www.chinatribunal.com

MJE

Organ Transplantation

the apotheosis of

human generosity

Anti-rejectiontherapy

Consent• Of the donor• Of the donor’s family• Of the recipient

Opt In

The donor has voluntarily signed up

to a donor register whilst able to do so

Opt Out

Everyone is assumed to have given consent, unless they opt out by stating so in advance

The family can still override that consent (after death) by declining to donate the organs after death

Donation after Brain Death

Donation after Circulatory Death

Donation from a Live Donor

What is meant by brain death?

ComaApnoea

Lack of brain-stem reflexesNo sedative drugs

the irreversible loss of all functions of the brain, including the brainstem

A patient determined to be brain dead is legally and clinically dead

trade in organs

self non-self

Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)

Blood Tests Organ Assessment

infrastructure

• Database (donor:recipient)• Prioritisation• Logistics• Expertise• Teamwork• Separation of donor from recipient

teams

www.odt.nhs.uk/transplantation/tools-policies-and- guidance/policies-and-guidance

Organ Extraction

WarmIschaemic

Time

ColdIschaemic

Time

Removing organs under

ordersfrom live

(‘executed’) prisoners

Enver Tohti

audit trail

• 1978 - 1st Transplant (donor = executed prisoner)

• 1984 - Legislation to allow organ donation from

executed prisoners

• Transplant and execution statistics ‘state secret’

• 2010 - pilot voluntary organ donation system

• 2014 – becomes National policy

0300060009000

1200015000

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

https://duihua.org.wp/?page_id=9270Number of people executed in China per year (Dui Hua Foundation data)

120,000 transplants 1997 – 2009*

* Alison et al BMC Ethics 2015;16:85

130 voluntary

2000

Massive expansion of transplant infrastructureHospitalsStaff

2006

Interim regulationsBanning saleSetting standards

2011

Declared illegalOrgan trafficking

hospitals/transplant units

surgeons publications2016

60-90,000transplants per year

4080registered

donors

7224 kidney Tx3257 liver Tx

2016 (official) 10,000 transplants2016 (derived) >60,000 transplants

Waiting Times

GN

I think very few countries have any leverage at all when it comes to what happens

inside China and the Chinese Government is absolutely clear that this is not a

matter for outside countries’.

‘When we look at what happens to the Uighurs this is

obviously completely against our values we raise

these issues with the Chinese government when we

see them and we also understand that if we talk too

loudly and publicly about our Human Rights concerns

we will lose access to senior people in the Chinese

government and then we won’t be able to do any

good at all. …………………………

www.chinatribunal.comThe summary judgment of the China Tribunal and all evidence, written and oral, can be

watched and read on this website.We encourage you to do so.

Those who provided evidence often did so at their own risk

first transplant (executed prisoner, CCP official recipient)

evidence of use of organs from political prisoners

1st experiments

legislation to use corpses of executed prisoners

1960

1978

1984

1995

TRANSPLANTATION IN CHINA

1999oppression/incarceration of Falun Gong (millions)

2000transplantation expansion part of national strategy

2017>80 million people on security database