01 Ct81411en01gla0 Umts Overview

7/31/2019 01 Ct81411en01gla0 Umts Overview

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© Nokia Siemens Networks CT81411EN01GLA0

Overview of UMTS Technology & Its

EvolutionWCDMA Customized Training for CSSC




Module Objectives

• Get basic understanding of mobile networks as well as 3G

• Identify the motivation factors for 3G

• Understand the evolution of 2G, UMTS, HSPA, LTE and theirbenefits




Module Contents

• Cellular System

• UMTS

• LTE

• Mobile Technologies Comparison




Module Contents

• Cellular System

• UMTS

• LTE





1

4 5

7 8

9

6

1

4 5

7 8

9

6

1

4 5

7 8

9

6

1

4 5

7 8

9

6

Principle of Cellular Systems

Advantage:

• Capacity

• Roaming

• Handover

1980-2000Growth Sales of

Cellular Networks

> 50% / year

Country System Frequency Range Year of Introduction

USA AMPS 800 1979

Japan NTT-MTS 800 1979

Scandinavia NMT 450, 900 1981-86

Great Britain TACS 900 1985

Germany C450 450 1985




Signal Quality

Distance to BS

Digital Signal

Analogue Signal

Advantages of Digital Data Transmission

• Network Capacity: Speech Compression

• Supplementary Service: Signaling

• Cost: Production, Operation, Maintenance• Miniaturization: Micro Electronics

• Transmission Quality: Easy to Regenerate

• Security: Easy to Cipher

Cipher

Module

Cipher

Sequence

Input Data

(original)

Output Data

(ciphered)

“I love you”

“사랑해”


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Phase 1Phase 2Phase 1

Phase 2+Phase 2Phase 1

Services

Year1991 1995 1997

Full Rate Speech (FR),Standard servicesData: max. 9.6 kbit/s

New services e.g.MTPy, CUG, AoC;Half Rate Speech (HR)

New services e.g.ASCI, SOR, UUSEFR;IN: CAMEL

Data: HSCSD, GPRS,EDGE (> 100 kbit/s)Annual Releases !

Downward compatibility

MTPy:CUG:AoC:ASCI:SOR:UUS:

EFR:IN:CAMEL:

HSCSD:GPRS:EDGE:

Multiparty ServiceClosed User GroupAdvice of ChargeAdvanced Speech Call ItemsSupport of Optimal RoutingUser to User Signalling

Enhanced Full Rate SpeechIntelligent NetworkCustomized Applications forMobile network Enhanced LogicHigh Speed Circuit Switched DataGeneral Packet Radio ServiceEnhanced Data Rates for the GSMEvolution

GSM Evolutionary Concept

http://3gpp.org/article/functionality-in-early-gsm



Data Rate (kbps)

S e r v

i c e s

10 100 1000 10000

Voice

Email

Database Access Information Service

Tele-banking Financial Services

Electronic Newspaper, Image/Sound Files

Tele-shopping

Video-telephony

Video Conferences

3G Services Required Data Rates

UMTS offers flexible anddynamic data rates:

8 – 2000 kbps



Module Contents

• Cellular System

• UMTS

• LTE




UMTS

3GPP Organizational Partners

Organization Base region

Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) Japan

Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) USA

China Communications Standards Association (CCSA) China

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Europe

Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) Korea

Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) Japan

3GPP Organizational Partners

To attend a 3GPP meeting, you must be a3GPP Individual Member (i.e. you must be

a Member of one of the OrganizationalPartners involved in the project;

1. ARIB,

2. CCSA,

3. ETSI,

4. ATIS,

5. TTA or

6. TTC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Radio_Industries_and_Businesses

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Telecommunications_Industry_Solutions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication_Technology_Committee

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication_Technology_Committee






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Telecommunications_Industry_Solutions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Radio_Industries_and_Businesses



FrequencyTimePN code

FDMATDMACDMA

frequency f

time t

power

TS 1

TS 2

TS 3

TDMA

frequency f

time t

power

1 2 3

FDMA

frequency f

time t

power

1

2

3

CDMA Multiplexmethod

BS & MS with commonknow-how regarding:

P

P P

For coordinating limited frequencyresources to different users




Rel 99( = Rel 3)

