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' Radiative Decay at BESII. Lianliang Ma [email protected]. March 24, 2006 University of Toronto. B. Sc. 1995.9 --- 1999.7 Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China First prize scholarship every year Ph. D . 1999.9 --- 2002.4 Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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March 24, 2006 2Lianliang Ma
B. Sc. 1995.9 --- 1999.7 Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China First prize scholarship every year
Ph. D. 1999.9 --- 2002.4 Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China Work on detector simulation with Geant4: (a) Study the performance o
f TGC at the endcap of ATLAS; (b) Translate the package for ARGO experiment. HEP & NP, 2003, 27(9): 813-818 (in Chinese) Journal of Shandong University, 2003, 38(5):80-85 (in Chinese) Talk given in the Workshop of ARGO Experiment, Beijing, Dec. 2002
March 24, 2006 3Lianliang Ma
Postdoctoral researcher
2004.7 --- present Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
Work on the ' radiative decays:
2002.4 --- 2004.7 Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
Thesis on 'Vector + Pseudoscalar, published on
Phys. Rew. D 70, 112007 (2004); Phys. Rew. D 70, 112003 (2004);
Phys. Lett. B 614 (2005) 37-43; HEP & NP, 2004, 28(10):1021-1025(in Chinese)
Talk given at the 40th Rencontres de Moriond on QCD and High Energy Hadronic Interactions, La Thuile, Italy, Mar. 2005 (hep-ex/0505044)
Coordinator of the working-group on ' radiative decays
Measurement of (2S) decays into and
(To be submitted to PRD soon) KK
IntroductionIntroduction Measurement of Measurement of ’’++–– Measurement of Measurement of ’’ SummarySummary
pγp
Outline
The The BBeijing eijing EElectron lectron PPositron ositron CCoolliderllider
EEcmcm~~2-5 GeV2-5 GeV
L L ~5~5101030 30 /cm/cm22ss at J/ at J/
~1~110103131/cm/cm22ss at at ''
AA unique unique e e++ee-- machine machinein the in the -charm energy-charm energyregion since 1989!region since 1989!
(CESRc is operating!)(CESRc is operating!)
Beijing, China
BESII DetectorBESII Detector
VC: xy = 100 m TOF: T = 180 ps counter: r= 3 cm MDC: xy = 220 m BSC: E/E= 22 % z = 5.5 cm dE/dx= 8.5 % = 7.9 mr B field: 0.4 T p/p=1.7%(1+p2) z = 3.1 cm
6.42 pb–1 @3.65GeV
About 1/3 of the Luminosity of '
Charmonium Spectrum
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
MKI MKII MKIII CBAL BESI BESII CLEOc
'
14M BESII
3M
DD
' physics at BESII
M. Appelquist and H. D. Politzer, PRL34, 43 (1975)
Test theoretical predictions, such as “12% rule”
predicted by pQCD
12%B
B
B
BQ
eeJ/ ψ
eeψ'
XJ/ ψ
Xψ'h
' physics
' decay (VP, VT, PP, NN, ……)
Clue to study ‘ and J/ decay
hc(1P1) via ' 0hc
' physics
J/ decays via '+–J/ when systematic
error is dominant
(21.880.052.01) 10–3 from 58M J/ data
(20.910.211.16) 10–3 from 14M ' data
(21.0 1.2) 10–3 (combined) BES, PRD 70, 012005 (2004)
cJ decays via ' cJ
Hadron spectrum, (f0(600)) in '+–J/
Br(J/3 )
' physics Few studies have been done for the ‘
radiative decays. Search for or study glueball candidates; Search for new decays of ’ and cJ; Prepare for the projects at BESIII.
’ radiative decay ’ cJ transition
C
C
(3) CLEO : with 5 times larger sample
(2) L3:
Gluonium production is presumably suppressed in collision.
Study the (1405/1475), named (1440) before
Measurement on Measurement on ''++––
eVKKBR 2350212))1440(())1440((
eVBR 95))1440(())1440((
eVKKBR 89)())1440((
(1) (1475) could be 1st radial excitation of ', with the (1295) being
1st radial excitation of . (1405) has a large gluonic content
148112 MeV
L3 collab., Phys. Lett. B 501 (2001) 1-11
CLEO collab., Phys.Rew. D 71, 072001 (2005)
Search new decay modes of ‘ and cJ
Test the “12% rule” in the ‘ radiative decays
'+–
(4) Studied in J/ with +–, , 0 and +–+–.
With the J/ results, we can deduce we can observe the
signal of ’ (1475/1405) +– and KK.
KK
• Two good charged tracks with net charge zero
• Each charged track identified to be candidate
• Three good photon candidates
• 24C(+–3)<15
'+–
To reject the background
from '+J/
To suppress the back-
ground from 'X1+J/,
J/ + + X2
m()
Mass recoiling from
'+–
not from decay
Sig. MC
Sig. MC
DATA
J/
DATA
Study the background with:
(1) PDG ; (2) 14M Lund-MC sample for 'X inclusive
Lund-MC('X ): describe data in quality, but maybe not in quantity.
