Name:

Evolution TestMultiple Choice (2pts each)1) The species of finches (birds) that Charles Darwin found on these Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations Darwin noted was the a) similarities of the bird’s embryos b) bird’s different shaped beaksc) length of the bird’s neck d) number of eggs in each bird’s nest

2) A population of mosquitoes is sprayed with an insecticide. Most of the mosquitoes are killed, but a few survive. In the next generation the spraying continues, but even more mosquitos hatch that are not killed by the insecticide. How could one explain these results according to the concept of evolution?a) The insecticide caused a mutation to develop in the mosquitoes to help them surviveb) The mosquitoes learned how to fight the insecticide, and became resistantc) A few mosquitoes in the 1st generation were resistant, survived, and passed on their traits offspring.d) The insecticide caused all of the mosquitoes to develop an immune response, which led to resistance in the population

3) The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population is called the population’s a) relative frequency b) phenotype c) genotype d) gene pool

4) A change in the sequence of DNA is called a a) recombination b) polygenic trait c) single-gene trait d) mutation

5) The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called a) temporal isolation b) geographic isolation c) behavioral isolation d) gametic isolation

6) What situation might develop in a population having some plants whose flowers open at midday and other plants whose flowers open late in the day?a) behavioral isolation b) geographic isolation c) temporal isolation d) genetic drift

7) Comparing DNA and nucleotide sequences for evidence to support evolution is calleda) molecular evidence b) the fossil record c) homologous structures d) vestigial

8) Evidence for evolution that involves looking at how related species develop prior to birth is calleda) fetus comparision b) embryonic analysis c) fetus analysis d) embryological development

9) The trunk of an elephant would be a _______________ adaptation.a) behavioral b) structural c) physiological d) homologous

10) Emus, rheas, and ostriches have very similar adaptations for their environment, though their DNA shows they are not closely related. The best explanation for this isa) coevolution b) microevolution c) convergent evolution d) divergent evolution

11) Organisms or parts of organisms from the past that have been preserved over time are calleda) variations b) vestigial structures c) fossils d) homologous structures

12) White snow geese generally mate with white snow geese, while black ones mate with other black snow geese. This factor contributing to the change in the frequency of alleles in a population is a) genetic drift b) nonrandom mating c) pair bonding d) gametic isolation

Name: 13) Whales have hips that don't help them swimming in the ocean , so it could be described as a a) vestigial structure b) homologous structure c) maladaptive structure d) isolating structure

14) The type of selection picture below favors the mice with the lightest and the darkest fur colors. This type of selection is called a) directional selection b) stabilizing selection c) intrasexual selection d) disruptive selection

15) Two male lions battling out to see who gets to be the dominant male in a pride (and get to mate) is a) intrasexual selection b) intersexual selection c) stabilizing selection d) directional selection

16) Blue-footed boobies have really specific courtship displays involving a cool dance. Unless the male does his dance just right, the female will not allow mating. This results in a) habitat isolation b) temporal isolation c) gametic isolation d) behavioral isolation

17) Which of the following explains best how gene pools change to bring about evolutiona) mutations help organisms whenever they appear in organismsb) certain alleles permit animals to survive and they are more abundant in the next generationc) individuals alter their alleles to become better suited to the selective pressures of the environmentd) survival of the fittest members of a population increases variation in the gene pool

18) The arm of a human, the flipper of a whale, and the wing of a bat all have different functions but thesame underlying bone structure. These are referred to as __________________________.a) convergent structures b) homologous structures c) vestigial structures d) variable structures

19) The Earth is thought by geologists to be approximately _________________ years old.a) 750 million b) 750 billion c) 3.5 billion d) 4.6 billion e) 3.6 million

20) The oldest fossils are found near the _______________ of the Grand Canyon.a) top b) middle c) bottom d) there is no pattern to the age of fossils there

21) During drought on the Galapagos, the average beak size of a species of finch tend to get larger and larger. This is an example of ________________ selection.a) directional selection b) stabilizing selection c) intrasexual selection d) disruptive selection

22) A mule is a hybrid organism resulting from the mating of animals from two species --- a horse anda donkey. This cross represents organisms separated due to a) chemical isolation b) temporal isolation c) gametic isolation d) behavioral isolation

23) The presence of two very different forms of males in coho salmon --- the huge hooknose male and the

evolved population

original population

Name: very small, gray jack male is best explained by what type of selection?a) directional selection b) stabilizing selection c) intrasexual selection d) disruptive selection

24) Why is this true for question #23? Explain!

25) Evolution acts on __________a) individuals b) populations c) the next generation d) phenotypes

Short Answer (3pts each) 26) What were Lamarck's 2 main ideas? Give an example for each idea. 1.

Example

2.

Example

27) Match the four points of Darwin’s theory of evolution below to the following statements. Use each letter once.A. All organisms produce way more offspring than can possibly surviveB. All populations have great variation within speciesC. These factors lead to a struggle for survivalD. Those with a better set of variations survive better in the environment

______Cacti can live in dry environments because they are able to preserve water _____ Dioxins and Golden Retrievers are the same species _____ Some fish lay thousands of eggs at once _____ Two birds compete for the same food source

28) What is "On The Origin of Species" and why is it significant?

29) List 4 of the 7 main points of Darwin's Theory of Evolution.1. 2.

3. 4.

30) What is evolution changing over time? (use the new definition)

31) What is a gene pool?

