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+ Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

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Page 1: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+

Psychology’s Roots

Founding & History of Psychology

Page 2: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Wilhelm Wundt

Father of Psychology

Germany 1879

Identify ‘elements’ of consciousness & discover laws about how their connected

Introspection

Emphasized precise measurements

Famous student: E.B. Titchener

http://youtu.be/CQvcp3k8tJc

http://youtu.be/CQvcp3k8tJc
Page 3: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Structuralism

E.B. Titchener Englishmen—moved to US

School of Thought: Structuralism

Analyze basic elements of conscious mental experience

Used introspection

Criticized, “structuralism” didn’t last long

Page 4: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Functionalism

First American School of Psychology

How do humans & animals use mental processes in adapting to their environment

William James

James wrote “Principles of Psychology”

Stream of consciousness, fluid thinking

Functionalism also broadened to cover the study of behavior

Page 5: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Gestalt Psychology

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler

Individuals perceive objects & patterns as whole units, and that the whole thus perceived is more than the sum of its parts

Germany—disbanded because Nazis came into power

Still relevant to the study of perception & learning

http://youtu.be/nxKcpfFvuf8

http://youtu.be/nxKcpfFvuf8
Page 6: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Behaviorism

Science of behavior: observable & measurable

Determined by factors in the environment

John B. Watson “you can’t measure/see what you think, you need to study what you can see.”

B. F. Skinner—major force into the 1960s

Now: we consider behavior as well as thoughts

Page 7: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalysis: human mental life is like an iceberg: conscious & unconscious

Unconscious mind determines thoughts, feelings & behavior

Freudian slip

http://youtu.be/sj2JFI4BsRQ

http://youtu.be/sj2JFI4BsRQ
http://youtu.be/sj2JFI4BsRQ
http://www.all-about-psychology.com/sigmund-freud.html
Page 8: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Humanistic Psychology

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

Focus on the uniqueness of human beings & their capacity for choice, growth, and psychological health

Maslow: hierarchy of needs—self-actualization

Rogers: client centered therapy

Page 9: + Psychology’s Roots Founding & History of Psychology

+Cognitive Psychology

Focus on mental processes: memory, problem solving, reasoning & decision making, language, and perception

Noam Chomsky: linguist, study of language

Artificial intelligence

Able to directly observe mental processes through PET scans


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