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To explain the types of fashion designers
To identify the elements and principles of design used to create fashion
To name the steps in the fashion design process
Collection- a group of clothes designed an produced for a specific season
Color- a visual characteristic representing hue and tone, that is one of the most important elements of fashion design
Silhouette- the overall form, or outline, of a garment
Line- distinct elongated mark that directs the eye movement when viewing the garment
Texture- a characteristic of the surface of a material in terms of how it feels and looks
Principles of Design- the standards for creating good design that include proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony
Computer-aided design (CAD)- computer programs that perform many design functions to create fashion designs
Keep fashion changing Ultimate goal of creating new trends to
increase consumer spending Anticipate what their target market will
buy Produce fashion at prices consumers
will pay for
Create original designs and select the appropriate fabrics that will sell
Monitor the process from pattern making to sample production to manufacture of the completed line
Monitor assistants who carry out their ideas
If they are self-employed the must also:› Develop new business contacts› Examine equipment and space needs› Perform administrative tasks
Self-Employed Designers-› Create original garments as well as clothing
that follows established fashion trends Design-House Designers-
› Produce 2 major collections each year Designers for Manufacturers-
› Most designers work for manufacturers› Can specialize in a particular classification of
clothing› Or might work only on accessory items› Create designs for home furnishings
Elements should always be chosen according to the Principles of design, and then combined to create harmony
Elements of Design:› Color› Silhouette› Line› Fabric› Texture
Most important design element When choosing color designers must
consider:› Setting the Tone› Occasional Colors› Cultural Colors› Seasonal Colors
Hue- the name given to a color Value-the lightness or darkness of a
color› Tint- you are adding white to the color› Shade- you are adding black to the color
Intensity-the brightness or dullness of a color› Fuchsia vs. Olive Green
The silhouette gives the garment shape
Often the key design feature that every one thinks about
Common Silhouette’s› Tubular› Bell-shaped› Back Full
Structural Lines and Decorative Lines
The fabric used and the texture of that fabric can determine the success or effectiveness of a design
Texture is determined by:› Fibers› Yarns› Method of construction
Examples of Textures› Shiny› Smooth› Shaggy› Rough
Texture influences the shape:› Rough makes the shape bulky› Smooth makes the shape slender/clingy
The drape of the garment is also affected by texture
Softness and drape-ability of a fabric may spark an idea
Proportion› The relationship of all the spaces of the
garment› Make sure all the parts are visually in
proportion to each other› Is determined by how the total space of a
design is divided› Sometimes unequal proportions can be
pleasing
Balance› Is the relationship of one side of the
garment to the other› Symmetrical (Formal) balance- is the same
on both sides of the design center› Asymmetrical (Informal) balance- when the
parts are not equally placed, on either side of the design center
Rhythm› Gives a sense of movement through the design› repetition of lines, shapes, and colors
Emphasis› The center of interest, or focal point, of the
garment› Draws attention to a certain part of the design› Designers do not place emphasis at
unattractive parts of the garment› Garments usually have only one point of
interest
Harmony› Is achieved when both elements and
principles of design have been used correctly
› Is apparent in couture designs or formal wear
› Elements and principles of design are not as always obvious in mass-produced and ready-to-wear apparel
Begins each season before marketing periods begin› Marketing period is generally 6 months
before consumers will purchase the merchandise
Designers must be ready 2-3 months before that
Step 1-Basic Decisions› Considerations to be made:
Fabric Choice The season it will be sold with determine the weight
and color of the fabric
Design Ideas Number of items to be made and sold Type of promotion to retail stores
Step 2-Design Concept and Samples› Sketches/diagrams are prepared
Includes colors and fabric choices
› Then patterns and samples are produced› Not all proposed designs for a line are
actually produced› Editing and changing of the design
concepts happen during this step › They design by hand or by computer
Computer-aided design (CAD) features:› Sketch pads with electronic pens› Zoom features› Scanning features› Electronic graphics features› 3-D imaging
Allows for quick production
Step 3-Sales Research Analysis› Keeps records that show the history of
styles, prices of styles that sold› This helps determine how much should be
produced, but also what merchandise should be offered
› Once the line is previewed and evaluated by retail buyers, then they may produce a greater selection of styles and increase the quantity of certain sizes
Step 4- Design Presentation› New line/collection is ready to be shown› May participate in fashion weeks› Others show merchandise for preview to
buyers in their showrooms in fashion centers
› Times new collections are introduced varies according to each market Women’s is shown at different times than
men’s wear and children’s wear
Step 5- Purchase Orders› Retail buyers begin purchasing merchandise
for their stores› Certain styles may be eliminated from a line,
due to the number of orders placed by the retail buyers
Step 6-Production› Final samples and fittings take place› Then final patterns are made, and sewing is
happens› An assembly-line method is used for
production› Computerized equipment aids in construction
Organized into 3 main divisions› Design
Aware of the company’s target market when creating new collections/lines
Can be divided into fabric, color, trend› Productions
Responsible for producing items in sizes that retail stores have ordered
› Sales Markets the lines and acts as the coordinator
between the manufacturer and the retail store Individuals work directly with store merchandise
buyers or owners
What is the role of the fashion designer?
What are the five basic principles of design?
What are the basic steps in the fashion design process?
To identify the steps in the garment production process
To compare haute-couture production and prêt-a-porter production
To explain how women’s and men’s apparel is sized.
Patternmaking- the process of transforming the design into the appropriate pieces needed to produce an apparel item
Grading- the technical process of increasing or decreasing the sizes of a pattern to correspond to a garment size
Wholesale- the price that retail buyers pay for goods they purchase from manufacturers
Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)- a system that automatically moves the garment parte through each phase of the cutting-and-sewing process
Prêt-a-porter- French term for designer ready-to-wear clothing
Sizing System- a set of sizes based on common assumptions and methods of development