0. Temario Ciencias Psicosociales 2012-2013

7/23/2019 0. Temario Ciencias Psicosociales 2012-2013

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@mcn`mhs \sm`ksk`mhfcs

\rkocskr Gr. B ks Ihnucf \rrhdh Pn`acz Gcphrthicntk gc Cnocricrh. SNCQ8

ngm`c gc tcihsSnmghg Wcitm`h M2 @mcn`mhs psm`ksk`mhfcs hpfm`hghs2 @kn`cptks Esm`ks

Snmghg Wcitm`h MMM2 Oh`tkrcs psm`ksk`mhfcs gcf cnocrihr auihnk2Cstrhtcdmhs gc Mntcrvcn`mn

Snmghg Wcitm`h M_2 @kiunm`h`mn

Hncxk 82 Whffcr gc @kunscffmnd............................................................... 8


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@MCN@MHP \PM@KPK@MHFCP H\FM@HGHP2@KN@C\WKP EPM@KP

8. Mntrkgu``mn h fhs @mcn`mhs \sm`ksk`mhfcs hpfm`hghs h fh shfug5. @mcn`mhs \sm`ksk`mhfcs y cnocricrh

0. H`tmtugcs7. \crsknhfmghg3. Iktmvh`mn?. \sm`kfkdh Pk`mhf2 Oh`tkrcs sk`mkùfturhfcs quc mnofuycn cn cf `kipkrthimcntk

auihnk

MNWUKGS@@MN

Fh mntcrvcn`mn psm`k)sk`mhf gcec scr cntcngmgh `kik cf `knbuntk gc h`tmvmghgcs gmrmdmghs hhyughr h fh pcrsknh& ohimfmh k drupk& h ah`cr orcntc h fks `hiemks y h fhs `rmsms gc unh ihncrhhghpthtmvh& h pktcn`mhr fks rcùrsks gc fh prkpmh pcrsknh y h utmfmzhr fhs cxpcrmcn`mhs vmthfcs `kikcfcicntks gc `rc`mimcntk pcrsknhf.

Gc hùcrgk `kn csth gcomnm`mn& fh mntcrvcn`mn psm`k)sk`mhf sc ffcvh h `hek h trhvs gc gkstmpks gc h`tuh`mn cspcòm`h2 cf hscskrhimcntk y cf hpkyk.Cf hscskrhimcntk mn`fuyc fhs h``mkncs gmrmdmghs h prkpkr`mknhr mnokrih`mn cn rcfh`mn `kn

hqucffks hspc`tks rcfcvhntcs phrh fh shfug y cf `knokrt osm`k y psm`kfdm`k gc fh pcrsknh. Hsmimsik&fh cnschnzh gc t`nm`hs& prk`cgmimcntks& okrihs gc hutkùmghgk k ùmghgk h fks gcis !cn cfdrupk ohimfmhrcs ktrh gc fhs ikghfmghgcs quc tkih cf hscskrhimcntk `kik mntcrvcn`mn gcfprkocsmknhf shnmthrmk. Gcec `knsmgcrhrsc fh mipkrthn`mh gc csth okrih gc h`tuh`mn prkocsmknhf pkr fhhyugh quc smdnmom`h phrh fh shtmsoh``mn nk sfk gc fhs nc`csmghgcs mipfm`hghs cn cf h`tk mnicgmhtk mnokrih`mn k cnschnzh)& smnk quc hgcis shtmsoh`cn ktrh okrih mipf`mth& thfcs `kik scdurmghg&cstmih& `kiunm`h`mn& ct`.

Cf hpkyk pucgc scr gc tmpk cik`mknhf k ihtcrmhf& stc ftmik thiemn gcnkimnhgkmnstruicnthf. Fh gmstmn`mn sc ah`c nc`cshrmh pkr ùhntk fhs h`tuh`mkncs quc mipfm`h skn gmocrcntcs.

Cf hpkyk ihtcrmhf k mnstruicnthf `knsmstc cn prkpkr`mknhr h fh pcrsknh hqucffks icgmks k

cfcicntks nc`cshrmks phrh fh `kiprcnsmn gc un ocnicnk y phrh pkncr cn ihràh h`tuh`mkncshghpthtmvhs !pkr cb.& prkpkr`mknhr cfcicntks gc hnfmsms gc fh smtuh`mn k gc fks scntmimcntks&pcnshimcntks k `kipkrthimcntks prkefcitm`ks phrh fh pcrsknh& hyughr cn fh esqucgh gchftcrnhtmvhs vmhefcs& ghngk skfu`mkncs rchfmsths y pksmemfmthngk su pucsth cn ihràh: okicnthr fhphrtm`mph`mn h`tmvh gc fh pcrsknh k imcierk gcf drupk ohimfmhr cn fhs gc`msmkncs skerc sus ùmghgks&ct`.-.

\kr ktrk fhgk cf hpkyk cik`mknhf `kiprcngc h``mkncs gc hyugh& iktmvh`mn y rcoucrzk qucsmrvhn gc skpkrtc cik`mknhf h fh pcrsknh y fc hyugcn h coc`tuhr fks `hiemks nc`cshrmks phrh suhgcùh`mn h fh smtuh`mn)prkefcih !pkr cb.& pcrimtmr y pktcn`mhr fh cxprcsmn gc scntmimcntks ypcnshimcntks prkefcitm`ks phrh fh pcrsknh: hpkyk cn cf prk`csk gc `rc`mimcntk pcrsknhf&rcokrzhngk pksmtmvhicntc fks `kipkrthimcntks gmrmdmgks hf gcshrrkffk gcf hutk`knk`mimcntk y gc fhs`kipctcn`mhs pcrsknhfcs: hpkyk cn cf `hiemk gc h`tmtugcs ah`mh s imsik y ah`mh fks gcis: hpkykcn fks csoucrzks phrh horknthr fhs cxpcrmcn`mhs gc fh vmgh cstrcshntcs& rcokrzhngk fks

`kipkrthimcntks hghpthtmvks: hpkyk h fhs pcrsknhs gc fh rcg sk`mhf gc hpkyk& ct`.-.Fks prkefcihs gc shfug cbcr`cn mnofucn`mh skerc fh `hfmghg gc vmgh gc fh pcrsknh quc fksphgc`c. Pus `knscùcn`mhs pucgcn ks`mfhr& pkr cb.& gcsgc `hiemks inmiks y trhnsmtkrmks gc`kngu`th k gc hutkcstmih ahsth un prkoungk& `kipfcbk y drhvc miph`tk skerc cf cstmfk gc vmgh gcfph`mcntc y sus rcfh`mkncs `kn fks gcis. Cn coc`tk& fhs `knscùcn`mhs gc unh cnocricghg drhvcpucgcn cxtcngcrsc y cbcr`cr su mnofubk is hff gc fh pcrsknh quc fh phgc`c& skerc su ohimfmhprxmih y fcbhnh& sus `kiphcrks y sus himdks. Fh rch``mn hntc unh cnocricghg cs un acàkpcrsknhf mntrnsc`k: orcntc h csth rcspucsth& fh htcn`mn gcf prkocsmknhf shnmthrmk y fh hyugh qucpucgh prcsthr hf ph`mcntc phrh quc stc hsmimfc su prkefcih y rch``mknc gc ihncrh `knstru`tmvh sknoh`tkrcs cscn`mhfcs phrh `knscdumr un ptmik nmvcf cn fks ùmghgks.

