® Sponsored by An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: Urban Planning 93rd OGC Technical Committee Tokyo, Japan George Percivall, OGC 3 December 2014 Copyright

®

Sponsored by

An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: Urban PlanningUrban Planning

93rd OGC Technical Committee

Tokyo, Japan

George Percivall, OGC

3 December 2014

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial ConsortiumCopyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC®

An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: Urban PlanningUrban Planning

• “OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework” OGC Document 14-115, draft OGC White Paper

• Built from these activities:– “Making Location Work for Smart Cities – the Case for Location

Standards,” OGC - Directions Magazine webinar– Discussions and Presentations to DWGs in Calgary TC– Survey of Smart City Standards Activities:

• JTC 1, ITU, ISO, BSI, DIN, others

– Survey of CityGML implementations

• Objective: mature the White Paper into a Best Practice based on DWG discussions and implementation

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC®

Open Standards Coordination for Smart Cities

• ISO/IEC JTC 1/SG 1 Smart Cities• ISO TMB Task Force on Smart Cities• ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities• ISO ISO/TC 268 - Sustainable development and resilience

of communities• British Standards Institute, • DKE/DIN German standards• Others: IEC, ANSI, CEN/CENELEC, ETSI, etc.


OGC®

Smart Cities Spatial Information FrameworkSmart Cities Spatial Information Framework

White Paper Themes•Smart Cities are high-density generators of innovation and information.•Location information is a major enabler of Smart City technology benefits.•Benefits of smart technology must be judged by benefits to residents•Reuse and repurpose is vital to urban resilience•Open standards are needed for interoperability, efficiency, application innovation and cost effectiveness.


OGC®

Smart Cities Spatial Information ViewpointsSmart Cities Spatial Information Viewpoints

• ISO/IEC 10746, Information Technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference Model (RM-ODP)– Enterprise Viewpoint: definition of Smart City, Indicators for assessing the

value of deploying the technology, and enterprise components for the information system of a Smart City

– Information Viewpoint, spatial information and data needed in Smart City

– Services Viewpoint interfaces and workflows pertinent to a achieve interoperability using a service oriented architecture for a Smart City

– Deployment Viewpoint, identifying approaches for deploying the Spatial Information Framework in cities.

• An Annex provides a summary of standardization activities regarding Smart Cities.

– The architecture in the main body of the white paper aims to build on and contribute back to the activities of the SDOs.


OGC®

Smart Cities Spatial Information ThemesSmart Cities Spatial Information Themes

• Smart Cities are high-density generators of innovation and information• Location information is a major enabler of Smart City technology

benefits.• Benefits of smart technology must be judged by benefits to residents• Reuse and repurpose is vital to urban resilience• Open standards are needed for interoperability, efficiency, application

innovation and cost effectiveness.

(Graphic from Steve Liang, University of Calgary)

OGC®

What’s so smart about Smart Cities?

• A Smart City provides effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens. – Source: BSI PAS 180 - Smart Cities Vocabulary

• How are “smarts” applied in cities– To improve emergency response and resource management.

• Centralized command and control system

– To enhance citizen access to the city information to inform individual and collective decision making• Autonomous actors in an ecosystem

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC®

The Death and Life of Great Smart Cities

• “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.” – The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs

• “Go out there and see what works and what doesn’t work, and learn from reality. See how people actually use spaces, learn from that, and use it.” – Physical architect Jan Gehl recalling Jane Jacobs

• Smart city information development based on Jacobs– Open Information– Iterative Development– Indicators of what’s important


OGC®

Indicators for city services and quality of life


OGC®

Example Indicators from ISO 37120Example Indicators from ISO 37120

ISO 37120 indicators involve geospatial and sensors

•Recreation indicator: Outdoor recreation space– Square meters of public outdoor recreation space per capita

•Energy indicator: Renewable energy sources– Percentage of total energy derived from renewable sources, as a

share of the city's total energy consumption

•Environment indicator: Noise pollution – Noise pollution shall be calculated by mapping the noise level Lden

(day-evening-night) likely to cause annoyance


OGC®

Smart City Application AreasSmart City Application Areas

Each SDO has a similar list of application areas:•Utilities - Smart Grid, Smart Water, etc.•Sanitation•Intelligent Buildings•Intelligent Transportation•Health•Public Safety and Security•Environmental Protection•Emergency Services•Education•Urban Planning•Open Data


OGC®


China’s Smart City Pilots: A Progress Report

Pu Liu and Zhenghong Peng, Wuhan University

IEEE Computer, October 2014

OGC®

ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable CitiesITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities

