What do you think it means to be ethical? Date/Copy/Answer You
need your books today!!!!! 1
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What do you think you should study to prepare for the quiz on
early civilizations? Copy/Date/Answer Current events due
tomorrow!!! 2
Slide 3
What do you think it means to be ethical? Date/Copy/Answer You
need your books today!!!!! 3
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So far, how does Malalas life in the book compare and contrast
with your life? Date/Copy/Answer 4
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Study!!! 5
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1. Monsoons 2. Citadel 3. Sanskrit 4. Brahmins 5. Epics 6.
Bhagavad Gita 7. Caste System 8. Monism 9. Maya 10. Reincarnation
11. Nirvana 12. Polygyny 13. Suttee 14. Inoculation 6 When you are
finished get out your timeline. Decorate the front however you
would like. Add dates from chapter two that you think were
important. *The timelines on pg.18 and pg. 48 will help you.
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Read section 1 of chapter 3 7
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Human migration has been an important part of society
throughout history. How does immigration affect the society of the
US today? Copy/Date/Answer 8
Slide 9
Make a chart that lists at least 10 facts about the Harappa
civilization (includes Mohenjo Daro), using the information on
pages 53-55. Organize your chart into four columns labeled:
government, religion, technology, and economy. 9
Slide 10
Using the information in Chapter 3 Section 2, compare and
contrast the Indo-Aryan Migrants to the Egyptians (Chapter 2
Section 1 &2). Religion Geography & Protection Economy
Trading Transportation Contributions/Achievements Etc 10
Slide 11
Begin to brainstorm about a historical poem you can write about
your life. You may write about one specific event that happened to
you or you may choose to write an epic about your entire life. Half
a page It can rhyme, but it does not have to If you do not finish
it is homework! 11
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Describe the social classes in American society.
Date/Copy/Answer 12
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Describe the social classes in American society? Date/ Copy/
Answer 13
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How is the Indian caste system and Hinduism related?
Date/Copy/Answer Journals due today! 14
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Chapter 3 Section 3 15
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Around 700 b.c., some Indian religious thinkers started to
question the authority of the Brahmins and spread their messages
through the Ganges Plain. Their beliefs became known as Vedanta
(end of Vedas) and were written in Upanishads (written explanations
of the Vedas). People who could not read nor write had to learn
through stories or epics through word of mouth. Epic of Ramayana:
Rama, a prince and an incarnation of the god Vishnu, and his wife
Sita. Sita was kidnapped by a demon. Rama had to rescue her and
became a king. They became role models for men and women. 16
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17
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Between 1500 B.C. and A.D. 500 a caste system developed in
Indian society after the Indo-Aryan migration. 4 distinct Varnas
(social classes) 1.Rulers and Warriors 2.Brahmins 3.Merchants,
Traders, and Farmers 4.Peasants A fifth group that did not even
belong in a Varna, were the untouchables or pariahs. Only held jobs
that were considered unclean. Later, the Varna were split into
smaller subgroups, called jati. Strict rules Determined jobs
18
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Interwoven with the caste system. Developed from the Brahmin
priests explanations of the Vedas. Divine essence called Brahmin
fills everything Everyone has an individual essence called Atman.
Teaches that Brahmin and Atman are one in the same. All things in
the universe are the same essence as God = Monism. Teaches that the
world is an illusion, Maya, and you must reject it. Believed it
took a long to recognize and reject Maya and that is why a persons
soul must be reborn over and over (Reincarnation). 20
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1. Dharma: doing ones moral duty in this life so that the soul
can advance in the next life. 2. Karma: the good or bad force
created by a persons actions. People who fulfill their dharma will
have good karma and be reborn into a higher social group. People
who receive bad karma will be reborn into a lower social group or
as animals. 3. Souls that grow spiritually eventually reach
nirvana. When the cycle of reincarnation is complete and the soul
unites with Brahmin. 21
Slide 22
Often practice yoga, a set of mental and physical exercises
designed to bring the body and soul together. Festivals including
rituals, music, dancing, eating, and drinking. Represent the
seasonal course of nature and welcome the return of a season. Cows
are sacred Provide power for plows and carts Produce milk and
butter for food Therefore they are protected by law 22
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Founder = Siddhartha Gautama, aka Buddha. He was the son of a
wealthy prince of the region. Grew up with every luxury there was
and knew nothing about real-life hardships such as poverty,
disease, fear, or ordinary life. He ventured out at the age of 29,
and was shocked to learn about the everyday life of others. He left
his family and lifestyle to search for truth and meaning (the Great
Renunciation). Practiced yoga and fasted so much he almost died.