Wkgk fk hntcrmkr nk gcec mntcrprcthrsc cn cf scntmgk gc rcfcdhr h un scdungk pfhnk hf rcstk gccfcicntks gc fh fhekr gcf shnmthrmk ùmghgks osm`ks& hspc`tks tc`nkfdm`ks& ct`.)& pcrk s cn cf gc

homrihr quc cf `kipkncntc psm`k)sk`mhf tmcnc unh mipkrthn`mh cqumvhfcntc h fh gc cstks ftmiks& fkquc gcec suerhyhrsc y hsmimfhrsc pkr phrtc gc tkgks fks prkocsmknhfcs quc nks gcgm`hiks hprkikvcr fh shfug.


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8. MNWUKGS@@MN H FHP @MCN@MHP \PM@KPK@MHFCP H\FM@HGHPH FH PHFSG

MNWUKGS@@MN

@umghr cs unh h``mn mngmvmguhf quc fh pcrsknh cbcr`c skerc s imsih& pcrk cs thiemn unh`tk gc rc`mprk`mghg quc sc tmcngc h korc`cr h ùhfqumcr pcrsknh ahsth quc hgqumcrc su prkpmhhutknkih k h qumcncs& tcipkrhf k gcomnmtmvhicntc& rcqumcrcn hyugh phrh hsuimr sus nc`csmghgcsvmthfcs.

Cstk mngm`h quc fh nhturhfczh gc fks ùmghgks cs iuy hipfmh y vh gcsgc hqucffks quctmcncn pkr kebctk `knscrvhr fh vmgh gh h gh ahsth hqucffks ktrks quc sc rchfmzhn k`hsmknhficntcùhngk ahy hfdk quc fh kesthùfmzh& gcsgc fks ùmghgks osm`ks ahsth fks psm`ksk`mhfcs.

Cf ùmghgk osm`k mipfm`h hyughr h fh pcrsknh h shtmsoh`cr fhs nc`csmghgcs osm`hs quc pkr unhu ktrh rhzkncs cs mn`hphz gc ffcvhr h `hek pkr s imsih.

Cf ùmghgk psm`ksk`mhf mipfm`h ùmghr gc fhs nc`csmghgcs psm`kfdm`hs y sk`mhfcs gc fhpcrsknh& korc`mcngk mnokrih`mn& scdurmghg& `knokrt& ct`.

Hieks ùmghgks nk skn cx`fuycntcs nm prcvhfc`cn unks skerc ktrks. Pm prcvhfc`mcrhn fksùmghgks osm`ks skerc fks psm`kfdm`ks& csthrhiks hmsfhngk hf mngmvmguk& hnufhngk sus `hph`mghgcs&tkgk hqucffk quc fc ah`c scr y qucrcr rch``mknhr. Gceciks tcncr cn ùcnth quc& orcntc h unhsmtuh`mn gc cnocricghg& cf rcstk gc fhs `hph`mghgcs vmthfcs gcf mngmvmguk cxmdcn scr ikvmfmzhghsphrh ah`cr orcntc h gmàk kestùfk y supcrhrfk.

Cf prkocsmknhf gc Cnocricrh pkgr scdumr unks prk`cgmimcntks t`nm`ks hgcùhgks& pcrk nkpkgr ahefhr `kn fks ph`mcntcs skerc fh prckùph`mn pkr sus sntkihs& `hfihrfcs cn su hnsmcghg&mgcntmom`hr cf smdnmom`hgk gc su smtuh`mn k `kiprcngcr fks tcikrcs gc fh ohimfmh& sm nk rc`knk`cn cn fis quc fh smipfc cvmgcn`mh cxtcrnh gc su trhstkrnk emkfdm`k.

\rkpkr`mknhr cx`fusmvhicntc ùmghgks osm`ks hsfh hf mngmvmguk gc su cntkrnk& yh quc scgcs`knk`c fh mipkrthn`mh gc fks ùmghgks psm`ksk`mhfcs y sc kfvmgh pkr `kipfctk tkgk hqucffk quc csrcfcvhntc phrh quc cf mngmvmguk pucgh `kntmnuhr ghngk rcspucsths h sus nc`csmghgcs.

] sm cs hs& y cf shecr)ah`cr `kn rcspc`tk h fh cnocricghg prcgkimnh skerc tkgk fk quc sc`knsmgcrh mipkrthntc phrh fh pcrsknh& nk sc pucgc ahefhr gc ùmghgks& smnk gc trhthimcntks.

Gmocrcn`mhr fh nhturhfczh gc cstks gks tmpks gc ùmghgks nks ffcvh cntkn`cs h pfhntchrnksqu kp`mn ounghicnthf gceciks tkihr rcspc`tk h fh oun`mn ùmghgkrh gcf pcrsknhf shnmthrmk. Cncsh cfc``mn& fks ùmghgks gc cnocricrh okrihn phrtc gcf `knbuntk gc h`tmvmghgcs gc fks ùmghgksquc ah`cn rcocrcn`mh h unh h`tmvmghg `ktmgmhnh y pcrihncntc gc fh vmgh& gcntrk gc un prk`csk gcshfug)cnocricghg hf quc cf akierc y fks drupks auihnks sc cnorcnthn tkgks fks ghs cn cfgcshrrkffk gc su cxmstcn`mh.

C_KFS@MN CN FKP @SMGHGKP GC CNOCUICUH

Gcsgc fh hphrm`mn gcf `rmstmhnmsik y ahsth prmn`mpmks gcf smdfk xx& cf `kn`cptk quc rmdc cfphpcf gc qumcncs ùmghn cst ehshgk cn fks vhfkrcs ikrhfcs y rcfmdmksks& cn su vk`h`mn gc scrvmr.

