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9

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1920

1930

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1929

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candid form of

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the whole arsenal of indirect protectionism

sanitary policy measures

export bounties

free trade

11

7.5

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1931

12

1930 1931

13

19

20

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1920

equitable treatment for the

commerce 23 e

1922

(Genoa Conference)

(progressive suppression)

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1923

General Convention on the Simplification of Custom 19 United Nations[1931]II73 74

20 Brown[1950]39 40

14

Formalities

3

1927

1. 1927 21

1925 9

21 35

1927 5 3

50 350 22

a return to the effective

liberty of international trading

higher, more complicated, less stable and more

numerous (within the

sovereign jurisdiction)

vital interests

21 International Economic Conference

22 1927 98 99

15

arbitrary practices and disguised discriminations

general agreement

health regulations

scientifically

23

any suspicion of disguised protection

2. 1927 24

23 1929

International Convention for the Protection of Plants 24 International Conference for the

16

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:

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indispensable and compatible with the system of the

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18

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where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on international

trade 20 GATT 20

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SPS

vexatious prohibitions ostensibly

imposed for health or veterinary reasons

be limited to such measures as were strictly

26 League of Nations[1927]10

19

necessary

1881

1914 1926 192427 Final

Act to the Convention

joint action

28

SPS 3

epizooties and epiphyties

in no case be imposed or enforced as a means of hampering or

discriminating against the trade of countries

adopt only measures of proved efficacy and to

make their severity proportionate to the risks of infection anticipated

27

1860 18807 1878

International Convention on Measures to be taken against Phylloxera vastatrix 1881

1889 3 1908FAO 1929

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1921 421924 1927 3

1 28

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6

192029

a legitimate measure in the interests of public health

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Protocol to the Convention and annexed Declaration

extend to

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similar national products

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of applying to foreign products the system in force in the country itself in

29 1920 1 0.5

1933 12

21

connection with the production, sale, consumption of forwarding of similar

products 7

application of standards for classification and

grading of commodities secure the

maintenance of a minimum standard of quality

an indirect means

subjecting them to a régime of

unfair discrimination

30

Permanent Court of International Justice

30

1927

22

31

6

grave difficulties

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1932 2

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1929 11 1(C.519.M177.1929.II) International Conference for the Conclusion of A Tariff truce”

1983377 379

26

1929 9 10

the gradual reduction of barriers of every

kind, and in the first place, of excessive Customs barriers

impediments to trade

tariff truce

reducing hindrances to

trade

1 1 1930 2 17 3 24

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restore the equilibrium so disturbed

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export bounties and subsidies

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typical products

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4

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on Goods

31

tariffs mobiles

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hindrances

1

32

any formalities, measures or regulations

apply in a more

burdensome manner

might constitute an obstacle to

5

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bounties

drawback

1

33

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1

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autonomous tariff

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1929

5

5

be scheduled in a multilateral Convention

36

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64 45 ILO 1800

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subsidies, direct and indirect

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6 1932 2 7

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48

in successive stages simultaneously

4

4

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the system of reduction to a uniform level

a uniform mechanical formula

10

10 4

50

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1929

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obligation to affix marks of origin veterinary

and phytopathological sphere

51

1927

1927

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1932 2 50 3

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marks of origin

62

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1883 1891

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63 6 24 M.E./C.E.271931 6 C.427.A.177.1931.II

64

C.633.M.252.1930.II.,No.7 1930 10

65 649 650

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infringe

nullifying or impairing

66 GATT 2367

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1931

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1935 165GATT

Brown[1955] 44 68 Agricultural Crisis 64 67

55

Federal Farm Board

1930

1931

4

5

56

1931

69

69 The International Agricultural Commission The International Dairy Federation

The International Sugar CouncilThe International Wine Office

57

90 61

3

8

10

12

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1931-33 15

Wheat

Advisory Committee

70

1933

GATT 1960

70 Marchildon[2010] [1981]

58

3

1935 2 15 371 International

Convention for the Campaign against Contagious Diseases of Animals

International Convention Concerning the Transit of Animals, Meat and

Other Products of Animal Origin

International Convention

concerning the Export and Import of Animal Products (other than Meat,

Meat Preparations, Fresh Animal Products, Milk and Milk Products)

3

72

10

1939

11

71

15 3 72 Official Instruments Approved by the Conference:

C.77.M.33.1935.II.B., C.78.M.34.1935.II.B., C.79.M.35.1935.II.B.

Draft Conventions on Veterinary Questions: doc. C.511.M.230.1934.II.B.

