CHAPTERS 17-18IMPERIALISM AND THE FIGHT 4

FREEDOM!

“THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE BRITISH THRONE”

CHAPTER 17: IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM: When a stronger country takes over a weak one. This is also known as COLONIALISM or takin over! It is based on the principle of SOCIAL DARWINISM. This is a view based on Charles Darwin and the theory of Evolution and Natural Selection. It is the idea that the strong are better than the weak, and should take them over! I use this view in my classes repeatedly.

U have to remember that America and Europe were now the strongest countries on the planet. They were industrialized, they had guns, cannons and armor, and they wanted to spread Christianity to the ends of the earth.

WE see what Spain and Portugal did in Latin America after Christopher Columbus, and we learned about what England and America did to Japan and China in the chapter 16.

In this chapter we will learn about how Europe will take over India and the African continent, and how eventually these people will either fight or protest for their independence. Countries like India and South Africa will either use WAR or DIPLOMACY to get what they want: FREDDOM!

U have to remember that stronger countries viewed the peoples of the conquered areas as ‘savages’. The Native Americans, the Aztecs and Incas, the people of India and Africa. Not only were they technologically inferior but they didn’t find Jesus yet, and so the countries of Europe had a ‘DUTY’ to ‘HELP’ them.

Of course they hurt them more often than not. This is why in Chapter 15 we learn that through the Enlightenment the following colonial or subjugated areas will fight for their independence:- The 13 colonies

The French revolutiono Latin American revolutions

Haiti!!!!

WHAT DID EUROPE WANT FROM AFRICA1. Gold

2. Diamonds3. Platinum

4. Salt5. Ivory from elephants

6. Guano: Bat poop (good for putting on your cereal or for using for fuel)

- AP DEFINITION: IMPERIALISM: New patterns of global trade and production developed and further integrated the global economy as industrialists sought raw materials and new markets for the increasing amount and array of goods produced in their factories. This is known as ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM.

This means that industrialized countries like England or America needed 2 things:1. Raw materials for all their crap2. CUSTOMERS to buy all their crap

The OPIUM WARS between England and China are a PERFECT example of this. England grew heroin in India and FORCDED the Chinese to smoke it! After all, they weren’t gonna let the kids of London smoke it. Now we get to Africa

These are the countries that colonized Africa:Belgium- The CongoEngland: Ghana, Egypt, Kenya, Somalia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sierra Leone (Blood Diamond), South Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, ZimbabweFrance: Mali, Algeria, Chad, the Sudan, Togo, the Ivory Coast (elephants), Djibouti, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Tunisia

France took over a lot of former Islamic countries (Mali, Tunisia, Algeria) in the Sahara. Now they have a lot of problems with Islamic terrorism. Remember what happened to the cartoonists in Paris who published a picture of Muhammad.

U see, Africa and Europe are SO CLOSE, separated only by the Mediterranean, that today many migrants from North Africa, West Africa, east Africa, Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan want to come to Europe for a better life. But Europe can’t tale them all.

In 2015: 3700 drowned in the MediterraneanIn 2016: 5000 drowned

2015-2016: 14 people per day drown trying to cross the Med.

Sometimes these countries brought good things and sometimes they

brought bad. More than likely…BAD! U bee the judge.

Good vs Bad- Railroads

- Schools (forced to learn English whether they wanted to or not though)- Electric power plants

- Cars and buses- Telegraph lines

- Forced to become Christian!!- Massive racism

- Massive economic inequality (white vs, black/ Euro vs. native)- No industrialization

- Slavery was illegal by now (In the movie ‘Legend of Tarzan’ slavery is brought back.)

- But by and large only the white people were in charge and only the white people could get rich. In addition, every colonial empire had a pretty strict Social Caste System with Europeans on top, and black or brown people on the bottom.

** DON’T 4GET that every country we study has a CASTE SYSTEM!!!

THE HISTORY OF AFRICA

1. We all know that we’re all from Africa cuz that’s where the oldest skeletons were found (3 million and 7.6 million years old)

2. AP: The Bantu Migration: About 10,000 years ago, the Bantu people of Sub-Saharan Africa spread their language, their agricultural techniques, and new technologies like their ability to make iron weapons throughout the continent.

