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The Chemistry of Chocolate
Hartise Presley
• History• How It is Made• Organic Compounds in Chocolate • Health Benefits • Fun Facts• Written Assignment
Topics to Cover
Mesoamericas 200 BC Currency 1519
Hernán Cortés
History
Theobroma cocoa Greek
Theos= god ; broma = food (“Food of the Gods”)
Natively found in Central and South America
Cultivation Ivory Coast
How Chocolate is Made
• Seeds = beans• Pulp
• Roasting• Aroma• Flavor
• Cocoa “nibs” ground• Chocolate Liquor • Cocoa butter extraction• White chocolate
Opened Cocoa pod
Roasting Cocoa seeds
Cocoa “nibs”
Main Types of Chocolate
Dark Purest Mostly chocolate liquor
Milk Some chocolate liquor and
cocoa butter Milk fat
White No chocolate liquor (cocoa
solids) Mostly cocoa butter
Xanthine Alkaloids Theobromine Phenylethylamine Caffeine
Lecithin (soy) Anandamide Flavonoids Sugars Tannins Many others….
Organic Compounds in Chocolate
Derived from xanthine High concentration in
chocolate Blocks adenosine in the
brain to reduce sleepiness
Toxicity to animals Metabolism
TheobromineHN
NN
N
O
O
CH3
CH3
HN
NN
HN
O
O
Xanthine
• Known for psychoactive stimulant effects • Amphetamine • ADD (Adderall)
• Norepinephrine and Dopamine
Phenylethylamine NH2
NH2
CH3
Amphetamine
Phenylethylamine
NH2HO
HO
Dopamine NH2HO
HO
OH
Norepinephrine
Found only in small quantities Theobromine vs. Caffeine
Theobromine’s stimulant effects last longer than caffeine
Caffeine is fast acting Caffeine has stronger effect Withdrawal Addiction
Caffeine in the body Metabolism
Caffeine
N
NN
N
O
O
CH3
CH3
H3C
Lecithin (Soy)
• Soy Lecithin• emulsifier
Antioxidant
effects Flavan-3-ol
Flavonoids/Flavols
Diuretic Reduces heart disease Reduces chance of stroke Cough suppressant Tooth Decay Prevention Anti- oxidant
Dark chocolate
Health Benefits
Lethal Dose German chocolate cake was actually
named after an American named Sam German
Mayans sometimes used chocolate for baptisms
People suffering from depression eat about twice as much chocolate as other people
One chocolate chip provides enough energy for someone to walk 150 feet
Random Facts
Written Assignment
• Drugs Society & Human Behavior by. Carl L. Hart, Charles Ksir, and Oakley Ray• Organic Chemistry by. Paula Yurkanis Bruice• http://ulecology.com/piclib/241.jpg• http://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2010/09/29/3966964/compressedcomal.jpg• http://
images6.fanpop.com/image/photos/33300000/Cocoa-beans-chocolate-33389867-800-600.jpg
• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_O5yqxEV-CkA/TM25OD8J1_I/AAAAAAAAARo/2M1GJ9jIPPc/s1600/Cocoa-bean-split-open.png
• http://chocolatelovers.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dog_chocolate-e1295305464721-266x300.jpg
• http://s4.favim.com/orig/50/chocolate-comfort-console-cry-depression-Favim.com-458047.jpg
• https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7140/7713808438_e482aecc71.jpg• http://www.olympiacandy.com/assets/images/category-images/chocolate-coins.jpg• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/892591.stm• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Cortes.jpg• http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/Fat/FatImg/lecithin.jpg
References
http://www.athenapub.com/chocolat.htm http://facts-about-chocolate.com/how-is-chocolate-made/ http://racetams.net/2014/07/23/phenylethylamine-chocolate-bene
fits/ http://www.factslides.com/s-Chocolate http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resources/highs
chool/chemmatters/chocolate-the-new-health-food-or-is-it.pdf http://thestoryofchocolate.com/What/content.cfm?ItemNumber=3
439&navItemNumber=3442 http://www.xocoatl.org/science.htm http://www.amanochocolate.com/articles/how-much-caffeine-is-in-
chocolate/ http://www.xocoatl.org/caffeine.htm http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/features/anandami
de.shtml http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301923 http://www.cocoavia.com/mars-and-cocoa-flavanols/ http://facts.randomhistory.com/chocolate-facts.html http://brewedchoc.com/theobromine-vs-caffeine/ http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/95/3/740.full http://www.everydayhealth.com/cold-and-flu/1210/chocolate-a-cur
e-for-the-common-cough-4924.aspx
References
