* What events helped establish our * What events helped establish our new gov’t?new gov’t?

Washington and the Washington and the PresidencyPresidency

- leadership style / personality- leadership style / personality

Judiciary Act of 1789 Judiciary Act of 1789 passedpassed

- structure- structure

B of R ratifiedB of R ratifiedTariff 5% passedTariff 5% passedCabinet createdCabinet created

1

3

13

The first cabinetThe first cabinet

Thomas Jefferson- Secy. of StateThomas Jefferson- Secy. of State

Alexander Hamilton- Secy. of the TreasuryAlexander Hamilton- Secy. of the Treasury

Henry Knox- Secy. of WarHenry Knox- Secy. of War

Edmund Randolph – Attorney GeneralEdmund Randolph – Attorney General

* Why/How did the 2 party system * Why/How did the 2 party system developdevelop

Ratification Ratification

Jefferson vs. Hamilton:Jefferson vs. Hamilton:

CabinetCabinet

Hamilton’s Economic planHamilton’s Economic plan

*Distinguish between Federalists *Distinguish between Federalists and Anti-Fedsand Anti-Feds

Democratic -RepublicansDemocratic -Republicans

Pg 185Pg 185

Pg 191Pg 191

*Describe Hamilton’s Economic *Describe Hamilton’s Economic PlanPlan

pg 184-5pg 184-5Hamilton’s Economic PlanHamilton’s Economic Plan::

create BUS; set a Tariff; set an excise taxcreate BUS; set a Tariff; set an excise tax pay off foreign debt ($12m)pay off foreign debt ($12m) issue new Bonds to pay off old ($44m)issue new Bonds to pay off old ($44m) honor Bonds at “face value”honor Bonds at “face value” Federal Gov’t assumes state debts ($25m)Federal Gov’t assumes state debts ($25m)

DC CompromiseDC CompromiseWhiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

(not Shay’s Rebellion)(not Shay’s Rebellion)

Describe the influence of the Describe the influence of the Hamilton – Jefferson conflictHamilton – Jefferson conflict

P185, 191P185, 191

Views of America & DemocracyViews of America & Democracy

“ “Hamiltonian ” and “Jeffersonian ”Hamiltonian ” and “Jeffersonian ”

““the BUS debate”:the BUS debate”:

the “E L A S T I C C L A U S E”the “E L A S T I C C L A U S E”

Strict or Loose InterpretationStrict or Loose Interpretation

•In what framework did American In what framework did American foreign policy develop?foreign policy develop?

GW GW JA JA

GB war FRGB war FRGenGenét Affair ét Affair

FR RevFR Rev

Trade Balance $Trade Balance $

WashingtonWashington

““XYZ” AffairXYZ” AffairUS

*What caused conflict in the *What caused conflict in the

American frontier?American frontier? The Ohio ValleyThe Ohio Valley

GB and N. AGB and N. A..’s’s

Native AmericansNative Americans Little Turtle / Fallen TimbersLittle Turtle / Fallen Timbers

Pinckney Treaty Pinckney Treaty Spain Spain

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty British in the Ohio ValleyBritish in the Ohio Valley

•ID NullificationID Nullification

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) - deport / expel dangerous aliens- deport / expel dangerous aliens - speak out against or criticize the gov’t > fine / imprisonment- speak out against or criticize the gov’t > fine / imprisonment - newspapers- newspapers

Naturalization ActNaturalization Act - changed wait period from 5 to 14 years- changed wait period from 5 to 14 years

results in :results in :

VA and KY ResolutionsVA and KY Resolutions - Madison and Jefferson- Madison and Jefferson - a state can nullify a federal law- a state can nullify a federal law - a state can secede if it chooses- a state can secede if it chooses **** State’s Rights********* State’s Rights*****

* What was “The Revolution Of * What was “The Revolution Of 1800”?1800”?

Peaceful change of gov’tPeaceful change of gov’t

-- election goes to the HoRelection goes to the HoR

- Hamilton / Burr- Hamilton / Burr

Policy changedPolicy changed

*ID important events of TJ’s *ID important events of TJ’s presidencypresidency

Attack on Federalists Attack on Federalists --repealed Whiskey Tax; A & S Acts expiredrepealed Whiskey Tax; A & S Acts expired -replaced Federalists with D-R’s-replaced Federalists with D-R’s

LA Purchase -1803LA Purchase -1803 - doubles USA and TJ changes- doubles USA and TJ changes

Embargo Act of 1807 (TJ)Embargo Act of 1807 (TJ)Non Intercourse Act 1809 (Madison)Non Intercourse Act 1809 (Madison)Marbury v MadisonMarbury v Madison