Rel 4 Rel 5Rel 98(EGPRS)

RAN

CO

RE

UTRANQoS

HSDPA

VoIPMGW

QoSIMS

Rel 6

HSUPA

Evolution of UMTS




Evolution of UMTS (Continued)

Rel 7 Rel 8 Rel 9Rel 6

RAN

CO

RE

HSPA+Rel 7

SAEDirectTunnel

HSPA+ Rel 8,LTE

…

HSPA+ Rel 9,LTE Rel 9




UMTS Release 99 Environment

Core Network:

Same as GSM/GPRS/EDGE

Radio Access Network:

• User Equipment (UE) = Mobile phone + USIM

• Node B – Base station supporting WCDMA• Radio Network Controller (RNC) – Controller in 3G RAN

Iur interface:

Unlike 2G, Iur exists between neighbouring RNCs.




UMTS Release 99 Air Interface

• Bandwidth:

Large 5 MHz .

• FDD:

Simultaneous transmit and receive using different band.

• WCDMA

– Spreading: creating signal through unique user code to create multiplebandwidth.

– Dispreading: re-obtaining original signal by correlating signal with usercode.




HSPA or HSxPA

Consists of:

• HSDPA = High Speed Downlink Packet Access

– Introduced in Release 5

– Up to 14.4 Mbps in downlink

• HSUPA = High Speed Uplink Packet Access

– Introduced in Release 6

– Up to 5.76 Mbps in uplink




HSxPA Motivation and General Principle

Improved performance and spectral efficiency in DL and UL by introducing a shared channelprinciple:

• Significant enchancement with peak rates up to 14.4 Mbps (28 Mbps in Rel7) inDL, and 2 Mbps (11.5 Mbps with 16QAM) in UL

• Huge capacity increase per site; no site pre-planning necessary

• Improved end user experience: reduced delay/latency, high response time

HSDPA (3GPP Rel5)

Fast pipe is shared among UEs

HSUPA (3GPP Rel6)

Dedicated pipe for every UE in ULPipe (codes and grants) changingwith timeE-DCH scheduling

Rel. 99

Dedicated pipe for every UE

http://www.computercloset.mtu.edu/wadslocation.html

http://www.computercloset.mtu.edu/wadslocation.html




HSDPA

• Introduced in Release 5.

• Can coexist with non-HSDPA in the same cell.

• Improve downlink direction. Uplink still relies on Rel '99.

Advantages:

• Higher data rate: up to 14.4 Mbps with practical rate 10.8Mbps.

• Reduce latency: – especially with TCP Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance.

– Retransmission and HARQ in Node B.• Spectral efficiency: TTI=2ms schedule of shared channels.




HSDPA Overview

15 CodeShared

transmission

16QAMModulation

TTI = 2 ms Hybrid ARQwith incr. redundancy

Fast LinkAdaptation

AdvancedScheduling

Benefit

Higher Downlink Peak rates: 14 MbpsHigher Capacity: +100-200%Reduced Latency: ~75 ms




HSUPA

• Introduced in Release 6.

• Improve uplink direction. Rely on HSDPA in downlink.

Advantages:

• Higher data rate: up to 5.76 Mbps with practical rate 1.44

Mbps in first version.• Reduce latency: retransmission request by Node B.

• Increased coverage and capacity: efficient handling of uplinkinterference problem.




HSUPA Overview

TTI = 2 or10 ms1-4 CodeMulti-Code

transmission

FastPower Control

Hybrid ARQwith incr. redundancy

NodeBControlledScheduling

BenefitHigher Uplink Peak rates: 5.76 Mbps

Higher Capacity: +50-100%Reduced Latency: ~50-75 ms




Improved Performance with HSUPA

User data rate

Round trip

time, delays

Cell throughput

Coverage

20 – 100% improvementdepending on the channelconditions

Round trip timeapproximately 50

milliseconds Cell throughput improved by20 – 50%

Coverage gain 0.5 – 1.5dB




HSPA+

• Also called Evolved HSPA (eHSPA), HSPA Evolution

• Corresponds to HSPA in Release 7 and later

• Some key features: – MIMO

– 64QAM in downlink

– 16QAM in uplink

– Direct tunnel

– etc.