They were also responsible for what is known as “diffusion of language”. 2 of their most famous languages are: Swahili and Zulu

Swahili: SOPHOMORES ni slobs wakati wao kula Translation: I’ll never tell!

3. Islam comes to Africa (Mali and Ghana)- from 700-1100 Islam made its way to West Africa and North Africa but through peaceful means like TRADE for “SALT FOR GOLD”.

4. Then, after Christopher Columbus “discovered” America in 1491, we know that Africa participated in the SLAVE TRADE. Please don’t forget that since the beginning of human history, the continent of Africa has participated in the SLAVE TRADE both as victim and as perpetrator.

EUROPENA COLONIALISM OF AFRICA (1800-1950)

EUROPE COLONIZES AFRICA: 1800-1950Europe split Africa up like a pie during THE BERLIN CONFERENCE OF 1884I mean, they all just got together and just AGREED how to divide up the whole continent: “YOU GET THIS PART FRANCE, AND I’LL TAKE THIS PART GERMANY, IS THAT COOL WITH YOU ITALY?!”

African nations will not get their independence until the 1960’s after WWII. Unfortunately, because of European colonialism and corrupt African leaders after the 60’s too much of Africa is still very poor today.

1950-2016:Many African countries get their independence:

Libya: 1951 Sudan: 1956 Tunisia: 1956Ghana: 1967 Cameroon:1960 Mali: 1960 Madagascar: 1960

Below u will find 3 case studies of colonization and then independence: (Hop u like em1) South Africa 2) Australia 3) India

By the way, here is a list of the powerful and those taken over.This is ALL in the 1700’s, 1800’s and 1900’s!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

THE BRITISH EMPIRE- The 13 colonies (duh!)

- India- Australia and New Zealand (Oceania)

- South Africa- Canada

2. PORTUGUESE COLONIES- Brazil (duh!)

- A little piece of India in the middle of the Indian Ocean- East Africa on the left side of the Indian Ocean

- Madagascar on the left side of the Indian Ocean. (Worst cartoon EVER!)- Malaysia and Indonesia on the right side of the Indian Ocean (home of the

Komodo Dragon)

*Don’t forget that Vasco de Gama and BartholomueDias were Portuguese and made it ALL THE WAY AROUND

Africa into the Indian Ocean so of course they’re gonna take over the Indian Ocean

3. DUTCH COLONIES (Also called Holland)- The Dutch controlled New York before the British. It was called New

Amsterdam(They bought Manhattan from the Indians for $26.00 in the 1600’s. Now in Manhattan you can’t even get a Hotdog for $26.00)

- The Dutch controlled South Africa before the British- A few other little areas in Africa

- A few little islands in the Caribbean

- Also, a few little areas near Malaysia and Indonesia in the Indian Ocean- Indonesia (on the Indian Ocean) has Komodo Island : Home of the fierce

Komodo Dragon, which bites its prey, and then waits until it dies 24 hours later, just like Freshmen.

4. We know that Spain controlled almost ALL of Central America and South America (Y’all know the capitals, right?!)

4. The French:- A lot of Canada

- A lot of America B4 the Louisiana PurchaseSome islands in the Caribbean (St. Thomas and Martinique. Also St. Barts)

All of the empires above (British, French, Portuguese, Dutch) are MARITIME EMPIRES. That means that their power came from the sea. They had a strong navy with huge ships, advanced cannons and guns.

The prefix ‘mar’ means ‘sea’ in Latin. Other terms that come from ‘mar’ are: mariner,

CHAPTER 18: CASE STUDIES #1-3THE FIGHT 4 FREEDOM

The AP people want you to know how countries started to get their independence from imperialist and colonial governments.

II. Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring of states.A. Some colonies negotiated their independence. (NO WAR NECESSARY)B. Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle. (WAR!!!!)

C. Nationalist leaders in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule. (THE VIETNAM WAR, KOREAN WAR ETC.)

D. Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged both colonial

rule and inherited imperial boundaries.

III. Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences.A. The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to populationresettlements. (IN DIA AND PAKISTAN)B. The proliferation of conflicts led to various forms of ethnic violenceand the displacement of peoples resulting in refugee populations. (INDIA AND PAKISTAN)

C. The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires.

We will use 3 case studies to illustrate this. (All of this happened in the 1900’s so technically its Historical Period 6: 1900-2017)

1. India and Pakistan with Gandhi2. South Africa with Nelson Mandela3. Australia with crocodiles

CASE STUDY #1: AUSTRALIA

First of all, in AP, Australia, New Zealand and the island of Polynesia are known as OCEANIA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

- People first came to Oceania about 50,000 years ago.- We then had the maritime (sea) migration of people from Australia and New Zealand to the beautiful - -- -Polynesian islands of Hawaii and the Pacific about 10,000 years ago. These are islands like Tahiti, Fiji and …Samoa (Fun Fact: Hawaii has black sand beaches because of cooled lava from the volcanoes)- It’s about 5,000 miles from New Zealand to Hawaii so of course it took humans a longggg time to get there.- When the Australians went to the various islands of Polynesia they brought transplanted foods and new domesticated animals like …the kangaroo? Do you wanna watch a You Tube video of kangaroos fighting? NO! Ur TOO violent!!

Fun fact: Australia was set up as a penal colony. That means that England sent all their criminals to the island. That means that everyone from there is related to ………criminals, scoundrels and crocodile dundee!!!!!!!!!!!

The original people in Oceania were:1. The aborigines in Australia2. The Maori in New Zealand3. England slaughters them both when they discover gold there!4. Then they segregate the hell out of them just like in South Africa5. The Prime Minister of Australia will not APOLOGIZE to them until 2008!!!!

AUSSIE INDEPENDENCE AND NEW ZEALAND Australia gets their independence in 1904 but keeps the Queen of England. New Zealand gets their independence in 1908 and gives women the right to vote there too. Fun Fact: women will not get the right to vote in America until after WWI, the 19th amendment in 1920.

Fun facts about New Zealand- Whaling is huge in both Australia and New Zealand but the discovery channel is constantly trying to get them to stop. Whale oil and whale blubber are very expensive- In New Zealand, the people slaughter 60,000 seals every year. They get $100 per seal. They use clubs instead of bullets to save money!- On the island of New Zealand, there are more sheep than people!

New Zealand is where “the lord of the rings” was filmed

CASE STUDY #2: SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEF HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA1. South Africa was ruled by a guy named SHAKA, who was head of the Zulu Tribe. Hence, his name was SHAKA ZULU.

Fun Fact: His father’s name was Senzangakhona Ka Jama. Pronounce it Komi!!

2. Then, during the Age of Exploration in the 1400’s Bartholomue Dias ‘discovers’ the Cape of Good Hope for Portugal at the Southern tip of Africa.

3. Well, what do you think Europe is gonna do with South Africa now that they have ‘discovered’ it? They’re gonna conquer it dummies.

APARTHEID APARTHEID is a Dutch word that means ‘APART’.

It was the exact same thing as segregation and the Jim Crow laws here in the United States.

Colored Water Fountains/ Whites Only Schools Etc.

South Africa was colonized by the Dutch and then by the English in the 1600’s-1700’s. Why did they want South Africa so badly? GOLD!!!!!!! and DIAMONDS!!!!

South Africa is the #1 gold producer in the world In 2015 South Africa mined 300,000 pounds of GOLD!!!! Gold costs $1000 per ounce That’s $84,000,000,000 at retail value. Of course the peasants see NONE of that money and the miners are

basically treated like slaves!!!! But the commercials are so nice! Every KISS begins w/.

The average wages for a gold or diamond miner in Africa is $1.50 per day, and if you are in war zone, then you are essentially a slave!

South Africa has 12% of the world’s DIAMONDS South Africa found $1.2 billion worth of diamonds in 2015 Almost ALL of that money goes to private companies (South Africa

only got to keep about $10 million!) The biggest company is De Beers in London and u can see their

diamonds in those Jared commercials. The movie ‘Blood Diamond’ is a 4 Star movie and should be requisite viewing for every human on the planet.

The largest diamond ever found was 3000 carats and weighed 621 grams or 1.5 POUNDS!!! It was big enough to make 115 diamonds and make 115 brides SO HAPPY!!!!!

It was found in 1905 by accident, 18 feet underground The most expensive diamond in the world is the “HOPE DIAMOND”.

