They were fully dressed intheir best clothes

ldquoMousie whatrsquos going on What are you doingrdquoldquoWe heard Irsquom very sorry JLrdquo she repliedldquoWhat are you talking aboutrdquoldquoWe heard that everybody has gone broke in the crash It has

been on the radio all day Men jumping out of windows shootingthemselves in their offices disappearing Some of my girlfriendscalled Irsquom so sorry JLrdquo

He looked at her Long seconds passed She was beautiful sittingthere with the two handsome boys one on each side her jewelryin a special leather case next to her

She was his opposite effusive full of life funny instinctive Atrue social animal who was at her best in the middle of a crowd ofpeople She would blurt out whatever was on her mind She was agreat natural comedian and the best part was that she did notmake jokes on purpose In fact she was often confused as to whypeople were laughing



Jesse

LIVERMOREWORLDrsquoS

GREATEST

STOCK

TRADER

Richard Smitten

JOHN WILEY amp SONS INCNew York bull Chichester bull Weinheim bull Brisbane bull Singapore bull Toronto

8467_Smitten_fm_aqxd 08142001 332 PM Page i



















Contents






















Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









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PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT

























































































Contents






















Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT


















































































Contents






















Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT
















































































Contents






















Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT















































































Contents






















Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT








































































Contents






















Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT







































































Contents






















Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT

















































































Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT







































































Preface


Niccolo Machiavelli














bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT














































































bull x bull PREFACE











Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT
















































































Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT








































































Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT







































































Acknowledgments









chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT








































































chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT







































































chapter one














































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT













































































































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT





































































































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT





























































































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT






















































































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT















































































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT







































































PIVOTAL STOCKS HIT









































































































































































































































































































































































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047121728x - download.e-bookshelf.dedownload.e-bookshelf.de/...G-0000583188-0002384026.pdf · largest steel company, Arthur Cutten, the greatest wheat spec- ... speculator 8467_Smitten_fm_a