HSPA+ Features and Benefits

HSPA+ is not only about the peak data rates!

Extended battery time

Continuous connectivity

Peak data rate improvements

Continuous Packet Connectivity(DTX/DRX)

CS voice over HSPA

HS-FACH, HS-RACH

Cell throughput and typicalthroughput improvements

System capacity, E2E andarchitecture efficiency

64QAM DL, MIMO2x2, DC-HSPA,16QAM UL

Flexible RLC in DL and UL

SRNS Relocation Enhancement,Enhancement for HSPA Arch.

Faster set-up times

3GPP Rel7/Rel8 item Impact on end userexperience




HSPA Data Rate Evolution

Performance with 2x2 MIMO and 16QAM for Rel 7

With 2x2 MIMO and 64QAM for Rel 8

With 2x2 MIMO, 64QAM and dual cell for Rel 9

14 Mbps

0.4 Mbps

14 Mbps

5.7 Mbps

28 Mbps

11 Mbps

3GPP Rel5 3GPP Rel6 3GPP Rel7 3GPP Rel8

42 Mbps

11 Mbps

84 Mbps

22 Mbps

3GPP Rel9




Module Contents

• Cellular System

• UMTS

• LTE





LTE

Long Term Evolution

• Only packet switched

• Intend to coexist with existing 2G/3G/HSPA networks

• Major changes to:

– Air interface

– Network architecture: SAE (System Architecture Evolution)

•Improved Radio Principles:

– peak data rates [Mbps ]: 173 DL , 58 UL

– Scalable BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz

– Short latency: 10 – 20 ms

OFDMA




LTE Principles

Access Core Control

LTE BTS(eNodeB)

MME/GW IMS HLR/HS

S

New Architecture

• Flat Architecture: 2-node architecture

• PS Core Network optimized

• No CS Core Network

Improved Radio Principles

• peak data rates [Mbps ]: 173 DL , 57 UL

• Scalable Carrier Bandwidth:

• 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz

• Short latency: 10 – 20 ms

• 2 - 4 times better spectral efficiency that HSPARel. 6

New Interfaces Design

• Simplified Protocol Stack

• Simple, more efficient QoS

• IP network layer

RAN GWMME

eUtran

RF Modulation:

• OFDMA in DL

• SC-FDMA in UL




Module Contents

• Cellular System

• UMTS

• LTE





Phase 1

Phase 2

Rel. ‘96 Rel. ‘97

Rel. ‘98 Rel. ‘99

Rel. 4Rel. 5

Rel. 3

Phase 2+

UMTS

GSM

Rel. 6Rel. 7

Voice

Data~9.6kbps

ISDNSupp.Services

New Supp. Services

Data: HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE

Flexible Services: CAMEL, MExE

WCDMA Bearer Indp.Signaling

LCR-TDD

IMS

HSDPA

I-WLAN

GAN

HSUPA

HSPA+

PCC

Rel. 8

LTE

OFDMA

C a p a b

i l i t i e s

t

GSM and UMTS Evolution

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation




1st Generation(1G)

2nd Generation(2G)

3rd Generation(3G)

4th Generation(4G)

Timeframe 1950s – mid 1990s 1990s – 2020s (?) 2001 – (?) 2010 onwards

Technology NMT, AMPS GSM, D-AMPS

(USA), PDC(Japan)

IMT-2000, UMTS,

CDMA2000, MobileWiMAX

IMT-advanced

Standards Mostly proprietary,domestic

A number of closedstandards

A number of openstandards

Integration ofheterogeneousstandards

Bandwidth(theoretical)

Initially < 10 kbps

Evolved to > 50

kbps

Initially < 2 Mbps

Evolved to 40

Mbps

100 Mbps mobile

1 Gbps nomadic

Analog/Digital Analog radio,analog/digitalnetwork

Digital Digital Digital

CS/PS Circuit Switched Circuit Switched Circuit and PacketSwitched

“All IP”

Cell Radius In the 100 km

range

Kilometers Meters to

Kilometers

Centimeters to

Kilometers

Roaming Basic (nationalscope)

Advanced(continental scope)

Global (withinsame technology)

Global (intertechnology)

Services Speech Speech, some data(SMS, MMS, WAP)

