In 2000 B.C., city-states, political units made up of a city and its surrounding lands, were founded...
If you can't read please download the document
In 2000 B.C., city-states, political units made up of a city and its surrounding lands, were founded Greece had a lasting impact on modern civilization;
In 2000 B.C., city-states, political units made up of a city
and its surrounding lands, were founded Greece had a lasting impact
on modern civilization; both their governments and culture are
reflected in Europe today A series of internal and external
conflicts with Persia resulted in Greeces downfall Alexander III of
Macedon created a huge empire that spread Greek culture but broke
apart after his death
Slide 4
Rome was a republic, a government in which citizens elect
representatives to rule in their name Later, it became an empire,
and conquered many oversea territories, which led to civil unrest
in Italy Christianity was born in Palestine, a Roman territory, and
spread throughout the empire from there By 395 A.D., the empire had
split; the western half was conquered by Germanic invaders within a
century, while the eastern half lasted 1,000 years longer
Slide 5
Slide 6
Italy became divided into many small states after the fall of
Rome During the Crusades, Italy became rich through banking and
foreign trade In the 14 th century, it became the birthplace of the
Renaissance, which spread north from there Italys wealth did not
protect it from disease; in 1347, the black plague killed
millions.
Slide 7
Muslims from North Africa conquered the Iberian Peninsula in
the 700s The Catholics in Spain drove the Muslims out in 1492 Also
in 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America; Spain and
Portugal were the first to establish colonies around the world
Slide 8
Slide 9
Many of the languages spoken in Europe today are derived from
Latin, the language of Rome The split of the Roman Empire also
caused a split in Christianity, separating Orthodox from
Catholicism
Slide 10
Many architectural ideas from that era impact design today This
region also has an artistic legacy; many famous painters and
sculptors were born here
Slide 11
Slide 12
Mediterranean nations are less industrial than those of
Northern and Western Europe In the late 20 th century, the regions
economy evolved into one of manufacturing Greece, Portugal, and
Spain strengthened their trade when they joined the European
Union
Slide 13
The region still faces economic challenges, such as Italys
northern half being more developed than its southern half The
entire Mediterranean region has poor energy resources, forcing them
to rely heavily on imported petroleum
Slide 14
Italy and Spain saw the rise of dictators during World War II
The Basques of the Pyrenees have had an ongoing fight independence
with Spain City growth has led to housing shortages, pollution, and
traffic jams
Slide 15
Slide 16
Slide 17
France and Germany are the dominant countries in Western Europe
Resources, ports and trade routes helped them to build productive
economies After the Roman Empire conquered the Celtic Tribes, Latin
was born French is one of the Roman languages After Charlemagne
died, his empire began to fall apart
Slide 18
During the Renaissance, people began to question the Catholic
Church In 1517, Martin Luther published 95 statements that
criticized church practices that were wrong The Reformation was a
period where many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church
and started Protestant churches Most of Western Europe is either
Protestant or Catholic
Slide 19
Slide 20
During the centuries after Rome fell, feudalism- a political
system in which powerful lords own land, came in Europe Nationalism
is the belief that people should be loyal to their country People
became upset that the King had all the power, so they rebelled.
This was called the French Revolution Western Europe experienced
industrial growth in the 1800s
Slide 21
The nationalistic rivalry and competition for land in Europe
helped spark WWI The Allied Powers won, and caused hate on Germany
This hate on Germany caused WWII. Germany was led by Adolf Hitler
and the Nazis Adolf Hitler caused the Holocaust- a program of mass
murder of Jewish people After Germany lost in 1945, it split into
East and West Germany
Slide 22
Slide 23
Western Europe is rich in Agriculture Belgium, France, the
Netherlands and Switzerland export Dairy products Western Europe
leads the industry because of Iron ore and coal Electronics is a
major part of the Netherlands France has a TGV, the fastest train
on the planet
Slide 24
Western Europe is a popular tourist location It is also a
leading exporter in luxurious goods, as it exports to all over the
world Germany has had economic problems ever since reuniting in
1992 The east is suffering due to out-of-date factories and
products
Slide 25
Slide 26
Many famous musicians came from Germany, like Beethoven Mozart
came form Austria Painters in Western Europe paint with great
realism They use oil paints
Slide 27
Western Europe cities have good transportation, and lots of
entertainment Many people socialize in cafs when the weather is
nice Conflicts in Germany include Immigration, and
overpopulation
Slide 28
Slide 29
Slide 30
Northern Europe was settled by waves of migrating people The
Roman Empire conquered Great Britain and held it until its decline,
when it was taken from Germanic tribes During the Middle Ages,
seafaring warriors, known as the Vikings, terrorized Europe by
conducting hit-and-run raids on coastal towns. In the 11 th
century, William the Conqueror of Normandy subjugated England and
began to rule over it.