Br. are different: J/ 3, 2.10% from BESII; 1.87% in Lund-MC
'+–
DATA Lund-MC
m()m() m()
Continuum
J.C. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. D 55, 5657–5666 (1997)
N(104) Br(10-5) Channel with
'+–
1,
2,
3,
4,
m()
Measured
No survive
These channels can only describes
about 40% of the total Bg. in DATA
Method with Lund-MCMethod with Lund-MC
14M Lund-MC sample
(1) Signal
Channel
(2) Known Bg. Channels
With large contribution
(3) The other Bg. Channel(s) with small contribution
+– +–0,
X+J/, J/ 3, K+K– 0
simulated separately
Lund-MC without channels in Part
(1) and (2)
Modified,then put back
Change the Br. of:
1, +–; 2, XJ/ ,J/ 3;
3, +–0; 4, J/ ,J/ K+K– 0
Lund-MC
m()
Br. Changed
Signal taken out
m()
+ continuum
'+–
Sig.: two-Gaussian(MC)
Bg.shape: Legender
Method to Background:Nsig.= NDt. ― NBg.
(Nsig.) = (NDt.)
(NBg) taken as sys. of Nsig.
NDt.=553.260.2
NBg. =134.952.226.8
6.6
'+–
candidates: sidebands:
6.6
‘(958)
NDt.=24.25.4; NBg. =0.91.4 1.4
(1405)
NDt.=13.87.0; NBg. =4.04.5
Background events estimated
from sidebands
'x, x+–
Get Nupper at 90% C.L. with Beyesian approach
'x, x+–
Nevt.
(1405)Nevt.=24
(1475)Nevt.=20 L
i/L
o
Li/
Lo
8.8
NDt.=255.928.0
NBg. =34.1 15.4
Suggest two-body
decay of c1
'x, x+–
a0(980) candidate:
4.5
NDt.=79.014.2;
NBg. =21.2 11.1
'c1, c1 a0(980)+ +c.c.
a0(980) sideband:
m in (1.3---1.9) GeV
NDt.=65.212.9;
NBg. =12.2 7.0
4.8
'c1, c1f2(1270)
and f2(1270)
candidates:
Sideband from and f2(1270)
'c1, c1 a0(980), f2(1270)
I. cross-contamination is considered.
II. Interference is not considered (low statistic)
Contamination from c1 a0
to c1f2 can be considered
with f2(1270) sideband
Contamination from c1f2
to c1 a0 can be considered
with a0(980) sideband
March 24, 2006 26Lianliang Ma
QED Background
(1)Contamination to signal
has been considered
(2) No contamination to ' and c1
Detection Efficiency
Simbes: based on Geant3
Angular distribution is considered
cos
(1+cos2)
(1-cos2 /3)
‘’, (1405) 'c1
Eff. is weighted average for: ‘+– , c1 +–
Systematic errorSystematic error
Conventional ones
Int.: Uncertainty in Br. of resonances: , ‘ c1, ’ +–
: Statistic of MC sample and of sub-processes for weighted Eff.
Fit: Uncertainty in selection of Bg. shape and mass region to fit
Results of Results of ’’++––
1, Improve the result of ’’,’+–:
2, The other results are all the first-time measurements
3, Upper limits are set for ’(1405/1475)+–
March 24, 2006 30Lianliang Ma
● Call on a working-group (8 members) to
study ‘ decays into + n-prong final states
a) +–, K+K– and pp-barb) +(+–+–, +–K+K– , K+K–K+K– , +–pp)c) +(+–+–+–, +–+–K+K–)
Measurement of Measurement of ' ' pppp
1 Two good charged tracks and Qi=0
2 Good photon number ≥ 1
3 With the photon with the largest energy, a 4C-fit is performed, and the Prob(2
comb , ndof )>0.01 2
comb= 24C +(i
2dE/dx + i
2TOF)
c
1, Clear cJ is observed
'pp
m(pp)E
vent
s/20
MeV
Eve
nts/
10 M
eV cJ
2, Only study the signal
with mpp<3.0 GeV
a) Mainly on signals
other than cJ
b) Background at 3.1 GeV from ‘x+J/
March 24, 2006 33Lianliang Ma
Background of 'pp
1, Background without pp, neglected.
dE /dx
TOF
’
2, Background from QED
March 24, 2006 34Lianliang Ma
a) ' x1+J/, J/ x2+pp
Background of 'pp
b) '
4, Background like pp + n
Neglected
pp + 20, 30, 20(neglected)
Measured
3, Background like pp + +–
DATA
Background
Ntot =381
NBg.=218.8
NQED =16*3.0
Nsignal=114.2
'pp
m(pp)
1, QED
2, ' pp + nE
vent
s/20
MeV
March 24, 2006 36Lianliang Ma
'pp
pp
pp0
pp0
pp00
2(4C) distribution
DT.1, Sig.