It is kept in the Smithsonian. It is a blue diamond and costs $350 million! It can send 20,000 students to college for free but it’s shiny so we won’t let it!

**Don’t you find it funny that humans fight over shiny rocks I do!

The Tower of London has the Koh-i-Noor diamond which they “borrowed” from India and is considered priceless.

Kobe Bryant gave his wife a rare pink diamond worth $3 million after he got caught cheating on her with a girl from Colorado. Ah love! It can’t be bought!

The Dutch (Holland) took over South Africa as part of the whole European colonization of the African continent. The year was 1602. By 1899 the English had discovered gold there and bye-bye Holland.

⁻ Apartheid will not end, and South Africa will not become fully equal, until a man named NELSON MANDELA is released from prison after 30 years and is elected president.

NELSON MANDELA

NELSON MANDELA:Born: 1918 Died: 2013He was ___ years old.Tribal name: Madiba!

Prison term: 27 year prison term for terrorism against apartheid in 1962Released in 1999 and elected President

Served 2 terms as President of South Africa

He is most famous for telling South Africa that black and whites CAN live together.

He denounced all violence and preached the teachings of …Ghandi, MLK, Jesus and the Buddha.

For really they all say the same thing, right!?

We will watch a movie about him and South African rugby called……’Invictus’. IF UR good!

THE MOST IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER HERE IS THAT NELSON MANDELA AND SOUTH AFRICA GOT TEHIR INDEPENDENCE AND GOT DEMOCRACY ………………WITHOUR VIOELNCE…..WITHOUR ARMED STRUGGLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

CASE STUDY #3: BRITISH INDIA

QUICK REVIEW OF THE OLD EMPIRESA. Indus River people: BCEB. Mauryan and Gupta Empires: 600 BCE-600 CE Spread of Buddhism, Hinduism and Caste System(Same problems as ROME/HAN (too big, expensive, Huns invasion))

THE MUGHAL EMPIRE (VERY IMPORTANT)A land empire in Northern India after the Mongols made them Muslim

**Don’t 4GET, the Mongols introduced Islam to Much of India. Hinduism lives on in the South. The Mongols take over mostly Northern India (1200-1300). Why is India such a hard place to conquer? Alexander CAN’T conquer it!-----------Too big - Too many languages - Jungle, jungle, malaria

1. King Babur: Thought he was one of Genghis Khan’s like 3000 Grandsons. Not to be confused with Babar the Elephant

2. Built the GREAT TAJ MAHAL (Originally a Muslim mosque)

- HE LEFT HINDUS ALONE. WHY DO YOU THINK HE DID THIS?______________________________________________

- Improved the treatment of women by telling them that they didn’t have to practice SATI anymore. (SATI is where they would jump on their husband’s funeral pyre after they died (that’s crazee talk).)

3. Told Hindus they didn’t have to sell Indian princesses anymore (you’re welcome Anjali)

Then England came in!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

THE BRITISH RULE INDIA IN THE 1800’STHE MUGHAL EMPERORS THOUGHT IT WAS ALL GOOD. THEY THOUGHT THE EURPEANS

WOULD PLAY NICE. HOW AMUSING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

England their sights on India! Why?- Spices- Jewels

- Animals (tigers, elephants, freshmen)- Indian food (Love it!) Curry, Nan bread

- And finally, because of MERCANTLISM and the need or customers for British stuff

GOOD VS. BAD1. Made everyone learn EnglishFun Fact: Sprint, Verizon and T-Mobil have their Customer Service people in India because of the English

2. England was Christian not Catholic so that’s what they spread to India.3. England built lots of railroads England builds lots of electric power lines and India gets electricity (Just like Europe in Africa) England builds lots of schools (Just like Europe in Africa) England did try to get rid of THE CASTE SYSTEM but some things die hard. They did set up a court system where everyone was equal

Also, England gave them better hospitals and more medicine. As a result Indians started having LOTS OF BABIES and went through a massive population boom. This is not so good because India has been too poor to support them.

China: 1.3 Billion PeopleIndia: 1 Billion People today

2050: India will have 1.5 Billion people!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

INDIA STILL SUCKS FOR THE POOR But really, only the rich and white can get a good English education (Just like Europe in Africa) Still so many poor. (Just like Europe in Africa)- 300,000,000 in severe poverty/ Calcutta and Mumbai have one toilet for every 300 people- Are the toilet at P.H.S disgusting?