But he did not find the answers he was looking for. After six years
of searching, he sat under a tree meditating and felt he now
understood the way of life, which is the moment he became Buddha.
Spent the rest of his life teaching his followers to pursue the way
of life. 24
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He accepted some Hindu ideas, including reincarnation. However,
he thought salvation comes from knowing the Four Noble Truths and
following the Eightfold Paths. Taught ethics a code of morals and
conduct Believed desire causes suffering and stressed the
importance of selflessness. Did not accept the Hindu gods, but
taught that priests should live peaceful, moral lives of poverty.
Any person, regardless of caste system could reach nirvana. 26
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27
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Buddha only had a few followers during his lifetime. However,
over several centuries, his teaching won the wide acceptance of
Asia. Between 200 B.C. an d A.D. 200, Buddhism split into two
branches: Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Theravada Followed
traditional beliefs of Buddhism and regarded Buddha as a great
teacher and spiritual leader. Mahayana regarded Buddha as a god and
savior. 28
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Get into groups of 4. Each person in the group will pick one of
The Four Nobles Truths to write about. Each student should write a
paragraph (5-7 sentences) about what their Noble Truth means.
Provide examples of how they can be applied to everyday life. When
you are finished discuss each Noble Truth with your group. Pg. 64
30
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Write down at least two main ideas that you learned about
Hinduism and Buddhism. 31
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Do you think cultural advances are a good way to measure the
historical significance of a nation? What are the top 5
achievements that you think the United States will be remembered
for in the future? Date/Copy/Answer Journals due today!!!! 32
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No journal today! 33
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Chapter 3 Section 4 34
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Around 500 B.C. Ancient India was not unified, Northern India
had at least 16 kingdoms. The most powerful kingdom Magadha tried
to unify India. Was conquered by the Persian ruler Darius the Great
around 510 B.C. Regained control until about 320 B.C., when their
power started to decline. A young adventurer Chandragupta Maurya
established the Mauryan Empire and they ruled for about 150 years.
A Greek diplomat that worked in the Mauryan court kept detailed
records of his experiences, so that is how we know so much about
Chandraguptas rule. 35
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Built a palace at Pataliputra on the Ganges River. Raised an
army of 600,000 soldiers with chariots and elephants. Army united
northern India from the Ganges River to the region west of the
Indus River. Workers dug mines and built centers for spinning and
weaving. Standardized weights and measures throughout the empire.
Established standards for physicians. 36
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Chandraguptas grandson, Asoka, came to power in about 270 B.C.
Fought many bloody wars to expand the empire to all of India except
the southern tip. First imperial dynast to hold nearly all of
India. Grew tired of violent battles and killing, so he became a
Buddhist. Many more people became Buddhist and he sent missionaries
to other countries to spread the faith. The Beloved of the
Godshonors members of all sects.Whoever honors his own sect and
disparages [speaks ill of] another mans does his own sect the
greatest possible harm. Concord [harmony] is best, with each
hearing and respecting each others teachings. Worked to improve
living conditions throughout the empire. 37
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After his death in about 232 B.C. the empire started to
decline. His sons fought each other for the throne and the northern
province was attacked by outside invaders. The empire collapsed. In
return, Buddhism started to decline as well, and Hinduism became
more prominent in India In the A.D. 300s the Gupta family came to
power and took over Magadha. Ruler Chandra Gupta I Expanded through
conquest and conquest and intermarriage. Hinduism became the
dominant religion Chandra Gupta II (374-515A.D.)- great progress
was made in the arts 39
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Chapter 3 Section 5 40
Slide 41
Identify and list the cultural advances of the Ancient Indians.