Cn fks prmicrks ikicntks sc tcnh unh mihdcn sk`mhf ncdhtmvh gc fh prkocsmn& `kik`knscùcn`mh gc su `kngm`mn ocicnmnh unmgh h fh cs`hsh okrih`mn quc cxmdh scr cnocricrh. Fksùmghgks nk hpkrthehn `rgmtk sk`mhf hfdunk h fh cnocricrh& sc `knsmgcrhehn thrchs gc ehbk nmvcfquc nc`csmthehn pk`h `hph`mghg y `kntrmeuycrkn h okrbhr unh mihdcn ehshgh cn fh hencdh`mn y fhgmspknmemfmghg.

Csth krmcnth`mn `hiem h `kimcnzks gcf smdfk QQ `kn cf gcshrrkffk gc fhs `mcn`mhs cxh`ths&quc pcrimtmcrkn hpfm`hr h fh icgm`mnh tkgks sus `knk`mimcntks y cipfchr tc`nkfkdhs `hgh vcz is`kipfcbhs. Cf gcshrrkffk gc fh t`nm`h y cf acàk gc quc fh prkocsmn sc amzk fhm`h& ikgmom`tkthficntc fh `kn`cp`mn gc fks ùmghgks. Pc prkgu`c unh vcrghgcrh cs`msmn gc gmàk `kn`cptk&gmrmdmgh pkr unh `krrmcntc igm`h y hsk`mhgh hf ikgcfk rcfmdmksk.


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Csth gkefc gcpcngcn`mh gc fh cnocricrh& acrcghgh gcf ikgcfk rcfmdmksk y skictmgh hfikgcfk igm`k& ihr`hr su mihdcn.

Fks ùmghgks `cntrhgks ahsth cntkn`cs cn cf cnocrik y su cntkrnk fk ah`cn hakrh cn fhcnocricghg& quc gmrmdc fh h`tmvmghg cnocricrh y gh scntmgk h fhs thrchs quc ahy quc rchfmzhr. Fhpfhntmffh sc krgcnh hfrcgcgkr gc thrchs& fh `kiunm`h`mn cs `hgh vcz is mipcrsknhf y sc icrihnfhs rcfh`mkncs auihnhs.

Cf gcshrrkffk prkocsmknhf sc krmcnt ah`mh cf ampcrtc`nm`msik. Fh vhfkrh`mn gc fhs t`nm`hs gcmnvcstmdh`mn y gc ùrh`mn gc fh cnocricghg sc gcshrrkffhrkn cn cf akspmthf& cn scrvm`mks qucrcqucrhn drhn `kipctcn`mh t`nm`h. Cstk rcprcscnt unh gcvhfuh`mn gc fks scrvm`mks gc ùmghgksquc nk rcqucrhn cstc ampcrtc`nm`msik& y cf hehngknk gc `hipks tkghvh mncxpfkrhgks pkr fhCnocricrh.

Pmn ciehrdk& gcemgk h csth gcpcngcn`mh gc fh pr`tm`h igm`h& fh cnocricrh hgqumrm unhnucvh okrih gc vhfkrh`mn sk`mhf. Fh t`nm`h korc`c h fhs cnocricrhs fh kpkrtunmghg gc prkehrsc h simsihs y ihr`h gc okrih gctcrimnhntc su hs`cnsk sk`mhf.

Pm fks gcsùermimcntks gc fhs `mcn`mhs cxh`ths gmcrkn fudhr h unh `krrmcntc t`nm`h& `kn cfgcshrrkffk gc fhs `mcn`mhs auihnhs sc hermcrkn ktrhs pcrspc`tmvhs phrh `kiprcngcr fks`kipkrthimcntks auihnks quc `knsmgcrhehn gc okrih gmocrcntc h fh pcrsknh cnocrih y h fh shnh.Pc cfhekrh un cnokquc tcrhputm`k gc fks prkefcihs auihnks quc ktkrdh ihykr rcfcvhn`mh h fh

rcfh`mn ùmghgkr)ùmghgk& y quc pcrsmduc un gkefc kebctmvk28. @knk`cr icbkr h fh pcrsknh ùmghgh y5. Wcncr unh h``mn tcrhputm`h.

@cntrhgh cn cf gcshrrkffk gc fhs pcrsknhs& fh `krrmcntc auihnmsth gcnun`mh cf `knk`mimcntkgcs`knsmgcrhgk gc fhs tc`nkfkdhs `kipfcbhs y rcmvmngm`h fh tc`nkfkdh scn`mffh quc pucgh scr`kiprcngmgh y utmfmzhgh pkr cf mngmvmguk hghptngksc h sus nc`csmghgcs& sus rcùrsks y icgmks.

Wkghs csths t`nm`hs& sustcnthghs cn fh omfkskoh cxmstcn`mhfmsth& nk pucgcn scphrhrsc gc fhrcfh`mn csthefc`mgh cn cf `knbuntk ùmghgkr)ùmghgk.

Fks ùmghgks hgqumcrcn smdnmom`hgk cn rcfh`mn `kn fh rchfmghg gcf cnocrik& gc su okrih gcvmvmr fh cnocricghg y gcecn `knskfmghrsc utmfmzhngk fh rcfh`mn phrh ktkrdhr h fks ùmghgks ùhfqumcrktrh ehsc quc nk sch nm`hicntc fh `kiphsmn k fh t`nm`h.


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5. @MCN@MHP \PM@KPK@MHFCP ] CNOCUICUH

Fh rcfh`mn ùmghgkr)ùmghgk vucfvc h ghr h fh pr`tm`h gc cnocricrh cf scntmgk auihnk% thngcschgk y cxprcshgk pkr fhs iktmvh`mkncs quc krmcnthn fh cfc``mn gc fh prkocsmn. \hrh cffk scrcqumcrc cntrc ktrhs `kshs unh okrih`mn hgcùhgh& unh rckrdhnmzh`mn gcf trhehbk cn oun`mn gcf`kn`cptk gc ùmghgks y un rchbustc gc fhs thrchs t`nm`hs quc nk fhs cfmimnh& smnk quc fcs gh scntmgk

y fhs vucfvc h smtuhr cn cf `kntcxtk dfkehf.Korc`cr un ùmghgk mntcdrhf& cs gc`mr& quc mn`fuyh gc okrih smstcihtmzhgh fks hspc`tks

psm`ksk`mhfcs gc fh pcrsknh& rcqumcrc fk smdumcntc2

8. _cr h fh pcrsknh h fh quc prcsthiks ùmghgks gc okrih nm`h c mntcdrhf . Cf ikgcfk gcùmghgk akfstm`k cntmcngc quc phrh hgimnmstrhr unks ùmghgks mntcdrhfcs ahy quc cntcngcr h fhpcrsknh gcsgc unh pcrspc`tmvh dfkehf& `knk`cr sus prk`csks gc oun`mknhimcntk emkfdm`ks&psm`kfdm`ks y sk`mhfcs y cntcngcr quc un csthgk psm`kfdm`k gctcrimnhgk pucgc hftcrhrrhgm`hficntc cf prk`csk gc cnocrihr y rcùpcrhr fh shfug.

