01_Mine Geotechnics - Supandi - Introduction

SUPANDI, ST, [email protected]

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL (STTNAS) YOGYAKARTA.SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL (STTNAS) YOGYAKARTA.

September 2011

INTRODUCTION

MINE GEOTECHNICAL

STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Oct - 2010

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GEOTEKNIK TAMBANG

Jurusan : Teknik GeologiProdi : Teknik Pertambangan Strata 1.Kode : AS7446PMata Kuliah : Geoteknik TambangSKS : 2 SKSSemester : VIIWaktu Perkuliahan : 2 x 50 menitDosen Pengampu : Supandi – ST. MTSistem Perkuliahan : Penilaian : a. Tugas, presentasi dan Diskusi, Quiz,

20% b. Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)

30% c. Ujian akhir semester (UAS) 50%

Range Nilai : 0-20,9 = E ; 21-44 = D ; 45-60.9 = C ; 61 – 80 = B ; 81 – 100 = A

Contact Person : [email protected]


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Textbook1. John Read and Peter Stacey, 2009, Guidelines fr Open

Pit Slope Design, CRC Press.2. William A Hustrulid, Michael K.McCarter and Dirk J.A Van

Zyl, 2000, Slope Stability in Surface Mining, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.

3. Ducan C Wyllie & Christopher W Mah, 2007-4th Edition, Rock Slope Engineering, Spon Press.

4. Charles A Kliche, 1999, Rock Slope Stability, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.

5. E. Hoek & J.W Bray, 1994, Rock Slope Engineering, Institute of Mining and Metalurgy.

6. Roy E. Hunt, 2007, Geotechnical Investigation Methods, CRC Press.

7. Roy E Hunt, 2007, Geologic Hazards, CRC Press.

STTNAS Yogyakarta2010 Sept- 2011

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Textbook1. John Read and Peter Stacey, 2009, Guidelines fr Open

Pit Slope Design, CRC Press.2. William A Hustrulid, Michael K.McCarter and Dirk J.A Van

Zyl, 2000, Slope Stability in Surface Mining, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.

3. Ducan C Wyllie & Christopher W Mah, 2007-4th Edition, Rock Slope Engineering, Spon Press.

4. Charles A Kliche, 1999, Rock Slope Stability, Society for Mining Mettalurgy and Exploration Inc.

5. E. Hoek & J.W Bray, 1994, Rock Slope Engineering, Institute of Mining and Metalurgy.

6. Roy E. Hunt, 2007, Geotechnical Investigation Methods, CRC Press.

7. Roy E Hunt, 2007, Geologic Hazards, CRC Press.


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MINE GEOTECHNICAL

INTRODUCTION

SUPANDI. ST. MT

STTNAS YOGYAKARTA


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Outline of this Lecture1. Cover these main themes

What is Mining Geotechnics Geotechnical Investigation & Knowledge Knowledge & Risk

2. Mining Geotechnics3. Impact of uncertainty & percentage sampling4. Impact of Mine Scale5. Approach to Investigation & Design6. Stages of project development & Geotechnical input7. Levels of accuracy8. Objectives, coast and knowledge


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Geotechnical Engineering and Mine Slope Design

Multitude of Generic TermRock Mechanics, Soil Mechanics, Geomechanics,

Geotechnical Engineering, Geotechnology, Engineering Geology, Hydrolgeology, Groundwater, Geological

Engineering, Slope Stabilityetc


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Geotechnical Engineering and Mine Slope Design

• Application of scientific methods and engineering principles to the materials of the earth’s crust for the solution of engineering problems.

• Geologically based science.• Fundamental corner stone of all mine slope design is

geology.• Success with mine design depends on the ability to

understand the geology.• In particular, the pattern, subtleties and variations


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ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN MINE SLOPE

DESIGN


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TRADITIONALLY SURFACE MINE

1. TWO GERENARL SUBSIVISIONS Hardrock Softrock

2. “….all geotechnical materials are part of one continuous spectrum”

3. “…one continuous sciences extending from soft soil to hardrock. All geotechnical material behave according to the sama engineering principles, with obvious differences a function of degree rather than fundamental nature (Johnson 1991).


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Applicability in Surface Mine


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Uncertainty and Percentage Sampling

1. “ Uncertainty will always be the essence of Geology”2. Ideal Words – 100% exposure of the fresh rock covering

the whole mine.3. In Practice

Good outcrops are rare Deep weathering in common. Surficial cover of younger soil/rocks ; alluvium,

colluviums, glacial deposits and sedimentary rock. Mountainous terrain and difficult process. Extensive vegetation cover.


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Uncertainty and Percentage SamplingThe Reality

1. Mining geotechnics for slope design• Percentage sampling <1%.• Smaller than probably any other facet of mine design.

2. Mine Design targets• Overall slope angles about 1 – 3 degree.

3. Only possible to meet these targets with good geological model

4. What constitutes a good geological model“Vision is concerned with making observation such as :

measurements, observations of from and pattern, Vision is perception; an awareness of the significance of the observation and insight or intuition. We live and work with limited vision.


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Geotechnical and Geological Complexity


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Impact of Complexity on Risk and Ability to Define Geotechnical and Geological Conditions Adequately


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Faulting at Inpit Crusher


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Ulan Coal Mine – Simple Geology


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Impact Mine Scale


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Impact of Mine Scale on Geological Complexity Risk and Geological Model


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Muswellbrook Coal Mine

Hunter Valley


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Tom Price Iron Mine WA


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Bougainville Copper MineSolomon Insland


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Woodlawn Lead Zinc Mine NSW


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Small Gold Mine WA


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Impact of Mine Scale1. As mine scale increases, either in term of area covered of

volume of material to be excavated the geological complexity usually increases.

2. As scale and geological complexity increase; Geotechnical conditions may or not worsen But number of factors to be addressed or considered

usually increases significantly.3. Mine Scale affected both The reliance that must be placed on the geological model. The scale of the geotechnical investigations4. Small Scale Few specific geotechnical boreholes will often suffice5. Medium to Large scale Not economically or practically feasible to investigate to

the same level. Therefore must rely on the geological model.


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Impact of Mine Depth


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CONCLUSION Mining Geotechnics – Geological Based sciences. Geology is the cornerstone. Geotechnical investigations for Mining.

o Uncertainty and percentage sampling.o Geology complexityo Impact of mine scale – depth and areal extento Stages of Mine Development.

STAGES OF MINE DEVLOPMENT AND LEVELOF ACCURACY


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ANY QUESTION

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01_Mine Geotechnics - Supandi - Introduction