Explain what the advances are and why they are significant. Add
significant/memorable dates to your timeline 41
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42 10/8
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No Journal! 43
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44
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Trade: expanded to northern India under the Guptas; silks,
cotton, wool, ivory, spices, and precious gems. Far East, Southwest
Asia, Africa, and Europe Fables from the Panchatantra (five books)
stories with morals that taught good characteristics. Translated to
many other languages Drama- plays Murals painted in caves depicted
daily life and Buddha Architects designed temples Built thousands
of Stupas dome shaped shrines where they placed objects associated
with Buddha. Education: higher caste children received formal
education studying many subjects; lower caste children learned
crafts or trades. Nalanda a famous Buddhist university Mathematics-
Algebra Aryabhata (one of the 1 st to use Algebra) Astronomy
identified 7 planets and understood the rotation of the earth and
predicted eclipses of the sun and moon. Medicine bone setting and
plastic surgery, developed inoculation (infecting a person with the
mild form of a disease so they will become immune to the more
serious form). Smallpox Built free hospitals and practiced
cleanliness procedures 45
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No journal! If you havent turned in your journal yet, do that!
46
Slide 47
No journal! If you havent turned in your journal yet, do that!
47
Slide 48
On a blank sheet of paper, write whether you agree or disagree
with the following statements (support your point of view with an
explanation): Cultures that grow in isolation from other cultures
generally do not develop new ideas, nor do they emphasize inquiry
and innovation. Unsuccessful foreign invasions have little or no
effect on the way that a culture grows or develops. Leaders who
combine harsh rule with actions to help their people are often
successful. 48
Chapter 4 Section 1 After finishing the worksheet, do the
skills practice questions on pg. 77. This will be turned in and
used to assess how well you can analyze maps. 50
Slide 51
Go ahead and make a chart titled Developments Under the Shang
Dynasty. Label 3 columns: Farming Advances Craft Advances
Government Accomplishments If you finish this, you may go ahead and
start reading the section to find the developments. We will go
through this chapter at the beginning of next class. 51
Slide 52
How did cultures without writing pass down their history from
one generation to the next? Copy/Date/Answer 52
Slide 53
How did cultures without writing pass down their history from
one generation to the next? Copy/Date/Answer 53
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54
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What are the qualities that make a good leader?
Date/Copy/Answer 55
Slide 56
What are the qualities that make a good leader?
Copy/Date/Answer 56
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57
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Conquest of China in about 1050 256 B.C. Formed alliances with
several smaller states to the south and west of the Shang and
eventually defeated them. No centralized government. Gave territory
to members of the royal family and their allies Rulers of
territories gave military service and tribute to the Zhou Kings.
Rulers believed that the god of Heaven decides who rules China =
Mandate of Heaven. Around 700 B.C., the kings were losing control
as the local rulers were fighting among themselves. The dynasty as
a whole grew weak and was often attacked by outsiders. Legend of
King Yu In 771 B.C., invaders destroyed the capital and they had to
flee eastward and establish a new capital. Lasted for 500 more
years, until what is known as the Warring States began to compete
for control. 58
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59
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One of the Warring States, The Qin, emerged victorious in 221
B.C. due to their military strength. The ruler was a man named
Cheng, who gave himself the title as the first emperor. Only lasted
15 years, but made many contributions to Chinese life. The Western
name for China = Cheng Replaced the feudal system of the Zhou
dynasty and unified China. Extended their territory and maintained
control by establishing an autocracy. Cheng did not like scholars
to investigate and discuss problems freely. He suppressed and even
executed ones that criticized the government. Began to build
defensive walls around their borders. Later dynasties added to it,
connected together making the Great Wall of China (1,500 miles long
during Qin Dynasty). Forced labor was used for public works like
the Great Wall, which made the people angry and discontent. In 206
B.C., a rebel army revolted, the same year Liu Bang (a commoner who
had become a Qin general) overthrew the empire and founded his own
know as the Han. 60
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61
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Liu Ban took the title, King of Han and the dynasty became
known as the Han Dynasty. Kept the idea of a centralized govt like
the Qin, however, they kept power for about 400 years. Made so many
developments that influenced China today. Many Chinese today call
themselves People of Han. Liu Che, the longest ruler, greatly
extended the empire. The Han ruled over an area larger than the
Roman Empire. Established a civil service system to govern China.