Speech, data, web-portals, LBS

Any IP-basedservices






•Release 96

•14.4 kbit/s User Data Rate

•ASCI Phase 1 - Enhanced Multi-* Level Precedence andPre-emption Service -* phase 1

•ASCI Phase 1 - Voice Broadcast Service (VBS) - phase 1

•ASCI Phase 1 - Voice Group Call Service (VGCS) - phase1

•Barred Dialling Numbers

•CAMEL phase 1

•Compression of User Data

•Concurrent SMS/CB and data transfer in 07.05

•Explicit Call Transfer (ECT)

•Extensions to the SMS alphabet

•Fast Moving Mobile - Hierarchical Cell structure, GSM05.22

•Handsfree MS

•High Speed Circuit Switched Data

•Improved Transcoder Handling (First Alternative)

•Inclusion of deferred tracing capabilities in GSM 12.08

•ME Personalisation

•Network Identity and Time Zone (NITZ)

•Packet Data on Signalling Channels•Radio Local Loop (RLL) using GSM

•Second SMS broadcast channel

•Service Dialling Numbers

•SIM Application Toolkit

•SIM I/F data Transfer Speed Enhancement

•SMS - Special SMS Message indication

•SMS Interworking Extensions

•Support of additional call set-up MMI procedures

•Support of Optimal Routeing (SOR)

•Support of Restricted Digital Information and V.120 rate

adaptation in GSM

Release 97

A-bis Management of Alarms/faults on the BTS site

A-bis Management of Measure on the BTS site

A-bis Management of reconfiguration of BTS site

ASCI Phase 2

Calling Name Presentation - US (CNAP-US)

CAMEL phase 2

Characteristics and test methods for handsfree mobilestation

Completion of Calls to Busy Subscriber (CCBS)

Enhancement of MAP Extensibility Mechanisms

Enhancements of Fault Management Services

General Packet Radio Service Phase 1 (GPRS) -network part

General Packet Radio Service Phase 1 (GPRS) - radiopart

Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation (MAFA)

Modeling of Fault Management Services

Network Indication of Alerting in the MS

New Multiplexing Protocol on the ME-TE Interface

North American Equal Access

SIM - Security mechanisms for the SIM Application ToolkitSMS enhancements phase 1

SMS Mobile Busy

Support of Private Numbering Plan (SPNP)

Support of Shared Interworking Function (SIWF)

Release 98

BTS performance requirements for very small cell scenarios(Picocells)

Access to auxiliary devices, integrated into the ME platform,through the use of the SIM

Application Toolkit

Access to ISPs and Intranets in GPRS Phase 2 – Separation ofGPRS Bearer Establishment and ISP Service EnvironmentSetup

Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)

Call DeflectionCall Forwarding Enhancements (CFE)

Calling line identification enhancements (CLIe)

Connecting an octet stream to a port on an Internet host (R98)

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) - BSS Part

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) - NSS Part

Enhanced QoS Support in GPRS

Follow Me

Fraud Information Gathering System(FIGS)

General Packet Radio Service Phase 2 (GPRS) - networkpart1

General Packet Radio Service Phase 2 (GPRS) - radio part1

GPRS for PCS1900

GPRS Mobile IP Interworking

GSM - Cordless Telephony System (CTS)

GSM Mobile Number Portability (EURO) MNP

GSM-API for SIM-Toolkit

Harmonization of the PCS1900 Standards with the GSM BaseSpecification

Immediate Service Termination (IST)

LAPDm performance enhancement

Lawful Interception (LI)

Location Services (LCS)

Mobile Station Execution Environment (MExE)

Modem and ISDN interworking for GPRS

MS Antenna Test Method

Multiple Subscriber Profile (MSP)

Service Provider Number Portability (USA)

Support of Localized Service Area (SoLSA)

Tandem Free Operation of speech codecs in Mobile-to-MobileCalls (MMCs)

Unstructured octet stream GPRS PDP Type (R98)

User-to-User Signalling (UUS)

USSD Enhancements

1 Comprises sub-work items in the same table having "GPRS"i th i titl

http://3gpp.org/article/functionality-in-early-gsm

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01 Ct81411en01gla0 Umts Overview