- the Judiciary act of 1801 created new federal courts, therefore more federal - the Judiciary act of 1801 created new federal courts, therefore more federal judges for Adams to appoint judges for Adams to appoint

- the Judiciary Act of 1789 gave the SC the power to issue a writ of - the Judiciary Act of 1789 gave the SC the power to issue a writ of mandamus (an order) (p 206)mandamus (an order) (p 206)

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

The Marshall court ruled that, although Marbury The Marshall court ruled that, although Marbury deserved his commission, the court could not deserved his commission, the court could not order that it be delivered because Congress order that it be delivered because Congress could not give a power to the Supreme Court could not give a power to the Supreme Court which the Constitution did not grant. which the Constitution did not grant. – This was a landmark decision because it was the first This was a landmark decision because it was the first

time that the court claimed for itself the right of judicial time that the court claimed for itself the right of judicial review, the right to determine the constitutionality of review, the right to determine the constitutionality of

an act of Congress. an act of Congress. CJCJ John Marshall: - John Marshall: - used Judicial used Judicial Review for the first time to rule against MarburyReview for the first time to rule against Marbury

Causes for The War of 1812Causes for The War of 1812

CausesCausesloss of federalist political power (Pres. / Congress)loss of federalist political power (Pres. / Congress)GB ‘s seizure of US merchant ships and cargoGB ‘s seizure of US merchant ships and cargoGB’s Impressment of US sailorsGB’s Impressment of US sailorsAnti-British sentiment in US public opinionAnti-British sentiment in US public opinion

- loss of maritime jobs and recession due to war and TJ’s policies- loss of maritime jobs and recession due to war and TJ’s policiesGB -> still in the Ohio ValleyGB -> still in the Ohio ValleyUS Ambition: “War Hawks”US Ambition: “War Hawks”

- get Canada, Florida- get Canada, Florida

**** Hartford Convention**** Hartford Convention (nullify and secede)(nullify and secede)

* ID Results of the War of 1812* ID Results of the War of 1812

ResultsResultsTreaty of Ghent 1814Treaty of Ghent 1814

* no real territorial advantage* no real territorial advantage * we avoid defeat again* we avoid defeat again

Encouraged isolationism / neutralityEncouraged isolationism / neutralityIncreased migration WestIncreased migration WestEncouraged growth of American Industry (textiles)Encouraged growth of American Industry (textiles)End of the Federalist PartyEnd of the Federalist PartyRise of American NationalismRise of American NationalismNorthern border setNorthern border setOregon shared with GBOregon shared with GBGreat Lakes – joint occupation with GBGreat Lakes – joint occupation with GB

map – p204map – p204

Relate Sectionalism to NationalismRelate Sectionalism to Nationalism

Define:Define:

Sectionalism (Regionalism)Sectionalism (Regionalism)

- distinctive parts of a unit- distinctive parts of a unit

- ID America’s regions : N,S,W- ID America’s regions : N,S,W

NationalismNationalism

- pride in one’s country- pride in one’s country

Can both concepts develop in the same country, at Can both concepts develop in the same country, at the same time?the same time?

YESYES

* ID Results of the War of 1812* ID Results of the War of 1812

ResultsResultsTreaty of Ghent 1814Treaty of Ghent 1814

* no real territorial advantage* no real territorial advantage * we avoid defeat again* we avoid defeat again

Encouraged isolationismEncouraged isolationismIncreased migration WestIncreased migration WestEncouraged growth of American IndustryEncouraged growth of American IndustryEnd of the Federalist PartyEnd of the Federalist PartyRise of American NationalismRise of American NationalismNorthern border setNorthern border setOregon sharedOregon sharedGreat Lakes – joint occupationGreat Lakes – joint occupation

map – p204map – p204

Describe the American Economy Describe the American Economy 1810 - 18501810 - 1850

Revolutions in :Revolutions in : productionproduction – an Industrial Revolution – an Industrial Revolution (see visual)(see visual) machine production encourages the use of interchangeable parts,machine production encourages the use of interchangeable parts, mass production, and job specializationmass production, and job specialization transportationtransportation marketmarket

- new technology : the cotton gin (Eli Whitney) and the - new technology : the cotton gin (Eli Whitney) and the steam engine (Robert Fulton), the Mechanical Reaper (Cyrus steam engine (Robert Fulton), the Mechanical Reaper (Cyrus McCormick) and Textile Mills (Samuel Slater)McCormick) and Textile Mills (Samuel Slater)