Fh cnocricghg nk cs un ocnicnk purhicntc emkfdm`k y fks hspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs gcfùmghgk pucgcn tcncr `knscùcn`mhs mipkrthntcs phrh cf rcsufthgk osm`k gc fh cnocricghg&mn`fuycngk cn cstc puntk gc vmsth fh ohimfmh.

Cf ikgcfk gc ùmghgks akfstm`k rcqumcrc htcn`mn h fks hspc`tks omsmkfdm`ks& psm`kfdm`ks ysk`mhfcs gcf ph`mcntc& `kiprcngmcngk fh mntcrh``mn icntc)ùcrpk. Fh icntc y cf ùcrpk skngmocrcntcs hspc`tks gc fh imsih pcrsknh. @uhngk fh icntc cst hnsmksh& trmstc& sc prkgu`cn `hiemkscn cf oun`mknhimcntk `krpkrhf y ùhngk cf ùcrpk suorc unh cnocricghg `hiemh cf csthgk icnthf gcfh pcrsknh.

5. \rcsthr fks ùmghgks gc okrih mngmvmguhfmzhgh. Cs ounghicnthf phrh ùermr fhs nc`csmghgcspsm`ksk`mhfcs gc fh pcrsknh y rchfmzhr unks ùmghgks mntcdrhfcs.

Cn fks ftmiks hks& cn nucstrh prkocsmn sc csthefc`c unh gmocrcn`mh`mn cn fh krdhnmzh`mngcf trhehbk gc cnocricrh& cf ùmghgk krmcnthgk cn thrchs y cf mngmvmguhfmzhgk.

Fh gmstrmeu`mn cn thrchs ah`c quc cf ùmghgk pmcrgh su `kncxmn `kn ùhfqumcr `kntcxtk quc

fc gh scntmgk. H fh cnocricrh nk sc fc rc`knk`c un tmcipk phrh csùàhr& phrh cntcngcr fh nhturhfczhgc fks prkefcihs gc fh pcrsknh y gc sus ohimfmhrcs& phrh fhs cxpfm`h`mkncs& y pkr supucstk thipk`kphrh su prkpmh okrih`mn. H pcshr gc tkgk& h `krtk pfhzk phrc`c% quc sc trhehbh is rpmgk y quc csis o`mf dhrhntmzhr cf ùmghgk esm`k% h tkgks fks ph`mcntcs !cs is o`mf hfmicnthr h un ph`mcntcquc cspcrhr h quc fk ahdh f& hunquc thrgc is-. Pmn ciehrdk& h fhrdk pfhzk cstc ikgcfk pucgcdcncrhr unh skerc`hrdh gc trhehbk& yh quc huicnth fh gcpcngcn`mh gcf ph`mcntc.

Fh cnocricrh quc korc`c ùmghgks mngmvmguhfmzhgks `cntrh su htcn`mn cn fh pcrsknh. Cn csthsmtuh`mn& fh cnocricrh cst cn icbkr gmspksm`mn phrh `knk`cr hf ph`mcntc y rchfmzhr fks ùmghgks.\kr su phrtc& cf ph`mcntc scr is `hphz gc `knk`cr y `knomhr cn fh cnocricrh.

Snh cnocricrh quc ffcduc h `knk`cr h fh pcrsknh h fh quc ùmgh prkehefcicntc mntcnthrcbcr`cr icnks `kntrkf skerc cffh& smntmcngk sth icnks gcshiphrk: scr is `hphz gc `kiunm`hr`kn cf ph`mcntc y gc cntcngcr sus nc`csmghgcs phrtmùfhrcs.

@kn cstc omn sc ahn rchfmzhgk mnvcstmdh`mkncs cn ph`mcntcs hn`mhnks ùmghgks `kn hieksikgcfks !Imffcr& 8=17-.Csths mnvcstmdh`mkncs mngm`hn quc cxmstcn gmocrcn`mhs mipkrthntcs cn rcfh`mn `kn fh

gcpcngcn`mh !gchieufh`mn& hfmicnth`mn k hutkùmghgk- y hf ùmghgk gc fhs nc`csmghgcspsm`ksk`mhfcs !gcshiphrk-& skerc tkgk cn hqucffks ph`mcntcs ùyh csthn`mh cn cf akspmthf supcrh cfics.

Xumcncs rc`mecn cf ikgcfk gc ùmghgks mngmvmguhfmzhgks prcscnthn icnkrcs nmvcfcs gcgcpcngcn`mh& pcrihnc`cn icnks tmcipk cn `hih y sc rcùpcrhn `kn ihykr rhpmgcz. Imffcr `kn`fuycquc fks ùmghgks mngmvmguhfmzhgks cstn hsk`mhgks h unh icnkr gcpcngcn`mh y h unh icbkrh cn fhkpkrtunmghg gc supcrvmvcn`mh.

Fhs `fhvcs phrh cf fkdrk gc cstks ùmghgks& h nucstrk ikgk gc cntcngcr& skn2

h. @kiunm`h`mn. Fh `hfmghg gc fh rcfh`mn cs ounghicnthf phrh quc gmàks ùmghgks tcndhnxmtk. Fh `kiunm`h`mn cs fh acrrhimcnth gcf ùmghgk gc fks hspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs. Pcnc`csmth phrh cntcngcr fk quc fks ph`mcntcs pmcnshn y smcntcn& y phrh gcshrrkffhr fh rcfh`mn


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\rkocskr Gr. B ks Ihnucf \rrhdh Pnàcz Gcphrthicntk gc Cnocricrh. SNCQ?

tcrhputm`h. Whiemn cs nc`cshrmh phrh mnokrihr h fks ph`mcntcs y sus rcdfhs skn cspcòm`hscn fks gmocrcntcs `kntcxtks gc cnocricrh. @kik hrtc& fh `kiunm`h`mn cn `hgh cnocricrh csnm`h. Gcemgk h csth unm`mghg& fk quc gm`c unh cnocricrh nk cs nc`cshrmhicntc hprkpmhgkphrh ktrh. Fh cnocricrh skerc tkgk tmcnc quc scntmrsc ìkgh& gcec mntcnthr cxpfkrhr ìkpucgc utmfmzhr cf prkpmk cstmfk nhturhf gc `kiunm`hr. Cn un prmn`mpmk& fh cnocricrh sc `cntrhrcn fh `kiunm`h`mn c mntcnthr hpfm`hr fhs rcdfhs phrh ffcvhr h `hek pkstcrmkricntc fh

