1

Dehydration synthesis

HO H

Short polymer(6 monomers)

HO H

Monomer

HO

A little longer polymer(7 monomers)

H H2ONew covalent bond!

Making polymers from monomers2

Hydrolysis

HO H

Shorter polymer

HO H

Monomer

HO

Polymer

H + H2O

Breaking polymers into monomers

3Glucose - a monosaccharide

C

C

C

C

C

C

O

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

H

H

HH 🙂

4How monosaccharides join to form polysaccharides

🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂

5

H

OOCN C H

H

H

R

Amino acid

🐶🐱🐭🐹🐼 🦁🐸🐺🐦 🦋🐌

🦀 🦂🐙🐳

🌲🌼🍄🐡

🌵

20 different amino acids in life

6How amino acids join to form proteins

🐹 🐼 🦁🐦 🦋 🐌

7Chain of amino acids

Final folded protein

A protein won’t function until it folds up

into its final shape

8DNA has A, C, G, TRNA has A, C, G, U

Nitrogenous bases:

Nucleotide = sugar + phosphate group + nitrogenous base

9

How nucleotides join to form nucleic acids

10

ATP: A nucleotide with three

phosphate groups

11

C CC

CC C

OOH

First step in fat synthesis:A fatty acid binds to glycerol

Glycerol

C

C

C

HO

HO

HO

H

H

H

H

H

Fatty acid 12

Steroid molecule

One fat molecule = glycerol bonded to three fatty acids