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ApplicationApplication ofofsteelsteel slagslag
aggregateaggregate inin roadroadconstructionconstruction
Task 3.2 leader Ana Mladenovi, ZAGDarko Kokot, ZAG
Zvonko Coti, Primorje d.d.
Loris Bianco, Ferriere Nord, S.p.A.
Safwat Said, VTI
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IMPORTANT TO KNOW!Slag is a broad term for a particular waste
product in the field of metallurgy.
Just its name DOES NOT TELL US
ANYTHING about the properties of thismaterial.
Black steel slag Siemens-Martin slag.
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THE RESEARCH PROJECT
SPENS - Sustainable Pavements for European NewMember States (2006-2009)
WP 3 - Improvement of pavement structure
Task 3.2 - Sustainable road construction processesthat include recycling of materials and use ofindustrial by-products
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AGENDA
Origin of steel slag in electric arc furnaceand the production of aggregate
Test field on a regional roadTest field on a main road
Test field on the A1 motorway
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ORIGIN OF SLAG
Steel scrap
Lime
Electric Arc Furnace
Steel products
Liquid slag
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Some facts about using steel slag in Europe
About 150 - 200 kg of slag per 1 ton of steel occur.
Nearly 12 million tons of steel slag are producedannually in the Europe.
About 65 % is used in different applications, mainlyas aggregate in road construction.
Some of this aggregate is used as a high-quality
aggregate in wearing courses (replacing vulcanicaggregate).
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Average chemical composition of
steel slag
+ small quantities of other oxides.
4-12MgO:
5-7Al2O3:
6-9Fe2O3:
5-12SiO2:20-35CaO:
30-40FeO:
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Quenching of slag
Quenching of freshslag
(artificial magma)
Quenching of cooledslag (15 days)
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Products
8/11 mm4/8 mm
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Characteristics of aggregates
Not relevantVery lowRadioactivity
Not relevantVery lowEluates
Not relevant1.6Volume stability
2.83.8Bulk density
0.70.5Water absorption
0.00.0Frost resistance (F)
0.30.0Frost resistance (MS)
5761Polish stone value (PSV)
98Resistance to abrasion (MD)
1616Resistance to fragment. (LA)
Natural aggr.Slag aggr.Parameter
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Comparison between microtextures
The microtexture ofvolcanic aggregate
The microtexture of slag
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AGENDA
Origin of slag in EAF and production ofaggregate
Test field on a regional road
Test field on a main road
Test field on the A1 motorway
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Purpose of the test fields
Determination of long term behaviour of
the wearing course with slag in acontinental climate.
Geting experience about the use of slagin road construction with regard to
engineering and environmentalperformance.
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Test section on a regional road
Location: NW Slovenia, near Tolmin
Location: Idrijsko- Pereti
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Bird's-eye view of the test field
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First test field with slag in Slovenia!
Annual average daily traffic: 4000
Date of reconstruction: 6.6.2007, replacing thewearing course
Type of asphalt: AC 11 (asphalt concrete)Width: 6 m
Length: 300 m
Thickness of asphalt layer: 4 cm
Test section on a regional road
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Construction of the test field
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Characterization of the asphalt layers
5.4163
Asphalt with
natural aggregate
5.5156
Asphalt with slagaggregate
SOLUBLE BINDER
CONTENT (mas %)
SAMPLE
T (C)
SAMPLE
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2.600
Asphalt with naturalaggregate
3.124
Asphalt with slag
aggregate
Density (Mg/m3)
HOT MIX ASPHALT
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Equipment: SCRIMTEX measuring device
Date of measurement: November 7th 2007
SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS
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Comparison of the skid resistance
of both lanes
The levels of skid resistance are similar on both lanes!
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AGENDA
Origin of slag in EAF and production of
aggregateTest field on a regional road
Test field on a main roadTest field on the A1 motorway
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Test field with surface dressingLocation: the main road Unik - Plave
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A close-up view
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Method of construction
One lane withsurface dressingusingconventional
natural aggregate(silicate 4/8 mm)
One lane withsurface dressingusing slagaggregate from
Ferriere Nord (4/8mm)
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AGENDA
Origin of slag in EAF and production
of aggregateTest field on a regional road
Test field on a main road
Test field on the A1 motorway
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Bird's-eye view of the test field
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Test field on the A1 motorway
Annual average daily traffic: 30.000
Date of construction: 28.4.2008, onlyreplacing the wearing course
Width: 6 m
Length: 100 m
Thickness of asphalt layer: 4 cm
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Test field on the A1 motorway
Type of asphalt: SMA 11 PmB 45/80-65
A2
Aggregate: slag aggregate from
ACRONI (2/4, 4/8, 8/11 mm)+
limestone aggregate from the Lae
quarry (0/2 mm).
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Construction of the test field
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Construction of the test field
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Asphalt - resistance to wheel tracking
0.03 mm/10003.3 %
SIST EN 12697-22SIST EN 12697-22
Wheel-tracking
slope WTSAIR
Rut depth
PRDAIR
Excellent results!
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Asphalt low temperature test
5.29 256.31 10
2.07+ 5
0.59+ 20
Tensile
strength
(MPa)
T (C)
Tension test
3.90Failure stress (MPa)
- 32.57Failure T (C)
Cooling test
6,12 MPa at
13.9 CTension
strength
reserve
Excellent results!
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Texture measurement
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Texture measurementSeptember 2008 versus March 2009
Test field on motorway A1 - Two measurements - Texture SMTD (mm)
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
9000 9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 9400 9450 9500
Chainage (m)
SMTD(
m
m
)
SMTD_Sep'08 SMTD_Mar'09 Steel slag Crushed stone
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Conclusions
Further work
Monitoring of all the test fields.
Focus mainly on surface (safety) characteristics.
Performance of asphalt concrete during servicelife.
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