2, Bg.
3, QED
Proved by the Lund-MC result
Background has been
considered well
'pp
Components in the fitting
1, Sig.; 2, Bg. ; 3, QED.
Failed to add other component with Legender of order 1 or 2
' X, Xpp
Eff
.
dB/dm=(Nobs–Nbg)/ (•N' •m)
'pp
m(pp) m(pp)
dB/d
m (
10–5
/100
MeV
)
'pp
For mpp<3.0 GeV: Br.('pp)=(2.23±0.45±0.51)×10-5
Ana
lysi
s re
sult
dB/dm (10–5 /100 MeV)
Sys
. err
or
Nevt=21.8±7.8; Eff. =28.5%
'pp
c
Br(‘c, cpp)=(0.55 ±0.20 ±0.07)×10-5
m(pp)
Eve
nts/
10 M
eV
Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 022001 (200
3)
Nevt=21.7±8.5
m(pp) – 2mp
Eve
nts/
20 M
eV
PDG: (0.36±0.14) ×10-5
March 24, 2006 41Lianliang Ma
Measurement on Measurement on ’’++––
First measurement of the Br. of ’+–
SummarySummary
Improvement in the Br. of ''(958), (2.00± 0.59±0.29) ×10-5 reported by BESI
March 24, 2006 42Lianliang Ma
First search for (1405/1475) with '+–
SummarySummary
J/(1405/1475)KK = (2.8 ± 0.6)×10-3
J/(1405/1475)+– = (3.0 ± 0.5)×10-4
'(1405) KK <0.8 ×10-5
'(1475) KK <1.5 ×10-5
'(1405) +– <1.6 ×10-5
'(1475) +– <0.83 ×10-5
Seem different from J/ decay
March 24, 2006 43Lianliang Ma
First observation for c1+–, f2(1270),
a0(980)+ + c.c.
For the test of “12% rule”, ''(958) is suppressed,
’+– is consistent with.
SummarySummary
March 24, 2006 44Lianliang Ma
First measure the branching ratio of ’
for mpp<3.0 GeV.
pp
Measurement on Measurement on ’’
SummarySummary
pp
Report the differential branching ratios of
’ for mpp<3.0 GeV for the first time.pp
March 24, 2006 45Lianliang Ma
There seems the near-threshold enhancement
in mass spectrum pp
SummarySummary
New method (fitting the 2(4C)) is developed to
estimated background quantitatively
First working-group is organized, and is highly
praised by the professors
March 24, 2006 46Lianliang Ma
These analyses will be good topics These analyses will be good topics for BESIII (for BESIII (3.2 3.2 10 1099/year for /year for ''))
SummarySummary
Study (1405/1475) with '+–
Study c1+– about interference between
c1 a0(980) and c1f2(1270)
Study the near-threshold enhancement 'pp
March 24, 2006 47Lianliang Ma
That’s all!That’s all!
Thank you!Thank you!谢谢谢谢 !!
FinishedFinished
March 24, 2006 49Lianliang Ma
The “12% rule”
M. Appelquist and H. D. Politzer, PRL34, 43 (1975)
12%B
B
B
BQ
eeJ/ ψ
eeψ'
XJ/ ψ
Xψ'h
This is the famous (or notorious)
“12% rule”.
March 24, 2006 50Lianliang Ma
‘‘++
NDt.=65.212.9;
NBg. =12.2 7.0
4.8
'c1, c1f2(1270)
m()
Weighted Average for Weighted Average for
March 24, 2006 54Lianliang Ma
Background of 'pp’ pp0 ’ pp00
(1.75 0.21)10-4
March 24, 2006 55Lianliang Ma
mpp
(G
eV)
Momentum of p or p
CLEOc and BESCLEOc and BESDataData BESIIBESII CLEOcCLEOc
J/J/ 58 M58 M ----
’’ 14 M14 M 3 M3 M
’’’’ 33 pb33 pb-1-1 281 pb281 pb-1-1
ContinuuContinuumm
6.4 pb6.4 pb-1 -1 ((s=3.65 GeV)s=3.65 GeV) 21 pb21 pb-1 -1 ((s=3.67 GeV)s=3.67 GeV)
PerformancPerformancee
BESIIBESII CLEOcCLEOc
p/pp/p1.7%/1.7%/1+p1+p22 0.6%@p=1G0.6%@p=1G
eVeV
E/EE/E22% /22% /EE 2.2%@E=1G2.2%@E=1G
eVeV
PartIDPartID dE/dx+TOFdE/dx+TOF dE/dx+RICHdE/dx+RICHCoverageCoverage 80%80% 93%93%
X(1835) X(1835)
X(1835)
'/J '
BES Preliminaryhep-ex/0508025
6.0
Observation of X(1835)
' '
'
5.1
veto,,0
Shape of phase space
Data selection: mass cut part ID kinematic fit ’ mass cut
Combine two ’ decay modesX(1835)
2
2
MeV/c 7.73.207.67
MeV/c 7.21.67.1833
54264
M
Nobs
410)4.04.02.2()()( XBXJB
Fit with BW + polynomial backgrounds, considering mass resolution.