OGC®

Smart City Enterprise ComponentsSmart City Enterprise Components


Elected Officials

Population

Data

Analyticsand Models

Data Access

Geospatial

Data

City Sensor Webs

Sensor networks

Public

Crowdsourcing

Phones, Wearables

Health

Metadata

Catalogs, Semantics

Sensing Layer

DataLayer

Data Ingest and Quality Checking

OtherData

Enterprise Data

Urban/Municipal Database

BusinessLayer

Visualization and Decision Support

ApplicationLayer

EconomicData

Intelligent buildings

Intelligent transportation

Open data

Environmental Protection

Public safety and security Urban planning

UtilitiesEmergency Services EducationSanitation

Municipal Employees

Clo

ud

hoste

d re

sou

rces

Secu

rity S

yste

m

Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC®

Spatial information is pervasive and primary

• Geography Markup Language (GML) – the international XML standard for spatial data on the web.

• CityGML - open data format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models and semantics

• IndoorGML - modeling indoor spaces for navigation purposes.

• LandXML - civil engineering and survey data for land development and transportation

• Building Information Models (BIM) using ISO, BuildingSmart and OGC standards

Source: Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU

Information Viewpoint

OGC®

CityGML Standards FamilyCityGML Standards Family

• CityGML Standard– Version 2.0 – current adopted version – Version 3.0 Standards Working Group underway

• INSPIRE Data Specification on Buildings – Buildings Theme as in Annex III of the EU INSPIRE Directive– 3D representations of buildings using CityGML– Basis of visualization of noise mapping

• National 3D standard in The Netherlands – OGC Best Practice: CityGML ADE - Dutch 3D Standard

• Additional profiles are underway– 3D National Data Model for Kingdom of Bahrain


OGC®

CityGML ImplementationCityGML Implementation(Thanks to Claus Nagel for input)(Thanks to Claus Nagel for input)

• Berlin 3D City Model - one of the world's largest city models.– 560,000 fully textured building models in Level of Detail 2 (LoD2) and more than 200 detailed

models in LoD3/4.

– Basis of the Berlin Economic Atlas and the Solar Atlas

• German federal surveying agencies central database – will contain every building in Germany as CityGML LOD1 and LOD2 model.

– LOD1 model is nearly complete, and LOD2 is expected to be completed by the end of next year.

– Nearly every larger German city maintains its own CityGML model in addition.

• Major cities in Austria (e.g., Vienna, Salzburg), Switzerland (e.g., Zürich, Geneva) France (e.g., Paris, Bordeaux) have CityGML models

• Finland national initiative to build up a nation-wide 3D model – 3D model on top of an “Open Information Model Architecture” - CityGML + OGC web service

interfaces + open data + open APIs.

– Finish 3D model integrating both BIM and CityGML.

• Singapore evaluated CityGML for a 3D city model covering all LODs. – Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA)

• Malaysian 3D SDI • Increasing interest in Japan and US


OGC®

Geospatial Standards and Profile s

ISO/BSI

ISO 19103 ISO 19107 ISO 19108 ISO 19111 ISO 19115 ISO 19123 ISO 19136/19139

ISO 19152 - LADM

ISO 19156 – O&M

PAS Smart Cities

OGC IHO/ICAO/WMO/....INSPIRE

National/City Data Model

Smart service 1 Smart service 2 Domain specific

model 1Domain specific

model 2

S-57/ S-100

AIXM 5.1

Network Model

Buildings

Addresses

........

CityGML

SWE Common

BIM

Future extension

GML Coverages

Information Viewpoint

Source: Carsten Roensdorf, Ordnance Survey

OGC®

Seamless spatial data modeling across SDOs

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial ConsortiumInformation Viewpoint

OGC®

Interoperability Services for Smart Cities

• OGC Web Services – Maps - WMS, Features - WFS, Coverages -

WCS, Metadata - CSW

• Sensor Web Enablement – Discover, Task, Access and Process Sensor

Observations – SOS, SPS

• Crowdsourcing – Geo-enabled Social Media – SensorThings for Internet of Things

• Processing – WPS, WCPS, TJS, OpenMI

• Visualization and Augmented Reality – ARML2, 3D Portrayal

• Open Data and Mobile: – Open GeoSMS, Context, GeoPackage, 3D

Portrayal

© 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC Sensor Web Enablement

Services Viewpoint

OGC Web Services

Web MapServer

Web CoverageServer

Web FeatureServer

OGC®

OGC Services Architecture for interoperable access and processing of geospatial information for decision support