Runs the day-to-day business of the govt. Created a system of
examinations to select the most qualified candidates for civil
service positions. Liu Che established an imperial university to
train people. Liu Che established an economic policy called
leveling. Using price controls to balance farm surpluses or
shortages. Prosperous trade along the Silk Road. Paper, a Chinese
invention, spread to the western world. 62
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63
Slide 64
Decide whether you would have preferred to live under Zhou,
Qin, or Han rule. Write a paragraph that supports your point of
view. A paragraph is 5-7 sentences! 64
Slide 65
Do you think the Han emperors rule was an example of a pure
autocracy, or an arrangement that placed obligations on both rulers
and people. Give reasons to support your answer. 65
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66
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How are a societys values reflected in their laws?
Copy/Date/Answer 67
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How are societys values reflected in their laws?
Date/Copy/Answer 68
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Balance: Everything in the world results from a balance between
two forces, yin and yang. Yin = Female, Dark, & Passive Yang =
Male, Bright, & Active Yin and yang do not conflict each other,
they work together and depend on each other. Balance in human
affairs is a normal condition. Ex) extremes such as harsh govt or
anarchy should not last long. 70
Slide 71
Chinese philosophers developed new ideas to explain economic,
political, and social change during the Zhou era. Leading
philosopher Confucius ( 551 B.C. 479 B.C.) Teaching were collected
in analects His teachings later became known as Confucianism
Confucianism had the largest impact on philosophy in Chinese life.
3 principles as the basis of the philosophy: 1. Family 2. Respect
for ones elders 3. And reverence for the past and ones ancestors
Didnt teach about religion, gods, death, life after death, or
issues of faith Only concerned with political and social unrest;
emphasized how moral and ethical leadership could solve those
problems. 71
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Confucius encouraged Chinas leaders to show strong, positive
behavior. He believed this could be done in two ways: 1. Willingly
accept his/her position in society & perform the duties of that
role 2. Govt and leaders be virtuous (correct behavior towards
others). He believed leaders should be honest and honorable instead
of focusing on power and wealth. Their greatest interest should be
the welfare and happiness of the people. People would more
willingly follow a leader who followed his guidelines. Mencius, a
strong supporter of Confucianism, also believed people had a right
to rebel against a weak or harsh ruler. Ex) unjust rulers who
oppress their people surrendered their right to rule and should be
overthrown, by force if necessary. Their teachings became part of
Chinas classical tradition over time. 73
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Appeared about the same time as Confucianism. According to
legend, Laozi (LOWD-ZOO) founded the philosophy. Its central idea,
Dao, is defined as the way. An indescribable force that governed
the universe and all of nature. Taught that people should withdraw
from the world and contemplate nature so they could understand the
Dao and live with it in harmony. Laozi thought people should not
strive for material wealth. Unlike, Confucius, he shunned politics
and advised people not to seek power. Their only concern should be
to bring themselves into harmony with Dao by being humble, quiet,
and thoughtful. 2 nd in importance to Chinese philosophy behind
Confucianism. Appealed to many kinds of people 75
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Like Confucianism, Legalism concerned itself with politics.
However, Legalists believed in power not virtue Harsh laws People
are naturally selfish and untrustworthy Peace and prosperity could
only be reached by enforcing harsh punishment to those that broke
the laws. When the Han dynasty fell, people found comfort in the
values of Buddhism because it emphasized charity and compassion,
ideals that other philosophies had overlooked. Mahayana Buddhism
(Buddha as savior) was more popular. Believed Buddha was committed
to help all humans escape from the miseries of the world. 77
Slide 78
Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism provided moral and ethical
guides to right living. They strongly influenced Chinese social
ideals, attitudes, and individual and group behavior. Legalism
provided a strong foundation for Chinese government. Confucianism
won the most followers. 78
Slide 79
Each person from your group will take on the role of either a
Daoist, a Legalist, or a Confucian. Discuss and debate within your
roles and teachings the following questions: 1. What should be the
main goal in life? 2. Are people basically bad or good? 3. What is
the best kind of government? When you are finished debating with
your group, make a graphic organizer explaining each philosophy
based on the debate. What are the consequences of following each
philosophy? 79
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What is one question you still want to know about Ancient
Chinese culture? Date/Copy/Answer 80
Slide 81
What is one thing you would like to know about ancient Chinese
culture? Date/Copy/Answer 81
Slide 82
Think about the concept of family in the United States today.
