DNA to TraitsPROTEIN SYNTHESIS

DNA to PROTEINS

DNA is the blueprint for life – it contains your genetic information

The order of the bases in a segment of DNA (__________) codes for a particular protein; these proteins then determine your traits

How do you get from a 4-letter code to an entire organism?

_______________________A GENE IS A SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CODES FOR A PROTEIN. NOT ALL DNA CODES FOR PROTEINS.

DNA to RNA: TRANSCRIPTION

In the first step of protein synthesis, the code of DNA is transcribed onto a molecule of RNA – this step of the process is known as ____________________

DNA is ___ ____ to leave the nucleus (but proteins are made in the ribosome), so the information in DNA must be transferred to a molecule of ____________

DNA to RNA: TRANSCRIPTION

RNA =_______________ _____________________

It contains a ________ sugar (instead of Deoxyribose)

It is a _______ ________ (which makes it half the size of DNA)

RNA does NOT contain the base Thymine(T); instead, it contains the base _____________________

DNA to RNA: TRANSCRIPTION In transcription, a segment of DNA

(gene) is unwound to expose the bases

The DNA is used as a template to make the strand of RNA

RNA nucleotides arrange themselves in order, according to the order of bases on the DNA strand to make a strand of ______________________ (mRNA)

This mRNA will then leave the nucleus and travel through the cytoplasm to the _____________ to direct the making of the protein

If the order of bases on a strand of DNA is ATCATG, what would its complementary mRNA be?____________________

RNA to PROTEINS: TRANSLATION

Remember, proteins (polypeptides)are made of ________________! There are 20 different amino acids that serve as the building blocks of proteins.

In translation, the mRNA travels to the ribosome, where it meets up with the _____________________________ (tRNA)

The mRNA and the tRNA meet in the _____________ (site of protein synthesis) – the ribosome is made up of a third type of RNA, known as __________________________ (rRNA)

RNA to PROTEINS: TRANSLATION

Transfer RNA is the molecule that carries the _____________ to the ribosome to be added to the protein

tRNA “reads” the code on the mRNA to make sure that the amino acids are assembled in the correct order

On one end of the tRNA molecule, there is a special three-base sequence, known as the ______________________

This anti-codon on the tRNA will bond only with is matching 3-base sequence on the mRNA strand (which is called a __________________).

If the mRNA codon is AUG, what tRNA anti-codon will bond to it? ______________

Transfer RNA is an RNA molecule that is ‘bent’ into a unique shape. On one end it carries a specific amino acid, and on the other end is the anti-codon that will determine where in the protein chain that amino acid is placed

RNA to PROTEINS: TRANSLATION So, the tRNAs, each carrying an amino acid, come to the

_______________ and hunt for the correct place on the mRNA strand to put their amino acid

Once they find the correct codon on the mRNA, they leave their amino acid behind, adding it to the growing chain

This process repeats, assembling the correct sequence of amino acids, until a ____________ codon is reached

A STOP codon is a 3-base sequence on the mRNA that tells the ribosome to stop adding amino acids to the chain

The amino acids are bonded together using ________________, and a protein (polypeptide) is made!

The ___________________ of Biology: › DNA RNA PROTEIN TRAIT