ISRAEL PART 4

*BELLWORK Define Terms

*Sumerians—an ancient people of northern Mesopotamia

*Pentateuch—the first 5 books of the Torah, or Old Testament.

*Hazozra—trumpet

*Shofarim—many ram’s horns

*Mode—a scale made up of 4-6 notes

*Examples of Modes

*If you use only the white keys on the piano, the patterns of whole and half steps create a variety of modes.*In a major scale, the half-steps are

between scale degrees 3-4 and 7-8.*Some common modes:*Dorian: half steps: 2-3, 6-7*Lydian: half-steps: 4-5, 7-8

*ANNOUNCEMENTS

*Test this Friday

*Reading Outline #11 due Thursday.

*Outline of slide show due this Friday- 10-15 slides

*Guided Notes: Broadway

*The big 5 composers of Broadway if lyricist and melodist are treated as one, were Berlin, Porter, Rodgers and Hart, Ira and George Gershwin, and Kern.

*Broadway was influenced by Italian Opera when Jerome kern in his early musical comedies used plain folk as replacements for the figures of operetta royalty: countesses and princes.

*Song adaptors are ruled by the axiom ‘make it “singable” to be salable and playable to be payable”

*George Gershwin-video

*Irving Berlin-video

*Active Listening #5

Prokofiev

*What instruments make up this ensemble?

*Who has the melody?

*What Jewish song is most similar to this example?

*Just the facts, Mensch

*Prokofiev overture contains the Yiddish song zayt gezunterheyt, which means stay healthy.*When the 6th step in a major key is flattened,

the music takes on a beguiling quality, major in the bottom half and minor in the top half.

*Rhythm proved important in nonreligious music only; it was the driving factor in work and dance, as well as in outdoor activities.

*CFU Yiddish components in English language

*Using your list of Yiddish to English changes, write three sentences containing the same syntax as the given examples.

*Examples of Yiddish in

Broadway lyrics

*So, what would have been so terrible if I had a small fortune? (If I were a Rich Man)

*They laughed at me wanting you,Said it would be, "hello, goodbye.”(They all laughed)

*Active Listening #6

*What makes this recording sound “old”?

*What word beginning with S describes the rhythm used in this example?

*Just the facts, Mensch

*Fascinating rhythm is based on the tune from an old Torah blessing.

*For the first time since ancient history, when synagogue cantillation influenced church plainchant, Jews contributed significantly to the music of the mainstream: tin pan alley, Broadway and Hollywood.* Cradle songs were maternal kin to Gershwin’s

theater songs.

*Chanukah song origins

*Maoz tsur rock of ages song consists of fragments from *1. a german battle song*2. a love song*3.a Lutheran chorale

*Irving Berlin-Blue Skies

*Composer of White Christmas

*Based on “Schulamis”, a Yiddish operetta by Goldfaden.

*Even though it is minor, it is not meant to be sad. Jewish music frequently changes from minor to major in the course of a piece.*This is a perfect example of a common argument

that music is not a universal language.

*Gershwin: Summertime

*Summertime borrows rhythmic and melodic materials from an old Yiddish lullaby and from the spiritual “Sometimes I feel like a Motherless Child”.*It is a combination of Jewish and African-

American musical components.*Scale is modal in origin—Dorian or e

natural minor.*Billie Holiday sings this version

*Jeremiah Text: Dramatic Reading

*HOW DOTH the city sit solitary, that was full of people! How is she become as a widow! She that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!*She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her

cheeks; she hath none to comfort her among all her lovers; all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies.*Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because

of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits.*The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the

solemn assembly; all her gates are desolate, her priests sigh; her virgins are afflicted, and she herself is in bitterness.

*Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for HaShem hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.

*And gone is from the daughter of Zion all her splendour; her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

*Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her anguish all her treasures that she had from the days of old; now that her people fall by the hand of the adversary, and none doth help her, the adversaries have seen her, they have mocked at her desolations.

*Exit Ticket

*Name one type of Yiddish to English sentence structure conversion:

*What types of music is the song Summertime based on?

*How does the minor key in “Blue Skies” provide evidence that music is not a universal language?

*When is rhythm important in Jewish music?

*Name the big five broadway composers