Over time, Over time, the “Factory System”the “Factory System” replaces the “Domestic System” replaces the “Domestic System”

““King Cotton”King Cotton”

The Cotton Gin – Eli WhitneyThe Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney

- see chart- see chart

Describe the influence of western Describe the influence of western expansionexpansion

Land – people – territories formedLand – people – territories formedResources increaseResources increaseTerritories b/c StatesTerritories b/c States

-more people, more voters, more electoral votes (2+X)-more people, more voters, more electoral votes (2+X)N. A. policy is neededN. A. policy is neededSectionalism Sectionalism

- N, S, W - N, S, W - economic, cultural differences - economic, cultural differences

Slavery issueSlavery issue p221,p223 –new states (Missouri)p221,p223 –new states (Missouri)

What was “The American System”?What was “The American System”?

1.1. Need for commerce to develop to encourage America’s self-Need for commerce to develop to encourage America’s self-sufficiency ( to support Neutrality / Isolationism trend)sufficiency ( to support Neutrality / Isolationism trend)

2.2. Bring the 3 regions (sections) together economicallyBring the 3 regions (sections) together economically

Henry Clay (KY):Henry Clay (KY):

Approve a second Nat’l BankApprove a second Nat’l Bank

Support a Tariff (1816)Support a Tariff (1816)

Approve National funding for internal improvements in S and WApprove National funding for internal improvements in S and W

-roads and canals…-roads and canals…

and…..rr linesand…..rr lines

7.2 Our first steps in FP-7.2 Our first steps in FP-.continued.continued

GB – FRGB – FRNeutralityNeutralityThe Monroe Doctrine 1823The Monroe Doctrine 1823

- neutrality for independent N / S America- neutrality for independent N / S America - no intervention or colonization by european countries- no intervention or colonization by european countries ( no “or else”yet)( no “or else”yet)

Establishing BordersEstablishing Borders - Adams-Onis 1819- Adams-Onis 1819 -Rush-Bagot 1817 p221-Rush-Bagot 1817 p221 -Convention of 1818-Convention of 1818

7.2 How did the SC reinforce 7.2 How did the SC reinforce Federal supremacy?Federal supremacy?

Marbury v. Madison 1803Marbury v. Madison 1803

McCulloch v. Md. 1819McCulloch v. Md. 1819

Gibbons v. Ogden 1824Gibbons v. Ogden 1824

Fletcher v. Peck 1819Fletcher v. Peck 1819

Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819

* The Marshall Court* The Marshall Court

Describe the Missouri Compromise Describe the Missouri Compromise of 1820of 1820

Why did it happen?Why did it happen?

Who was responsible?Who was responsible?

What were the conditions?What were the conditions?

What were the results?What were the results?

map –p223map –p223

Describe the “Era of Good Feelings”Describe the “Era of Good Feelings”(1800)(1800) -1824 -1824

The Federalist party dies out…The Federalist party dies out…1 Party remains:1 Party remains:

-Anti-Feds-Anti-Feds ; ; Dem-Rep’sDem-Rep’s ; Rep’s ;……… ; Rep’s ;………TJ (8), Madison (8),TJ (8), Madison (8), Monroe (8), JQ Adams (4) Monroe (8), JQ Adams (4)

18001800-1824-1824 - election opponents were from different regions of the - election opponents were from different regions of the

country; but from the same partycountry; but from the same party

…… ……. The . The National RepublicansNational RepublicansThe “National Republicans” adopt some The “National Republicans” adopt some federalist policies that support national growth federalist policies that support national growth and power – (BUS, tariffs)and power – (BUS, tariffs)

7.3 Describe the elections of 1824 7.3 Describe the elections of 1824 and 1828and 1828

1824 – “ The Corrupt Bargain” 1824 – “ The Corrupt Bargain”

- the popular vote and Henry Clay- the popular vote and Henry Clay

- AJ begins immediately to win in 1828- AJ begins immediately to win in 1828

The end of “The Era of Good Feelings”The end of “The Era of Good Feelings”

*party politics returns*party politics returns

* the birth of the Democratic Party* the birth of the Democratic Party

* “Jacksonian Democracy” takes shape in AJ’s image* “Jacksonian Democracy” takes shape in AJ’s image

1828 – Jackson wins1828 – Jackson wins

Describe “Jacksonian Democracy”Describe “Jacksonian Democracy”