Statistical significance: 7.7
BES Preliminaryhep-ex/0508025
Mass res. ~ 13 MeVEfficiency ~ 4%
What is X(1835)?
2
2
MeV/c 7.73.207.67
MeV/c 7.21.67.1833
:resultsy preliminar BES
M
Mass comparableWidth differentNo 2’ yetNo JP from BES
In PDG’05:
1842
225
What is X(1835)?
MeV 7.217.67
MeV 7.67.1833
:resultsy preliminar BES
M
Mass agreeWidth not contradictNo JP in both cases
In PDG’05:
Include I=0 FSI correction (hep-ph/0411386), refit BES ppbar mass spectrum
BES preliminary:
M = 18317 MeV
< 153 MeV
BES: PRL91, 22001 (2003)
30 1859627
What is X(1835)?
Further arguments support X(1835)=X(1859)=ppbar bound state:• ppbar bound state couples to ’ large [G.J.Ding and M.L. Yan, PRC72, 015208 (2005)]• ppbar bound state couples to ppbar strong [S.L. Zhu and C.S. Gao, hep-ph/0507050]
51.90.8
4
10)0.4(7.0)pp)B(XγXψJB(
100.4)0.4(2.2)ηππ)B(XγXψJB(
More data, more experiments, more information needed
• mass and width, most importantly JP
• more decay modes• more calculations
Observation of an anomalous enhancement near the threshold of mass spectrum at BES II
M=1859 MeV/c2
< 30 MeV/c2 (90% CL)
J/pp
M(pp)-2mp (GeV)0 0.1 0.2 0.3
3-body phase space acceptance
2/dof=56/56
acceptance weighted BW +3 +5
10 25
pp
BES II
Phys. Rev. Lett., 91 (2003) 022001
BESIIIBESIII
BEPCII:BEPCII: a high luminosity double–ring collidea high luminosity double–ring colliderr
The BESIII DetectorThe BESIII Detector
Be beam pipe
SC magnet Magnet yoke
& -counter
Drift Chamber
CsI(Tl) calorimeter
TOF
Charmonia Productions at BESIIICharmonia Productions at BESIII
Limited by existing tunnel
42 1022.73
:spreadenergy Ecm bE
Ecm=3.097 GeV =0.93 MeVEcm=3.686 GeV =1.3 MeVImportant for narrow resonance like J/ or ’.
Events Productions at BESIIIEvents Productions at BESIII
Huge numbers of J/ or ’ in one year’s running ---So the accelerator and detector optimized for D physics!
PhysicsPhysics EcmEcm Peak Lum.Peak Lum.(10(103333cmcm-2-2ss-1-1))
Cross SeCross Sec.(nb)c.(nb)
EventsEvents
/ year/ year
J/J/ 3.0973.097 0.60.6 34003400 10 10 10 1099
(2S)(2S) 3.6863.686 1.01.0 640640 3.2 3.2 10 1099
(3770)(3770) 3.7703.770 1.01.0 7.47.4 37 37 10 1066
(4040)(4040) 4.0404.040 0.60.6 9.29.2 28 28 10 1066
(4160)(4160) 4.1604.160 0.60.6 6.26.2 19 19 10 1066
3.6703.670 1.01.0 2.42.4 12 12 10 1066
DDbarDDbar 3.7703.770 1.01.0 66 30 30 10 1066
DDSS 4.0304.030 0.60.6 0.30.3 0.9 0.9 10 1066
DDSS 4.1404.140 0.60.6 0.60.6 1.8 1.8 10 1066
Average Lum. = 0.5×Peak Lum; and 1 year = 107s data taking time
Project ScheduleProject Schedule
June 2003 R&D and prototype May 2004 BEPC run•Jan. 2004 Jun. 2006 Construction•May 2004 Nov. 2004 BESII dismounting/Linac upgrade •Nov. 2004 Jan. 2005 Linac commissioning•Jan. 2005 Jun. 2005 SR run•Jul. 2005 Apr. 2006 Storage ring assembling•Jan. 2006 June 2006 Commissioning of storage ring•Dec. 15, 2006 Move BESIII to beam-line•Jan. 2007 Commissioning machine & detector•Feb. 2007 Test runphysics run