Visualization / Decision Tools and Applications

Internet and Cellular Networks

Other Data

Processing Services

OpenMI

WPSTJS WCPS

Geospatially Enabled Metadata

Discovery Services

CSW

OpenSearch Geo ebRI

M

WMS

WMTS

WFS

Simple Features Access

Access Services

GeospatialFeature

Data

Geospatial

Browse/Maps

Geospatial Coverage

Data

WCS

Other ServicesWorkflow, Alerts

Sensors

Puck

SOS

SPS

O&M

SensorML

Sensor Web Enablement

Discover Task Access


Services Viewpoint

OGC®

Example applications of Smart City Example applications of Smart City Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 2)Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 2)

Indicator Standards

Maintain a City Model • “Rapid model-building for venue owners” using CityGML and IndoorGML

Recreation: Recreation space

• Calculate using WFS, WPS on City model • OGC Moving Features movement of pedestrians

Energy: Renewable energy sources

• Solar Atlas of Berlin is based on CityGML model• BIM, geospatial, smart meters for urban energy -

European SUNSHINE project

Environment: Noise pollution

• 3D visualization of noise using the INSPIRE Building OGC.


OGC®

Example applications of Smart City Example applications of Smart City Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 3)Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 3)

Indicator Standards

Common Operating Picture

• COP for emergency response using Oil Spill Recommended Practice – OGC Web Services and GML Application Schemas

Urban Economics • Geospatial cyberinfrastructure for urban economic analysis and simulation: WMS, WFS, WPS at ASU

Big data Analytics • "New Science of Cities,” Batty • WPS cloud computing for big data geo-analytics

Crowdsourcing and VGI

• SensorThings on crowdsourcing “stovepipes” • WFS and SOS wrapping of Twitter, Flickr and from

mobile devices directly as in OGC testbeds

Open Data • Open source : OS Geo, LocationTech, Apache, etc• Open data: Open Street Map, Location Tech,

GEOSS


OGC®

InformationViewpoint

ComputationalViewpoint

EngineeringTechnology

Viewpoints

Optimized Design/Development

EnterpriseViewpoint

Community Objectives• Indicators for city services

and quality of life• Smart City Applications• Enterprise Components

Abstract/Best Practices

RM-ODP Viewpoints

Information Models•GML•CityGML •IndoorGML•LandXML •BIM

OGC Smart Cities OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information FrameworkSpatial Information Framework

Indicator

Maintain a City Model

Recreation: Recreation space

Energy: Renewable energy

Environment: Noise pollution

Indicator

Common Operating Picture

Urban Economics

Big data Analytics

Crowdsourcing and VGI

Open Data

Services•OGC Web Services•Sensor Web (SWE)•Mobile and IoT•Crowdsourcing •Open Data

OGC®

OGC Smart Cities OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information FrameworkSpatial Information Framework

1. A Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities?

2. Smart City Information Enterprise2.1 What’s so smart about Smart Cities?

2.2 Indicators for city services and quality of life

2.3 Smart City Applications

2.4 Smart City Enterprise framework

3. Spatial Information and Smart Cities3.1 Spatial information is pervasive and primary

3.2 CityGML and IndoorGML

3.3 LandML, InfraGML and InfraML

3.4 Building Information Models

4. Interoperability Services for Smart Cities4.1 Geospatial Services Architecture

4.2 Sensor Web Enablement and SensorThings

4.3 Data Access Services

4.4 Processing Services

4.5 Catalogue Services

4.6 Workflow

4.7 Context Document and GeoPackage

4.8 Visualization and Augmented Reality

5. Development of Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities5.1 Spatial Information Architecture for Smart Cities

5.2 OGC Smart City Interoperability Initiatives

5.3 Deploying the Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities

Annex A. Open Standards Coordination for Smart Cities


OGC®

Next StepsNext Steps

Next Steps in developing Spatial Information Framework

•Develop a Spatial Information Architecture for Smart Cities– Build on the white paper and beyond

•Coordinate with other Standards Developing Organizations– OGC providing spatial and location standards for Smart Cities

•Catalog OGC member implementations •Conduct testing to confirm the architecture and technology

•Deploy the architecture as a policy in your Smart City.


OGC®


Template for Document Approval MotionTemplate for Document Approval Motion

• The Urban Planning DWG recommends that the OGC Technical Committee approve release of [OGC Document 14-115] “OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework” as an OGC White Paper– Pending and final edits and review by OGC staff– After a two week comment period and responses.– Motion: <Name of person making the motion>– Second: <name of the person seconding the motion>– If there is a hand vote, the results of the vote. Otherwise, the phrase

<There was no objection to unanimous consent> should be used• This White Paper provides a draft spatial information framework for

Smart Cities. The document is structured using an RM-ODP viewpoints plus an annex surveying Smart City activities in other SDOs.

Documents

® Sponsored by An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: Urban Planning 93rd OGC Technical Committee Tokyo, Japan George Percivall, OGC 3 December 2014 Copyright