59

International Rules relating to Methods for the Inspection of Meat

Intended for the International Trade 73

10

74 3

4

5

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73 E./Viandes/1-16

74 American Suggestion by Mr. Cordell Hull to the President of the Economic Commission. 75 50

1930 336 1921

60

5 1929

15

1938

1937 4

1938 176

sanitary regulation

76 Van Zeeland [1938] [1986]308 312

61

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safeguarding Japan’s vital national interests in case of emergency

93

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building block

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Jackson[1969]238 250-251

403 440-441Irwin [2008]134 136 147 )

5161

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115

GATT

1963 67 1950116

115 [2013] 55 GATT

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[2008] i~ii 1 31

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87

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1960

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1968 7 10

As one writer has put it’GATT

1955 63Baldwin 1970 2

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Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

1934 117

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117 Baldwin[2006]1474 118 [1986]255 Irwin 1998 342 344 350

89

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119

120

121

119 [1941]9 11 120 [1951]742 121

[1969]507 508

90

122

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123

[1972]178 209 [1969]259 261

92

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93

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1934124

1933

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124 Walters[1952] 517 523

96

125

Journal”

125 Walters[1952]521 522

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International Convention for

the Lowering of Economic Barriers (The Ouchy Convention) 126

1

2

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3 50

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2

1

1

2

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98

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waive

127

League of Nations Archives

1. International Economic Conference 1927

Report and Proceedings of the Conference C.356.M.129.1927.II., Vol. I & II

(C.E.I. 46)

Journal of the International Economic Conference Nos. 1-18

1

1 1927 5 4 23

127 Viner, J. The Customs Union Issue [1961]30 32

99

3 18

2 21 114

3 Final Report 117 363

II 2

1 139 173

2. International Conferences for the

Abolition of Import and Export Prohibitions and Restrictions 1927-29

Abolition of Import and Export Prohibitions and Restrictions, Commentary

and preliminary Draft Agreement drawn up by the Economic Committee

of the league of Nations to serve as a Basis for an International

Diplomatic Conference: C.E.I. 22.

First Conference (1927, Geneva)

Records of the Conference: C.21.M.12.1928.II

Final Act of the Conference: C.559.M.201.1927.II

Second Conference (1928, Geneva)


Third Conference (1929, Paris)


1

1 367 421

2 2 425 453

3 17

4 12 457 475

I 2 2

2 174 211

3. International Conferences on Hides, Skins,

and Bones (1928-29)

First Conference (1928)

Records of the Conference: 198.M.66.1928.II

Official Instruments Adopted at the Conference: C.149.M.39.1928.II

Second Conference (1928)

100


Official Instruments Approved by the Conference: C.11.M.8.1929.II

(C.I.A.P./P.O. 15(2), C.12.M.9.1929.II

Third Conference (1929)



2 8

9 3 6 7

4. International Conferences with A View

to Concerted Economic Action (1930-31)

Draft Agreement for the International Conference for the Conclusion of

Tariff truce (C.519.M177.1929.II)

Preliminary Conference (1930)

Proceedings of the Conference: C.222.M.109.1930.II


Second Conference (1930-31)

First session

Proceedings of the Conference: C.149.M.48.1931.II.B


Second Session

Proceedings of the Conference: C.269.M.124.1931.II.B

Final Act of the Conference: C.212.M.88.1931.II.B

1

1 739 834

2 2 837 853

2 2

3 212 235

5. Monetary and Economic Conference ( 1933)

Draft Annotated Agenda of the Monetary and Economic Conference

101

Journal of the Monetary and Economic Conference: Nos. 1-39 and 1

Corrigendum

Reports Approved by the Conference and Resolutions Adopted by the Bureau

and the Executive Committee: C.435.M.220.1933.II. [Conf.M.E. 22(1)]

and 1 Addendum

2

1 1 113 178

2 2 181 227

3 231 311

4 315 583

2 1

2 1 530 547

2 2

1 150 179

2 180 228

3 229 298

1983

1972

197783

1938 1977 7 7 1927 7

1969

2007

1930 2012

1941

1951

1933 1991

5 97

2011

2012 3

102

Ch.D. 1929 1939 2009

Kindleberger, Ch.D. The World in Depression 1929 To

1939 (1986, University of California Press)

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1935

1934

The Monetary and Economic Conference (London,

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Outline of the Previous Activities of the Economic and Financial

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1925 1 1933 12

1933

14 1972

1937

2010

Ch.

Thorne, Ch. The Limits of Foreign Policy ---The West, the League and the

Far Eastern Crisis of 1931-1933 (1972, Hamish Hamilton)

1933

1933

WTO 2008

WTO 2013

2012

1933

2 1928

1937

1927 1 2013

8 18 1 2

1927 2 2014

2 18 6

GATT

103

SPS 2013 9

SPS

2013 2014 3

R E 1992 Hudec, R. E.

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1980

1970

1990

1932 1934

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31 3 1981

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