Kellogg-Briand Pact signed– war Kellogg-Briand Pact signed– war is not a national policy is not a national policy

President Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Frank B. Kellogg, President Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Frank B. Kellogg, standing, with representatives of the governments who have ratified the standing, with representatives of the governments who have ratified the Treaty for Renunciation of War (Kellogg-Briand Pact), in the East Room Treaty for Renunciation of War (Kellogg-Briand Pact), in the East Room of the White House.of the White House.

Congress passes first in a series Congress passes first in a series of Neutrality Acts, extending of Neutrality Acts, extending ban on arms sales and loans to ban on arms sales and loans to nations engaged in civil warsnations engaged in civil wars

Japan attacks China – we send Japan attacks China – we send supplies to China, skirting supplies to China, skirting around the Neutrality Acts around the Neutrality Acts because Japan didn’t actually because Japan didn’t actually declare wardeclare war

- Roosevelt speaks out against - Roosevelt speaks out against isolationism but the isolationists isolationism but the isolationists accuse him of trying to lead us accuse him of trying to lead us to war, so he backs off to war, so he backs off

We turn back the We turn back the St. LouisSt. Louis fearing German enemy fearing German enemy agents on board, as well as agents on board, as well as for reasons of anti-for reasons of anti-Semitism, and fear of Semitism, and fear of losing US jobs and losing US jobs and threatening economic threatening economic recovery recovery

Congress passes Congress passes “cash and carry” “cash and carry” legislation to help legislation to help Britain and France Britain and France which will keep us which will keep us out of warout of war

We have sent 500,000 We have sent 500,000 rifles, 80,000 machine rifles, 80,000 machine guns, and traded 50 guns, and traded 50 destroyers for leases at destroyers for leases at British military bases – British military bases – “decidedly un-neutral” “decidedly un-neutral”

Germany, Italy and Japan Germany, Italy and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact, sign the Tripartite Pact, becoming the Axis becoming the Axis Powers – aimed at Powers – aimed at keeping the US out of keeping the US out of war by being a larger war by being a larger threatthreat

US boosts defense US boosts defense spending and passes 1st spending and passes 1st peacetime draft – the peacetime draft – the Selective Training and Selective Training and Service Act for men 21-35 Service Act for men 21-35 years old drafting 1 million years old drafting 1 million men for 1 year to serve in men for 1 year to serve in Western Hemisphere onlyWestern Hemisphere only

Roosevelt re-elected to 3rd term Roosevelt re-elected to 3rd term when Wendell Wilkie proves to when Wendell Wilkie proves to believe in many of the same believe in many of the same policiespolicies

Roosevelt gives speech saying the Roosevelt gives speech saying the only way to defeat the Axis powers only way to defeat the Axis powers so the world is not living at so the world is not living at gunpoint if France and Britain are gunpoint if France and Britain are defeated is to become a “great defeated is to become a “great arsenal of democracy”arsenal of democracy”

Britain is out of money for Britain is out of money for cash & carrycash & carry

March 1940 – Congress March 1940 – Congress passes the Lend-Lease Act passes the Lend-Lease Act to lend and lease arms and to lend and lease arms and supplies to any country supplies to any country whose defense is vital to whose defense is vital to the USthe US

Hitler breaks his pact Hitler breaks his pact with Stalin and invades with Stalin and invades the USSR – the US sends the USSR – the US sends lend-lease supplies to lend-lease supplies to USSR – the enemy of our USSR – the enemy of our enemy is our friend enemy is our friend

Japan invades French Japan invades French owned Indochina so US owned Indochina so US cuts off all trade with cuts off all trade with Japan – Japan needs peace Japan – Japan needs peace to keep oil and supplies to keep oil and supplies for their expansion, so for their expansion, so peace talks with US begin peace talks with US begin

Roosevelt extends terms of Roosevelt extends terms of draftees, meets with Churchill draftees, meets with Churchill on USS August to settle on a on USS August to settle on a joint declaration of war aims joint declaration of war aims called the Atlantic Charter, for called the Atlantic Charter, for the common purpose of Allies the common purpose of Allies fighting against Axis powers – fighting against Axis powers – which is signed by 26 nations which is signed by 26 nations

Roosevelt allows US warships Roosevelt allows US warships to attack German U-boats in to attack German U-boats in self-defense after wolf packs self-defense after wolf packs sink as much as 350,000 tons sink as much as 350,000 tons of supplies in one month. After of supplies in one month. After U-boats sink US destroyers U-boats sink US destroyers KearnyKearny and and Reuben JamesReuben James, , order is given to shoot U-boats order is given to shoot U-boats on site on site

Japan prepares Japan prepares attack on Pearl attack on Pearl Harbor Harbor

Japan attacks US base Japan attacks US base at Pearl Harbor – 2403 at Pearl Harbor – 2403 people killed, 1178 people killed, 1178 wounded, 21 ships sunk wounded, 21 ships sunk or damaged, and over or damaged, and over 300 planes destroyed300 planes destroyed

Roosevelt declares war, Roosevelt declares war, calling the attack a “day calling the attack a “day which will live in infamy”which will live in infamy”

5 million men volunteer to 5 million men volunteer to fight – to meet the fight – to meet the demands, the Selective demands, the Selective Service draft another 10 Service draft another 10 millionmillion