Democracy for all….Democracy for all….New groups emerge with new expectationsNew groups emerge with new expectationsUS is a blend of industrial / commercial and agriculture US is a blend of industrial / commercial and agriculture culturesculturesSocial and Economic as well as Political Equality (… for Social and Economic as well as Political Equality (… for who?... ) – Egalitarian (ch. 8)who?... ) – Egalitarian (ch. 8)Features at the state level:Features at the state level:

new states with new state constitutions that bring new states with new state constitutions that bring reforms (like voting qualifications)reforms (like voting qualifications)Features at the national level:Features at the national level:

new leaders (nat’l and state)new leaders (nat’l and state) “ “the spoils system” --Patronagethe spoils system” --Patronage

AJ’s N.A. PoliciesAJ’s N.A. Policies

Indian Removal Act 1830Indian Removal Act 1830 -federal $$ for treaty negotiation -forced-federal $$ for treaty negotiation -forced -Oklahoma territory-Oklahoma territory

Worchester v. Ga. 1832Worchester v. Ga. 1832 - SC affirms independent rights of the Cherokees- SC affirms independent rights of the Cherokees

-AJ ignores SC ruling-AJ ignores SC ruling

The “Trail of Tears” 1838The “Trail of Tears” 1838 -VanBuren completes the policy-VanBuren completes the policy

-forced removal of Cherokee-forced removal of Cherokee

7.4 Describe the Nullification Crisis7.4 Describe the Nullification Crisis

The Tariff of 1828The Tariff of 1828 - the “Tariff of Abominations”- the “Tariff of Abominations” - John Calhoun, VP v. AJ --- issue of “STATES RIGHTS”- John Calhoun, VP v. AJ --- issue of “STATES RIGHTS” * “toast duel”* “toast duel” * Senate debate –Daniel Webster (Ma) v. Robert * Senate debate –Daniel Webster (Ma) v. Robert

Hayne (SC)Hayne (SC) - SC Ordinance of Nullification – 1832 (like Va and KY - SC Ordinance of Nullification – 1832 (like Va and KY

resolutions)resolutions) - Tariff Act - 1832- Tariff Act - 1832 - Clay compromises again on tariff and avoids a - Clay compromises again on tariff and avoids a

showdownshowdown - Force Act - 1833- Force Act - 1833

Describe AJ’s fight against the USBDescribe AJ’s fight against the USB

BUS battle / election of 1832BUS battle / election of 1832 -Clay and Webster try to trap AJ and push the BUS renewal early and -Clay and Webster try to trap AJ and push the BUS renewal early and

make him veto it (not up for renewal until 1836) – he did… and..make him veto it (not up for renewal until 1836) – he did… and.. -backfires –AJ wins-backfires –AJ wins re-electionre-election

––AJ campaigned against BUS and Nicholas Biddle ---and since he AJ campaigned against BUS and Nicholas Biddle ---and since he won; he decided to act to destroy the BUS – b/c the people have won; he decided to act to destroy the BUS – b/c the people have spoken thru his election ----they don’t want the BUSspoken thru his election ----they don’t want the BUS

Bank CrisisBank Crisis -AJ’s PET BANKS and Biddle’s loan recall results in-AJ’s PET BANKS and Biddle’s loan recall results ineconomic recession which Van Buren inherits along with Indian removaleconomic recession which Van Buren inherits along with Indian removal

““King Andrew” or “Old Hickory”King Andrew” or “Old Hickory”Which best fits AJ ?Which best fits AJ ?

AJ :State or National Power ??AJ :State or National Power ?? ? --States Rights or strong central gov’t? --States Rights or strong central gov’t indian removalindian removal nullificationnullification the BUSthe BUS the issue for AJ was the use of presidential power (Inherent) – the the issue for AJ was the use of presidential power (Inherent) – the

president had to represent the peoplepresident had to represent the people

The culture of Jacksonian Democracy expands The culture of Jacksonian Democracy expands participationparticipationThe Whig Party develops….The Whig Party develops….

- In opposition to AJ’s policies and use of power- In opposition to AJ’s policies and use of power - support Protective Tariffs and a nat’l banking system- support Protective Tariffs and a nat’l banking system - WH Harrison / Tyler – Whig Presidents- WH Harrison / Tyler – Whig Presidents

How do each of these developments illustrate How do each of these developments illustrate growing American nationalism ?growing American nationalism ?

A TariffA Tariffconnecting the states ( roads, canals, rr)connecting the states ( roads, canals, rr)our bordersour bordersthe 2the 2ndnd US bank US bankMonroe DoctrineMonroe DoctrineSC rulingsSC rulingsThe end of the FederalistsThe end of the FederalistsEra of “good feelings” -1 partyEra of “good feelings” -1 partyRise of the Democratic PartyRise of the Democratic Party