< BackNext >PreviewMain The Rock Cycle Chapter 4 Key PointsNotes What is a rock? Composition Texture < BackNext >PreviewMain A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter. The Rock Cycle < BackNext >PreviewMain Composition is the chemical makeup of a rock. Composition can describe either the minerals or other materials in the rock. The Rock Cycle < BackNext >PreviewMain Texture based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rocks grains (___________). MINERALS The Rock Cycle < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause rock to physically weather into fragments. Through erosion, these rock and mineral fragments, called sediment, are moved from one place to another. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Key PointsNotes How are sedimentary rocks formed? < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Sediment is deposited in layers, and eventually newer strata cover the older strata. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Stratification is the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers (strata). Strata differ from one another depending on the kind, size, and color of their sediment. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Key PointsNotes Where do sedimentary rocks form? < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Sedimentary rocks are formed on Earths crust. They sometimes record the motion of wind and water waves called ripple marks. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Structures called mud cracks form when fine- grained sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to the air and dry out. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Even raindrop impressions can be preserved in fine-grained sediments, as small pits with raised rims. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Key PointsNotes Special identifying characteristics of sedimentary rocks Strata Fossil imprints Dark and/or earthy look Rock fragments < BackNext >PreviewMain The Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rock Formation Key PointsNotes 3 types of sedimentary rocks < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Clastic sedimentary rock is made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or quartz. Clastic sedimentary rocks can have coarse-grained, medium-grained, or fine-grained textures. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Chemical sedimentary rock forms from solutions of dissolved mineral and water. As rainwater slowly makes its way to the ocean, it dissolves some of the rock material it passes through. < BackNext >PreviewMain Sedimentary Rock Formation Organic sedimentary rock is made up of the skeletons and shells of sea animals. These remains collect on the ocean floor and eventually become cemented together. Coal is a type of organic sedimentary rock that is formed when decomposed plant material is buried beneath sediment. < BackNext >PreviewMain Identifying Characteristics (how do you know its sedimentary?) Type of Sedimentary Rock Name of Sedimentary Rock Detailed Illustration 1 2 Sedimentary Rock Identification < BackNext >PreviewMain Metamorphic Rock Formation Key PointsNotes How are metamorphic rocks formed? < BackNext >PreviewMain As rocks undergo metamorphism, original minerals in a rock change into new minerals that are more stable within the new pressure and temperature conditions. Metamorphic Rock Formation < BackNext >PreviewMain Metamorphic Rock Formation Key PointsNotes Where do metamorphic rocks form? < BackNext >PreviewMain Index minerals and are used to estimate the temperature, depth, and pressure at which a rock undergoes metamorphism in Earths crust. Metamorphic Rock Formation < BackNext >PreviewMain Metamorphic Rock Formation Key PointsNotes Special identifying characteristics of metamorphic rocks Lines of stretched minerals Specific index minerals < BackNext >PreviewMain Metamorphic Rock Formation Key PointsNotes 2 types of metamorphic rocks < BackNext >PreviewMain Identifying Characteristics (how do you know its metamorphic?) Type of Sedimentary Rock Name of Sedimentary Rock Detailed Illustration 1 2 Metamorphic Rock Identification