`kiunm`h`mn hutkitm`h y `cntrhrsc cn fh pcrsknh. Cntkn`cs& fh cnocricrh pkgr utmfmzhr fh`kiunm`h`mn gc okrih `rchtmvh.

e. Okrih`mn hgcùhgh. Hfdunhs cnocricrhs pksccn fh ahemfmghg nhturhf gc csùàhr&kescrvhr& ciphtmzhr y `kiunm`hr emcn& pcrk fh ihykrh gc fks prkocsmknhfcs nc`csmthngcshrrkffhr gmàhs ahemfmghgcs. Cstk mipfm`h cf `knk`mimcntk is prkoungk gcf scr auihnk ynk sfk su h`tmvmghg osm`h. Fh vmsmn gc fh pcrsknh `kik un tkgk nk gcec scr hfdk gcbhgk hfhzhr k h fk quc shfdh%& smnk quc gcec scr unh pr`tm`h `kns`mcntc& quc pucgh mn`fumr cfùmghgk psm`ksk`mhf `kik phrtc nc`cshrmh gc fh rutmnh gc cnocricrh. Gurhntc iuàkshks& cf nm`k `knk`mimcntk `kn`cemgk pkr fhs cnocricrhs `kik gcschefc& crh cfcstrm`thicntc nc`cshrmk phrh fh hpfm`h`mn gc un shecr)ah`cr quc `kn`mfmhrh prmn`mpmkst`nm`ks y ikrhfcs. Wkghvh aky mnvk`hiks h fh mntum`mn& fh cxpcrmcn`mh cn cf trhehbk& fhhntmdcghg cn cf scrvm`mk y `kngcnhiks hqucffk quc nk cs `kn`rctk& rchfmsth& pr`tm`k y cst

hghpthgk h fh h``mn `ktmgmhnh. Mntrkgu`mr unh okrih`mn cn fhs `mcn`mhs psm`ksk`mhfcs gcntrkgc fh gk`cn`mh cn cnocricrh& thntk cn okrih`mn `kntmnuhgh `kik cn fh gc prcdrhgk&rcsufthr gc`msmvk phrh cstmiufhr cf `rc`mimcntk pcrsknhf y hyughr h fh cstmih`mn dfkehf gc fhpcrsknh. Icbkrhr fh `hph`mghg phrh fhs rcfh`mkncs auihnhs hyughr h `kiprcngcr icbkr hfh pcrsknh h fh quc sc korc`c ùmghgks& h fks hfuinks y h fks `kiphcrks. Pmn ciehrdk&ahefhr gc cstk phrc`c quc dcncrh tcikrcs& imcgk h pcrgcr cf `knth`tk `kn fh rchfmghg. Nhghis fcbks gc cffk. Cs iuy ùrmksk kescrvhr ìk fh ohfth gc `knk`mimcntks cn cstc scntmgk yfh mnscdurmghg pcrsknhf `knsmducn quc iuàks prkocsmknhfcs sc vchn kefmdhgks h utmfmzhr fht`nm`h& imcntrhs ihntmcncn unh gmsthn`mh prkocsmknhf& y hsfhn h fh pcrsknh phrh vcr cn fcnocricghgcs is k icnks trhthefcs.

`. Cxpcrmcn`mh. Whiemn cs vcrghg quc fh tckrh nk cs suom`mcntc y quc fh cxpcrmcn`mh cs undrhgk phrh `kiprcngcr h fhs pcrsknhs& quc phsh pkr vmvmr& `knk`cr y hprcngcr. Cf ùmghgk gc

fks hspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs cs unh h`tmvmghg ùhfmom`hgh quc icbkrh `kn fh cxpcrmcn`mh.@uhngk unh cnocricrh tmcnc cxpcrmcn`mh cn fh prkvmsmn gc ùmghgks& pknc is htcn`mn`kns`mcntc cn fh mnokrih`mn quc rc`mec. Gcspus gc hprcngcr fhs rcdfhs gcf ùmghgkpsm`ksk`mhf y ùhngk sths sc ffcvhn h `hek gc okrih hutkitm`h& fh cnocricrh cxpcrth cs`hphz gc `hiemhr cf ok`k gc htcn`mn gc fh rcdfh hpfm`ngkfh h ktrk nmvcf gc ùmghgk.Ahy trcs cfcicntks gc fks hspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs gc fks ùmghgks quc pucgcn csthr

gcshrrkffhgks h trhvs gc fh cxpcrmcn`mh2

Snh cnocricrh cxpcrth tmcnc ihykr pcr`cptmvmghg phrh fh `kiunm`h`mn y phrh cvhfuhr fhsgmocrcn`mhs mngmvmguhfcs.

Snh scdungh `hrh`tcrstm`h gc cxpcrmcn`mh cs quc fh cnocricrh pucgh scdumr fhs rcdfhssmntcncr quc pcnshr cn cffhs: pkr `knsmdumcntc& cs is coc`tmvh y pucgc ah`cr is `kshs cnicnkr tmcipk. \kr fk thntk& fh cnocricrh cxpcrth pucgc scdumr vhrmks `hnhfcs gc h``mnsmiuftnchicntc.

Fh cnocricrh `kn cxpcrmcn`mh gcshrrkffh unh pcrspc`tmvh dfkehf quc fc pcrimtc prmkrmzhr fhsrcdfhs k nk h`hthrfhs& sm nk sc hgcùhrhn cn cf phtrn quc cst mntcnthngk fkdrhr.

Fh pcrspc`tmvh gc fh cnocricrh cxpcrth mipfm`h ahemfmghg phrh pcr`memr h fks ph`mcntcs y susohimfmhs& mntcrrcfh`mknngkfks kebctmvhicntc y phrh csthefc`cr fh rcfh`mn cntrc fks hspc`tkspsm`ksk`mhfcs y omsmkfdm`ks.

Snh cnocricrh cxpcrth cst gmspucsth h hprcngcr h trhvs gc fh cxpcrmcn`mh& csthprcngmcngk smciprc& y csth `hph`mghg phrh hprcngcr gmstmnduc fh smipfc cxpcrmcn`mh% gc fhcxpcrmcn`mh. Gcemgk h fh unm`mghg y h fh `kipfcbmghg gc fh pcrsknh& smciprc ahy hfdk quc hprcngcrskerc cffh& hfdk quc gcsùermr h`cr`h gcf ùmghgk gc fks hspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs.

