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Classical Conditioning – The type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke the response initially evoked by another stimulus◦ an item creates a response it wouldn’t normally
cause through pairing
Introduction Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=znAzMkn5Ey0
Ivan Pavlov Conducted research on digestion, specifically role
of saliva in digestion process of dogs.
Pavlov presented meat (powder) to dogs, preceded by a clicking sound to alert them of the food.
Over time, dogs salivated in response to clicking sound.
Pavlov further investigated phenomenon:
Presented meat with a tone (bell)
After several pairings, he presented bell alone to dogs◦ What happened?
What is the significance of his research?
1.) Unconditioned Stimulus (US)- The stimulus that evokes a natural response.◦ Pavlov Ex.)
2.) Unconditioned Response (UR)- The natural reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.◦ Pavlov Ex.)
3.) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- Previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, evokes conditioned response.◦ Pavlov Ex.)
4.) Conditioned Response (CR)- Learned reaction to conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning
***Usually the same as UR*******◦ Pavlov Ex.)
Trials- Presentations of the stimuli (US and CS) together◦ Pavlov Ex.)
◦ The Office Ex.)
Number of trials needed for classical conditioning to occur varies
“The Office”
US-
UR-
CS-
CR-
Shower Example
US-
UR-
CS-
CR-
Many of our phobias and fears are direct result of classical conditioning
Examples:◦ Bridge Phobia◦ Taco Bell
◦ Class Examples
May be conditioned to associate stimulus with positive feelings
Examples:◦ Cotton candy ice cream
Classical conditioning could even play a role in sexual arousal
Example:◦ Seinfeld clip◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLKhJnKrf9M
1.) Acquisition- This term refers to the learning of the conditioned response
2.) Extinction – This refers to a gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned response◦ How does this usually occur?
3.) Spontaneous Recovery- After extinction, a response may spontaneously reappear.
Real World Examples:
Stimulus Generalization – An organism that has learned a response to a specific stimuli responds in same way to stimuli that are similar to original stimulus.◦ Clown Example
John B. Watson study◦ “Little Albert”- 11 month old
Conditioned to fear bunnies
Class examples, if time permits