So even though England helped India out a lot, it still left the country poor, racist, and relatively uneducated.

INDIA GETS ITS INDEPENDENCE WITHMAHATMA GANDHI…NON VIOLENTLY

World War 2 showed a lot of people in the world that COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM were wrong. After all, Adolf Hitler was just ONE BIG IMPERIALIST!

MAHATMA GANDHI (PRACTICED NON-VIOLENCE)Born 1869 /Died 1948 That’s ___ years old math nerdsFull name: Mahatma or Mohandas Ghandi A celibate spiritual monk

Would use hunger strikes and other non-violent and pacifist techniques (He ate very little) Would not fight for independence. Mahatma Gandhi was a pacifist! His teachings became the basis for the Civil Rights struggle of Martin Luther King

Review Question: Who is Dr. King named after_____________

After WWII Gandhi marched to free India from British rule Unfortunately, the Muslims in the North and the Hindus in the South couldn’t live together and they decided to become 2 countries: India and Pakistan

………………………………………..Assassinated by a Hindu for trying to make nice with Muslims

In 1947, after WWII, they become 2 countries.The split is so violent, with entire villages being destroyed, that over 1,000,000 people

(Hindus and Muslims) get slaughtered.India will stay Hindu while Pakistan is Muslim!!!!!!

INDIA (HINDU) AND PAKISTAN (MUSLIM) HATEEEEE EACH OTHER TODAY

The problem is: THEY BOTH HAVE NUKES!!!!!

There are only 9 countries in the world with nukes. See if you can name them:1. 6.2. 7.3.India 8.4.Pakistan 9. (Unofficially)

ARMED STRUGGLEIN CHAPTER 19: THE COLD WAR U WILL LEARN ABOUT 1 AREA THAT WILL SEPARATE THROUGH ARMED STRUGGLE: THE VIETNAM WAR ALSO, THE KOREAN WAR..

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS

ASSIGNMENT #1:MAP OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES CONTROLLED BY EUROPEAN

COUNTRIES

Grab a blank map outline of Africa and color in a map of European colonialism in Africa. Use different colors for each country and make a color coded tab on the bottom.

- Use page 777 in the purple textbook.**Please staple it to the homework questions. NO CREDIT

without it.

ASSIGNMENT #2: THERE IS ALSO A CROSSWORD PUZZLE FOR THIS PACKET

ASSIGNMENT #3: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONSA: COLONIALISM

1. What’s imperialism:- What’s Social Darwinism?

2. Where did Portugal settle?- Why were they the 1st? (Review)

3. Where did the Dutch settle?

4. Was colonialism GOOD OR BAD?

5. What are some COMMON CHARCATERISTICS of all colonialism?a. b. c.

ASSIGNMENT B: AFRICA

1. How do we KNOW all humans came from Africa?2. Who were the Bantu and what are 2 reasons why they are important:A)B)

3. When did Europe carve Africa up like a pie?4. Why? What did they want?

5. When did African nations start getting their independence?6. Why are they so messed up today?

ASSIGNMENT C: SOUTH AFRICAA. What was APARTHEID?

B. Which 2 European countries controlled South Africa?C. Who was Mandela and why was he important?

ASSIGNMENT D: OCEANIA1. What is Oceania?2. Who were the Polynesians and why are they important?3. Which 2 European countries were involved in Australia and New Zealand?4. How are the minority groups in Oceania an example of European colonialism?

ASSIGNMENT #5:INDIA1. Review Question: Why has India always been so hard to unify?

2. WHO conquered them in order: a. b. c.

3. List 3 characteristics of Mughal rule over India:a. b. c.

4. Explain India’s relationship with Islam:

5. WHY did England want them?

6. Explain the positive and negative aspects of British rule in India

7. Review Question: Who was King Asoka and why was he so important?

8. How is that India and Pakistan became 2 countries:

9. Why do India and Pakistan hate each other today and why is this so dangerous for the world?

PLEASE MOVE ON TO HISTORICAL PERIOD 6: 1900-2016

CHAPTERS 19-20