] cn csc vmvmr& scr ounghicnthf hprcngcr h `kiphrtmr cxpcrmcn`mhs y scntmimcntks& fk qucmipfm`h thiemn unh `hfmghg auihnh.


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MI\KUWHN@MH GCF CPWSGMK GC FHP @MCN@MHP \PM@KPK@MHFCP

\kr `knsmdumcntc& pkgciks homrihr quc cf cstugmk gc fhs `mcn`mhs psm`ksk`mhfcs csounghicnthf cn fh pr`tm`h gc cnocricrh& esm`hicntc pkr ùhtrk rhzkncs2

8. Fks oh`tkrcs psm`ksk`mhfcs gcscipchn un phpcf `ru`mhf cn cf gcsh) rrkffk y ùrsk gc iuàhs

cnocricghgcs& y cn cf prk`csk gc rcùpcrh`mn. Gc ha quc sch ounghicnthf quc fhcnocricrh mntcrvcndh hntc k orcntc fhs nc`csmghgcs psm`ksk`mhfcs gc fh pcrsknh& phrhicbkrhr su csthgk gc shfug.

5. Fh cnocricghg mipfm`h gkfkr c mn`kikgmghg& y trhc `knsmdk mn`crtmguierc y hnsmcghg& fk ùhfprkgu`mr mrrmthemfmghg& tmimgcz& mn`kiunm`h`mn& gcpcngcn`mh& ct`. Fh cnocricrh& quc cs fhquc is `cr`h cst gc fh pcrsknh cn cf ùrsk gc fh cnocricghg& scr fh prmicrh cn kescrvhrgmàhs rch``mkncs. Fhs ahemfmghgcs phrh kescrvhr& `kiunm`hr& `kiprcngcr fhs rcspucsthshntc fh cnocricghg& sus krdcncs y `kntrkfcs psm`kfdm`ks scrn ounghicnthfcs cn fh `hfmghggc fks ùmghgks.

0. Fhs h`tmtugcs& `kipkrthimcntks y rcspucsths gc fh cnocricrh cn fh smtuh`mn gc ùmghgktmcnc coc`tks mipkrthntcs cn fh okrih cn quc cf ph`mcntc pcr`meh y rcspkngh hf ùmghgk. Fh

rcfh`mn cnocricrh)ph`mcntc cs unh rcfh`mn& tcrhputm`h.7. \kr ftmik& fhs cnocricrhs thiemn skn pcrsknhs ùyks `kipkrthimcntks& pcnshimcntks&

h`tmtugcs y scntmimcntks sc rmdcn pkr fks imsiks ic`hnmsiks psm`kfdm`ks quc fks gc fhspcrsknhs h fhs quc ùmghn. @kik tkgks fks scrcs auihnks& fhs cnocricrhs tcngrnnc`csmghgcs& prckùph`mkncs& cspcrhnzhs& imcgks y hiem`mkncs.

_ciks& pucs& quc ùmghr `knffcvh unh mipfm`h`mn pcrsknhf thntk h un nmvcf gchutk`knk`mimcntk `kik gc rcspknshemfmghg. \kr csk& ùmghr cs gmo`mf y cn cstc `himnk cf `kstcpcrsknhf pucgc scr mipkrthntc& skerc tkgk sm nk sc `knk`cn fks ùmghgks psm`ksk`mhfcs y cf ihr`k cnquc stks sc korc`cn. Cstc `knk`mimcntk prktcdcr h fh cnocricrh cn smtuh`mkncs gmo`mfcs& phrh qucpucgh vmvmr oh`mfmthngk su supcrvmvcn`mh prkocsmknhf y pcrsknhf. Cstk cs ounghicnthf& yh quc unhcnocricrh nk pkgr korc`cr ùmghgks rcfhtmvks h fks hspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs coc`tmvks& sm su prkpmkcsthgk psm`kfdm`k cs mnshtmsoh`tkrmk.

Pm unh cnocricrh cnohtmzh cf ùmghgk psm`ksk`mhf& gcshrrkffhr sus prkpmhs ahemfmghgcspsm`ksk`mhfcs& quc pkgr utmfmzhr cn gmstmnths smtuh`mkncs. Csths ahemfmghgcs mipfm`hn fh `hph`mghg gccntcngcr h fh dcntc& ùmghr gc fhs rcfh`mkncs gc ktrks& hyughr h fks gcis h fkdrhr sus kebctmvks cmnofumr cn cffks. Pm& pkr cf `kntrhrmk& nk sc gcshrrkffh cf ùmghgk psm`ksk`mhf& nk sc gcshrrkffhrnahemfmghgcs psm`ksk`mhfcs phrtmùfhrcs& hsk`mhghs h `hrh`tcrstm`hs gc pcrsknhfmghg.

Fh cnocricrh quc nk miphrtc ùmghgks gcsgc un puntk gc vmsth dfkehf& mn`fuycngk fkshspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs& pucgc gcshrrkffhr ktrhs ahemfmghgcs& pcrk nk fh gc ciphtmzhr `kn ktrks& fkùhf ah smgk smciprc unh schf gc fh cnocricrh.

Fh cnocricrh pkgr cfcdmr iuàks ikgks gc cbcr`cr su prkocsmn& pcrk gcecr tcncr cnùcnth quc cf ùmghgk gc fks hspc`tks psm`ksk`mhfcs `knokrih cf `knbuntk gc h`tmtugcs quc`knomdurhn cf rkf hutnkik gc fh cnocricrh y ihr`hn fh gmocrcn`mh& ah`mcngk gc fh cnocricrh unhprkocsmn cn vcz gc un trhehbk.

Cn fks ftmiks hks& cf cnokquc gc cnocricrh ah vhrmhgk susthn`mhficntc& hf mntrkgu`mr unitkgk gc trhehbk is fdm`k y smstcitm`k. Gcntrk gc csth smstcihtmzh`mn& fks ikgcfks gccnocricrh gcscipchn un phpcf iuy mipkrthntc& yh quc prkvccn fh cstru`turh quc duh fh pr`tm`hgc cnocricrh. Cn cstc scntmgk& iuàks gc fks ikgcfks gcs`rmtks pkr fhs tcrm`hs !A. \cpfhu& @. Uky&ct`.- tmcncn drhn mnofucn`mh gc fks gcsùermimcntks y `krrmcntcs gc fhs `mcn`mhs psm`ksk`mhfcs.