Name:

For the questions below explain each answer in detail. Please use complete sentences.32) How is the idea of biogeography support evolution? Please explain in detail! (4pts)

33) If an organism shares a large percentage of their DNA with another organism what does this tell you about these two organisms? (5pts)

34) Give your own example of a population with stabilizing selection (you can make one up, but explain in detail how it is stabilizing and why). Include a graph of your stabilizing population. Don't forget to label your graph! (6pts)

35) What is coevolution? Use an example population in your explanation and tell how it is an example of coevolution. (5pts)

Name:

36) Draw and label the Miller-Urey experiment. Be sure to include each chamber and what it represents! (4pts)

37) What was the result of the Miller-Urey experiment and why is this important to our understanding of life on Earth? (4pts)

38) Based on the Miller-Urey experiment, do we know how life on Earth began? Explain why or why not. (4pts)

Classification Test

1) The science of grouping of organisms based on their similarities is called __________________.a) systematics b) nomenclature c) phylogeny d) taxonomy

Name: 2) The modern science of classifying which relies on an organism’s DNA sequences and theirevolutionary history (often seen in the fossil record) is called ________________________.a) systematics b) nomenclature c) phylogeny d) taxonomy

3) A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships of organisms is called aa) phylogeny b) dichotomous key c) cladogram d) binomial nomograph

4) The scientist who created the modern system for naming organisms is _____________________.a) Darwin b) Aristotle c) Linnaeus d) Lamarck

5) His system which applies two names to every organism is termed ________________________a) binomial nomenclature b) common naming c) taxon designation d) cladistics

6) The two names of an organism’s scientific name refer to the organism’s __________ and __________.a) kingdom; species b) family; genus c) genus; species d) kingdom; phylum

7) Starting with kingdom, list the 7 categories we use to classify organisms 1. Kingdom 2.3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8) Fill in the chart of each of the kingdoms below. Make sure all blanks are filled! Kingdom Heterotroph,

autotroph or bothCell Wall? Eukaryote, Prokaryote

or both?What makes this kingdom unique?

Archeabacteria No peptidoglycan in cell wall!

Animilia No No cell wall or chloroplasts!

Both Yes Prokaryote Peptidoglycan in cell wall

Fungi Yes Cell wall made of ___________

Protista Yes Eukaryote Cell wall made of ___________

Plantae Yes Eukaryote Cell wall made of ___________

9) What is an example of a protist? (kingdom protista!)

Name:

10) Use the letters to place these organism on this branching tree for classifying organisms.

11) What do we call the diagram above?

12) What do we call the following along the diagram – eukaryote, heterotrophy, animal etc.

13) What do we use the diagram above for?

14) Fill in the following for the insect above. Kingdom: Class:

Phylum: Order

ancestral organism

eukaryote

heterotroph

animal

backbone

fur

a) mossb) wormc) mushroomd) catfishe) E. Coli

Name:

15) Fill in the following for the insect above. Kingdom: Class:

Phylum: Order

----Review Bacteria On Your Own!----

Viruses1) _____Which cycle of a virus's life results in the destruction of the host cell?

a) replicationb) lyticc) lysogenicd) adsorption

2) _____A virus that remains inactive for many generations before becoming active goes through the ________ cycle.

a) lysogenicb) bacteriophagec) lyticd) platonic

3) _____Which is the correct sequence of steps in which a lytic cycle virus would infect a cell?a) Enter, attach, release, replicateb) Enter, replicate, attach, releasec) Release, replicate, enter, attachd) Attach, enter, replicate, release

4) _____Viruses cause infection by _____.a) reproducing by binary fissionb) producing toxins that harm the bodyc) forming endospores in the bodyd) entering body cells and replicating

5) _____Which is the correct structure of a virus?a) A carbohydrate coat, with nucleic acids inside.b) A protein coat, with viruses inside.c) A lipid bilayer coat, with mitochondria inside.d) A protein coat, with DNA or RNA inside.

6) _____Viruses can only replicate ________________.a) outside a living cellb) inside a living cellc) beside a living celld) at extreme temperatures

7) _____In the ____________ cycle, the virus takes over the cell and immediately reproduces. In

Name: the ________ cycle, the viral genetic material becomes part of the host cell’s DNA and can stay inactive for years.

a) lytic, lysogenicb) lysogenic, lyticc) aerobic, anaerobicd) anaerobic, aerobic

For the short answer below please be detailed in your answer. All answers should be in complete sentences!8) Give an example of a vector of a viral disease and the disease it transmits. (3pts)

9) Give 3 ways in which we classify or identify viruses from one another. Why is this important? (4pts)

10) Fill in the following numbers with the matching description for the Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles (3pts each)

A. The prophage may leave the host DNA and enter the lytic cycleB. In the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA integrates into the host DNAC. The cell lyses which releases the virusesD. The viral DNA circularizes E. In the lytic cycle, new viruses are madeF. The virus attaches a cell and injects its DNAG. The viral DNA is replicated when the host cell replicates its own DNA and divides H. The viral DNA continues the lytic cycle or enters the lysogenic cycle

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Name: 11) What is a prophage and how is it important to viral replication? (5pts)

12) Give a short description of each virus and how it affects its host! (9pts)Chickenpox:

Viral Hepatitis:

(HIV) AIDS:

13) The debate over whether a virus is living or nonliving is a hot topic in science. Using a chart, list characteristics that lead one to believe that a virus is living and ways that favor nonliving. (8pts)

Reason to believe it is LIVING Reasons to believe it is NON-LIVING

Name: 14) Discuss how the earliest viruses may have originated and how they have become the viruses they are today! (6pts)Original structure:

How they got into the first cells:

How they are the way they are today:

15) What is retrovirus and how is it different from other viruses? (5pts)

16) How do viruses cause cancer? Explain using the terms oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. Also include and example of a virus that causes cancer and what type of cancer it typically causes. (8pts)

----Review Fungi and Plants on your OWN!----

13

Name: