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Chapter 24
Changed the nature and impact of European overseas expansion ◦ No More:
Spices and Manufactured goods◦ 2 Things Europe now wanted:
1. Raw materials ( metals, oils, dyes, textiles)2. People to buy the goods This was how to justify colonization
Religion ◦ The state was no longer pushing for conversion
Industrialism changed so much
Tropical dependencies:◦ Africa, Asia, and South Pacific◦ Small number of Europeans to control a large
number of natives◦ Often comes about slowly
Settlement Colonies◦ Canada & Australia
Decedents of European settlers made up most of the population
◦ South Africa, Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia, New Zealand and Hawaii Combo Many thousands of Europeans settle there
2 different kinds of Imperialism
Slowly Manipulating the local tribes and groups to
fight with each Manipulate the situation so that you back
the winning side and you get rewarded with land
How to get power
Access to vast amounts of natural resources throughout the world
Advances in chemistry: explosives Mobile artillery Breech loading rifles Railroads Steam ships, iron hulls and cannons Resistance is futile
European Advantages
Imperialism in Java
Most populated island in Indonesia Dutch slowly took control of the smaller
Islands◦ Spices
Gradually the Dutch took the land by taking advantage of tribal rivalries ◦ Starts in 1600s and have control by 1830◦ Very different
Basics
Imperialism in India“The Crown Jewel of the British Colonies?
British East India Company◦ Very corrupt over time
The British “Raj”◦ British political establishment in India
The British were able to consolidate power slowly due to the infighting of the Indian Princes◦ No feeling of India nationalism ◦ It was hard to appeal to the defense of the
homeland
Basics
They were fighting on a global scale at this time
British won all but the Americas◦ (the French helped the US)◦ Wins the rest of India
The Sepoys were doing the fighting for this as well◦ The India people fought the battle for the
European Sounds like a good deal
British vs. French
Imperialism in Africa
Boers: Dutch people◦ Moved in 1600s ◦ Created two states in
the northern part of South Africa
The Dutch had been there for awhile and were not up on all the new things that have developed in Europe
British tried to colonize in 1800s
Boer Wars
1st Boer War (1880-1881)◦ “Great Trek” the Dutch
move to escape British rule Orange Free State Transvaal
British and Boers war with each other and the Bantu people aka Zulus
Boers dominate the British military: Guerilla Tactics
British give up and sign a peace treaty
2nd Boer War (1899-1902)
Gold discovered in Transvaal ◦ The British want it
Boers dominate at the beginning◦ Trench war, total war
Boers eventually lose because they are outnumbered
American soldiers volunteer for action in South Africa to fight with the Boers
Social Changes
The Europeans put themselves at the top of the social hierarchy no matter where they are
Realized they couldn’t live like they did in Europe◦ Housing◦ Dress◦ Food◦ Entertainment◦ relationships
In the beginning:
Started to see the culture of the colonized areas as inferior◦ Open disdain◦ White racial supremacy (laws)◦ Mental and moral superiority
If the natives inferior education and moral intellect were permanent than there is no reason to socialize with them◦ Reason for colonization
Later developments