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0. H@WMWSGCP

Fhs h`tmtugcs skn prcgmspksm`mkncs csthefcs y okrihs ahemtuhfcs gc pcnshr& scntmr y h`tuhr.\rcscnth unks `kipkncntcs mntcfc`tmvks y hoc`tmvks& y skn dcncrhfmzhefcs h pcrsknhs& smtuh`mkncs&ct`.

_hrhn cn su rcskfu`mn cntrc unh h`tmtug gc prcocrcn`mh h& y unh h`tmtug gc rcàhzk gc.

Hgimtcn `hiemks y rcofcxmkncs `rtm`hs& hunquc cn k`hsmkncs skiks iuy rch`mks h cffks._mcncn mnofucn`mhghs pkr fh ùfturh& sk`mcghg& cgu`h`mn& hprcngmzhbc c amstkrmh pcrsknhf gc

fks mngmvmguks.Gc nucstrhs h`tmtugcs gcpcngc cn drhn icgmgh fh htcn`mn shnmthrmh quc prcsthiks y fhs

rcfh`mkncs sk`mhfcs quc csthefcz`hiks.

8. H@WMWSG AH@MH CF \H@MCNWC

Cn fh rcfh`mn gc hyugh& y sc ah`c cxtcnsmefc phrh tkghs fhs pcrsknhs quc trhehbhn cn cf`hipk gc fh shnmghg& cs miprcs`mngmefc cntrc ktrhs `kshs gmspkncr gc unh mnokrih`mn hgcùhgh&tcncr y rcofcxmknhr skerc unhs h`tmtugcs& ihncbhr fh `kiunm`h`mn y pksccr `mcrths ahemfmghgcs gcrcfh`mn.

Mipkrthntc y `kik prmicrh icgmgh cn fh rcfh`mn gc hyugh cs `kiprcngcr cn quc ikicntksc cnùcntrh cf ph`mcntc& gctc`thr& mgcntmom`hr& prmkrmzhr y htcngcr sus prckùph`mkncs& imcgks&gmomùfthgcs y nc`csmghgcs !vmthfcs cn iuàks `hsks-. Cstk cs `fhvc phrh quc cf ph`mcntc sc smcnth`kiprcngmgk y hyughgk cn fk quc is fc prckùph& tcic y nc`csmth. Cf prkocsmknhf shnmthrmk cn cfcbcr`m`mk gc su fhekr& ah gc phrtmr gc fh rchfmghg gcf ph`mcntc& sus puntks gc vmsth& qu rchs rcqumcrcnihykr htcn`mn phrh cf ph`mcntc& ìk gcomnc cf prkefcih& ct`.

Cn fnchs dcncrhfcs fh mntcrvcn`mn gcpcngc prmn`mphficntc gcf ikicntk psm`kfdm`k y fhsmtuh`mn pkr fh ùhf cst phshngk cf ph`mcntc. Cs mipkrthntc mgcntmom`hr y hyughr hf ph`mcntc h quc sccxprcsc y prkpkr`mknc mnokrih`mn quc nks hyugc h shecr su smtuh`mn y fk quc fc prckùph.

\hrh rchfmzhr ùhfqumcr mntcrvcn`mn ahy quc shecr& phrh shecr ahy quc prcdunthr y phrhshecr quc prcdunthr prmicrk ahy quc shecr csùàhr.

\rcsupkncr y hsuimr `knffcvh cf `kictcr crrkrcs y cqumvk`h`mkncs. ] cstc prkefcih cs iuy`kipfcbk. Mihdmnc @ik sc scntmrh ustcg sm...;. Cntkn`cs pmcnsc cn fh okrih cn quc fc dusthrhquc fc hyughrhn. Ucvmsc sus h`tmtugcs& tcndh cn ùcnth quc cst trhthngk y hyughngk h unh pcrsknh&fucdk prcduntc& y skerc tkgk csùàc y oh`mfmtc prkùrhngk nk h`knscbhr.

Fhs smdumcntcs phuths pucgcn scr iuy tmfcs cn fh fhekr gc hscskrhimcntk& gcpcngmcngk gcfh smtuh`mn2

Csthefc`cr unh eucnh rcfh`mn oh`mfmth fh hgacsmn. Ciphtmzhr y rcokrzhr fks hspc`tks pksmtmvks. \crimtmr y rcspcthr fhs rch``mkncs& cxprcsmn gc cik`mkncs& smfcn`mks y csùàhr. Htcngcr h fhs rcspucsths psm`kfdm`hs quc sc prkgu`cn.

Hfmvmhr tcnsmkncs y imcgks rcfh`mknhgks `kn fh smtuh`mn. Cspcrhr h quc cf ph`mcntc sc `hfic fk suom`mcntc. _hfkrhr rhzkncs y iktmvh`mn rcfh`mknhghs `kn cf prkefcih. \rcvcnmr c mnokrihr hgcùhghicntc h`cr`h gc pksmefcs trhthimcntks c mntcrvcn`mkncs. Oh`mfmthr fh tkih gc gc`msmkncs y hyughr h gc`mgmr. Ghr smciprc h `knk`cr& s fhs auemcrh& fhs eucnhs nktm`mhs !cst icbkr& nk cs unh cnocricghg

drhvc& csth icgm`h`mn fc `hfihr cf gkfkr& ct`.- y hfcdrhrsc `kn cf ph`mcntc. Gctc`thr mnokrih`mn c mgchs crrnchs y fk quc gcsch shecr. Ghr fh mnokrih`mn nc`cshrmh y hgcùhgh& y `krrcdmr crrkrcs. Oh`mfmthr hf ph`mcntc skerc fk quc gcscc shecr h`cr`h gc su smtuh`mn. Ghr tmcipk h quc hsmimfcn fhs smtuh`mkncs y nktm`mhs gcshdrhghefcs thntk pkr phrtc gcf ph`mcntc

`kik gc fh ohimfmh. Ghr icnshbcs `kndrucntcs y nk ohfshs cspcrhnzhs.

\rcdunthrfc qu pkgciks ah`cr phrh hyughrfc. \rkpkr`mknhr mnokrih`mn cs`rmth sm oucrh nc`cshrmk. Korc`crsc !gmhfkdhr& korc`cr hyugh& `knk`cr nc`csmghgcs& pktcn`mhr pksmemfmghgcs& ghr

mnokrih`mn h ohimfmhrcs& ct`.-.


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\rkocskr Gr. B ks Ihnucf \rrhdh Pnàcz Gcphrthicntk gc Cnocricrh. SNCQ=

Ucspcthr y hscdurhr fh `knomgcn`mhfmghg. Gcrmvhr y pcgmr hyugh sm oucrh nc`cshrmk. @kiprkehr fh `kiprcnsmn gcf ph`mcntc skerc fh mnokrih`mn prkpkr`mknhgh. Gcspcgmgh hdrhghefc.