Describe the various family units. Date/Copy/Answer 82
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83
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Family, respect for age, and acceptance of decisions made by
ones superiors are the three values that shape all aspects of their
culture. Family over the individual Upper class families kept
detailed records of their genealogy When family members die they
become ancestors that are links to the familys past, present, and
future. Typical upper-class family structure: Father, wife, sons
and their wives and children, and unmarried daughters. Usually live
together in one house Father in charge arranged marriages for
children and grandchildren, decided how much education sons would
receive Women had fewer rights than men. No property rights
However, society was taught to respect mothers and mothers-in-law
When married, women become servants of husbands family They become
more important after bearing children, especially sons 84
Slide 85
Most Chinese lived a very difficult farm lifestyle, working as
small village farmers. Some families would work the fields together
in groups with other families, using ox-drawn plows, and systems of
irrigation and flood control. The govt required peasants to pay
taxes and perform labor on canals, roads, rivers, and other public
construction projects. Trade was not too important for the economy
until the Qin dynasty. Qin leaders brought much reform to the
economy Standardized currency and the system of weights and
measures Expanded trade even more duding the Han dynasty when the
Silk Road linked China with Mediterranean region. 85
Slide 86
The Chinese education system relied on a small number of texts
to train scholars and civil servants. Texts created a common
culture across China The texts were known as The Five Classics.
Emphasized respect for tradition It is still unknown who wrote them
or when they were written. We do know they became important during
the Zhou dynasty. 1. Book of Songs (Poems): contains more than 300
songs about domestic life, joy, love, and politics. 2. Book of
History: contains speeches and documents about govt. 3. Book of
Changes: the art of predicting the future. 4. The Spring and Autumn
Annals: a record of events in the city- state of Lu from 772 B.C.
to 481 B.C. 5. The Book of Rites: deals with manners and
ceremonies. Education only to a privileged few. 86
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Early astronomers learned that the year was slightly longer
than 365 days. Han dynasty astronomers refined these calculations.
In 28 B.C. astronomers observed sunspots Europeans did not make
similar observations until the A.D. 1600s. Before A.D. 100, Chinese
astronomers built instruments to track the movement of the planets
Invented: A seismograph that could register the slightest
earthquakes Paper, 1 st produced 150 B.C. Made from fishing nets,
hemp, old rags, and tree bark By the mid-1700s it spread throughout
central Asia and the Middle East Replaced papyrus as the main
writing material The sun dial The water clock The process of
printing 87
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Chinese scholars, especially Daoist's, were very interested in
Chemistry. Discovered substances for dyeing cloth and glazing
pottery. Developed medicine based on herbs and minerals. Most
widely known medicinal contribution was acupuncture. Daoist belief
that good health depends on the movement of a life force energy
through the body Illness or pain results when something interferes
with that movement Doctor inserts needles into certain points of
the body to enable the life force energy to move properly In modern
China it is used as an aesthetic during surgery Many Americans use
it to relieve pains from ailments such as cancer or arthritis.
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What is your favorite Halloween tradition? What traditions have
you done or plan to do this year for Halloween? Copy/Date/Answer
92
What is this holiday? What practices, rituals, traditions are
associated with the holiday? What country has this holiday?
Comparison to Halloween? 1. Samhain 2. Tang Chieh Festival 3. Yu
Lan Festival 4. Dia de los Muertos 5. Nos Galan Gaeaf 6. Mischief
Night 7. Undas 8. Obon Festival 94