Slide 31
Denmark, Sweden, and Norway were all strong kingdoms, but none
ever became an empire On the other hand, Great Britain built an
empire that affected the entire world Britain had the geographic
advantage of being an island; no army could get to it without going
through their navy Great Britain had so many colonies, that it was
always day in some part of the empire
Slide 32
Slide 33
The absolute monarchy of England became limited by a parliament
This was done by the signing of the Magna Carta These ideas spread
on to the colonies of Britain
Slide 34
Large deposits of iron and coal helped Britain to be the first
nation to industrialize After WWII, the British Empire changed, as
nearly all its colonies gained independence Britain still faces the
problem of Irish Independence; only part of Ireland has been given
its freedom
Slide 35
Slide 36
Sweden and the United Kingdom both have many aerospace, paper,
food, and pharmaceuticals industries in common Northern Europe has
plenty of natural resources: Sweden exports timber, Iceland relies
on its fishing, and Norway utilizes a large portion of the North
Sea oil
Slide 37
Technology has rapidly changed Europes economy, and become a
major part of many countries industries There is a controversy
about the European Union, which pressures the European nations to
join it Europeans also have mixed feelings about adopting the euro,
which many do not feel is best for their country
Slide 38
Slide 39
Most people of Northern Europe speak a Germanic language The
Reformation also helped unite the regions religious belief: the
majority are Protestant
Slide 40
The Nordic countries have an influence on many modern arts,
including theater and film Great Britains William Shakespeare had a
strong impact on literature; well after his time, his plays are
still performed and adapted for movies
Slide 41
The governments of Europe take great responsibility for the
people, resulting in many benefits but high taxes The people of
these countries are also known for their distinctive countries Even
though these countries have some of the coldest climates, outdoor
sports remain popular
Slide 42
Slide 43
Eastern Europe is a cultural crossroads, a place where people
of various cultures meet; since ancient times, people moved between
Asia and Europe through here By 100 A.D., this area was held by the
Romans; it was held by the Byzantine Empire until the 14 th
century, when it was taken over by the Ottoman Empire Austria drove
the Ottomans out of the region, but later the area was divided up
among Prussia, Russia, and themselves
Slide 44
Slide 45
By the 20 th century, Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania,
and Serbia had gotten their independence from the Ottomans They
were constantly fighting over pieces of territory, which led to the
creation of a new word: balkanization, referring to a region
breaking up into small, mutually hostile units The turmoil in this
area eventually led to World War I, when a Serbian assassinated an
Austrian noble When the war was over, the Ottoman Empire split into
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Turkey, and Yugoslavia
During World War II, Germany conquered most of this region; after
the war, Eastern Europe became a region of satellite nations of
Russia
Slide 46
By the late 1980s the Soviet Union had economic problems, and
Eastern Europe was given more freedom All the Eastern European
countries gave up communism for democracy Instability followed, as
loyalty was now transferred to ethnic groups, leading to the areas
balkanization
Slide 47
Slide 48
Under communism, the government owned all factories, so
production was not very efficient Eastern Europe traded with the
Soviet Union, so technology produced in democratic nations was not
given to them; the type of factories they used also created a lot
more pollution The dramatic switch to a market economy caused
problems such as inflation and unemployment
Slide 49
Some nations have had trouble making economic progress Albanias
growth is slowed by old equipment, a lack of raw materials, and a
shortage of educated workers Romanias citizens do not have money to
invest in business, and foreigners do not want to The civil wars of
1990 in former Yugoslavia damaged many buildings, and either killed
or forced workers to emigrate from the country It will take years
for these countries to overcome the damage of communism
Slide 50
Slide 51
The area has many languages, making it difficult for the region
to unify Many religions are prominent in the area, which also
contributes to the diversity Many different ideologies have
influences on this region, causing the different ethnic groups to
have unique cultural activities
Slide 52
Eastern Europe is less urbanized than most of Europe As its
cities grow pollution, traffic jams, and housing shortages will
become problems Many ethnic groups have strong dislikes of others,
leading to conflicts Many minority groups in Eastern Europe face
discrimination To become a true democracy, they need to relinquish
old enmities, and work together.
Slide 53
Slide 54
The Black Death was a period in history where sickness was
common, and between 30 and 60 percent of Europes population died,
or 20-50 million people. The pandemic began in China or Central
Asia, where infected rats were shipped to Europe and many got
infected. It returned various times until the plague left for good
in the 19 th century It took Europe 150 years for its population to
recover.
Slide 55
The Black Death was caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis.
This bacteria was held in fleas and rats. Once humans were
infected, they would die within 3-7 days. The mortality rate was
between 30-75% (records at this time were very inaccurate) for the
Bubonic plague, 95% for the Pneumonic plague, and close to 100% for
the Septicemic plague
Slide 56
The classic sign was if you had a bubo, which were usually
found in the groin, the armpits and the neck, which all bled and
oozed pus. Signs also include fever, headaches, aching joints,
nausea, vomiting for the bubonic plague. For the Pneumonic plague,
it was fever, cough, and blood- tinged sputum. For the Septicemic
Plague, it was high fevers and purple skin patches