Nk kfvmghrciks quc2

Cf `kipkrthimcntk ah gc scr `krts& rcfhbhgk y `kn`rctk. Ahy quc gmrmdmrsc hf cnocrik pkr su nkierc y trhthrfc gc Sstcg !shfvk quc f prcomcrh fk `kntrhrmk-. Fh mnokrih`mn skerc fhs ikfcstmhs quc fc vhiks h dcncrhr hf cnocrik !gcrmvhghs gc fhs t`nm`hs

gc cnocricrh- ah gc rchfmzhrsc `kn trhnqumfmghg y `knk`mimcntk gcf tcih. Nk gcecn skerccstmihrsc nm suecstmihrsc fhs rcspucsths gcf cnocrik. Nk gcecn cxtcrmkrmzhrsc supksm`mkncs rcspc`tk hf gmhdnstm`k y trhthimcntk uftcrmkr. Ahy quc mntcnthr `rchr un `fmih gc `knomhnzh. Ahy quc mntcnthr oh`mfmthr fh mnokrih`mn gcf cnocrik ah`mngksc phrt`mpc gc su smtuh`mn. Cf

pkncrsc cn cf fudhr gcf cnocrik ah`c is o`mf cn`kntrhr fhs phfherhs hgcùhghs. Nk ahy quc hpcshguierhr hf cnocrik `kn nucstrh `kiphsmn smnk ikstrhrfc nucstrh skfmghrmghg. Ahy quc rcspcthr fh hutkcstmih gcf cnocrik cxpfm`ngkfc `fhrhicntc fhs icgmghs h tkihr. Gcec mntcnthrsc fh `kfhekrh`mn gc cnocriks prkefcitm`ks icgmhntc cxpfm`h`mkncs

`knvmn`cntcs. Nk ahy quc `hcr cn ihnmocsth`mkncs k acàks `cnsurhefcs `kik `knscùcn`mh gc pksmefcshdrcsmkncs u kocnshs. Cf pcrsknhf shnmthrmk ah gc ikstrhrsc smciprc trhnqumfk c miphr`mhf.

Nk ahy quc drmthr nun`h. Ahy quc mntcnthr cfugmr tkgk cfcicntk pcrturehgkr !pkr cbcipfk hfdn ohimfmhr hftcrhgk gcec scr

mnvmthgk h hehngknhr fh ahemth`mn-. Ahy quc cvmthr tkgh gmsùsmn cntrc `kfhekrhgkrcs. Fhs rgcncs sc fmimthrn h fk mngmspcnshefc. Nk ahy quc kfvmghr hf cnocrik y su smtuh`mn hn ùhngk ffhicn fh htcn`mn sus sntkihs y su

`kipkrthimcntk. Cf cnocrik hndustmhgk gcec `knk`cr `fhrhicntc fhs icgmghs h rchfmzhr y fk quc `kn cffhs pucgc

fkdrhrsc !pkr cbcipfk& vcnghbcs& pcrousmkncs& pksm`mn& ct`.-. Cf cnocrik y sus ohimfmhrcs gcecn `knk`cr cf akspmthf cn cf quc cst prcvmstk cf mndrcsk.

Cn cf ùmghgk h cnocriks mn`kns`mcntcs ahn gc cvmthrsc ihnmocsth`mkncs mnnc`cshrmhs yh qucpucgcn scr pcr`memghs h pcshr gc fh hphrcntc mn`kns`mcn`mh prkoungh.

@KN@FSPMKNCP2

Cf ph`mcntc gcec scr rcspcthgk y tcncr `knomhnzh. Nk nc`csmth hikr& yh quc cstc cs scfc`tmvk& csunh cfc``mn& unh gc`msmn iuy pcrsknhf quc nk sc pucgc okriufhr `kik unh kefmdh`mnhgimnmstrhtmvh k `kik unh rcdfh ikrhf dcncrhfmzhgh. \hrh ùmghr h unh pcrsknh ahy qucrcspcthrfh& pucstk quc cs phrh f un gcrcàk ounghicnthf. \crk hgcis& ahy quc `knscdumr su`knomhnzh. Csth nk pucgc cxmdmrsc h prmkrm: gcec icrc`crsc& y nk sc hf`hnzh ahsth quchgkpthiks eucnhs vmerh`mkncs`kn nucstrhs h`tmtugcs& `kiunm`h`mn y ahemfmghgcs gc rcfh`mn&y quc cn eucnh phrtc gceciks icbkrhr hipfmhicntc tkgks fks prkocsmknhfcs gc fh shfug.

Snh h`tmtug pksmtmvh ah`mh y phrh fks ph`mcntcs y ohimfmhrcs& hs `kik unh `kiunm`h`mn`kndrucntc& ah`c gmsimnumr fh gcs`knomhnzh gc stks ah`mh fhs t`nm`hs& gmhdnstm`ks y+ktrhthimcntks quc skerc cffks sc prh`tmqucn.

Cf prcscnthrsc h fks ph`mcntcs pkr nucstrk nkierc& ffhihrfc h f pkr cf suyk !nk `kik cf cnocrikgc fh acrnmh k cf gcf ihrck& k cf gc fh `hih 85.8-& hs `kik mngm`hrfc nucstrh `htcdkrhprkocsmknhf !cnocricrhs& huxmfmhrcs& ct`.- huicnth cf nmvcf gc `kkpcrh`mn y oh`mfmth fh`kiunm`h`mn pkstcrmkr.

Krmcnthr y korc`cr nucstrh hyugh !cn okrih gc rcspucsth- phrh tkghs hqucffhs gughs !prcdunths-quc pugmcrhn surdmr gmsimnuyc fh tcnsmn y+k hnsmcghg gcf ph`mcntc y su ohimfmh pucs shecn qucgmspkncn gc un istmf gkngc pkgcr hocrrhrsc cn `hsk gc nc`csmghg.

Snh mnokrih`mn hgcùhgh skerc cf tmcipk hprkxmihgk gc rcskfu`mn gc su prkefcih k emcnskerc cf tmcipk gc gcikrh cn prucehs gmhdnstm`hs& mndrcsk akspmthfhrmk& csthn`mh cn fh unmghggc urdcn`mhs& gmsimnuyc cf `knofm`tk mntcrpcrsknhf y cf drhgk gc gms`knokrimghg gcf ph`mcntc.


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0. Temario Ciencias Psicosociales 2012-2013