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Возможности нейтронного и синхротронного излучения для

исследования структуры липидных мембран

М.А. Киселев

Лаборатория нейтронной физикиОбъединенный институт ядерных исследований, Дубна

E-mail: kiselev@nf.jinr.ru

Совещание«Современные ядерно-физические методы исследования в физике конденсированных сред», Минск, БГУ, 22-23 апреля, 2013

Phospholipids and ceramides

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Phospholipids – major component of cell membranes.Ceramides – major components of stratum corneum lipid matrix.

Phospholipids and ceramides – important materials for drug and cosmetic industry.

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Objects and methods

Unilamellar vesicles

Multilamelar vesicles (Liposomes)

Oriented multilamellar planar systemon quartz substrate

Neutron small-angle scattering

Small-angle and wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction at synchrotron source

Neutron diffraction

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Modern methods for the characterization of the lipid nanosystems :

• Method of lamellar and lateral synchrotron X-ray diffraction

in real time

• Method of neutron diffraction for study of model stratum

corneum membranes

• Method of separated form factors for characterization of

vesicular nanodrugs

• Method of contrast variation of X-ray scattering by

disaccharides.

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Real-time X-ray diffraction at cooling DPPC/water system at synchrotron.

Ice crystalFree waterDiffusion

Cooling with the rate of 1oC/min, acquisition - 1min/spectrum

d=5.9Å

c' LL crystallization

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Low-temperature phase transition in DPPC/DMSO/water system at Xdmso=0.05. Synchrotron.

Ice

New phase

Cooling with the rate of 1oC/min, acquisition - 1min/spectrum

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Drug penetration pathways across the skin.

Down hair follicle

Across SC Down sweat gland Intercellular route

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Fourier profiles at RH=60%, T=32oC

-20 -10 0 10 20-15 -5 5 15 25-25

x, Å

- 1

0

1

2

3

sx)

, a.u

.

CH3 groupsCH2 chains

polar head groups

cholesterol

-20 0 20-10 10 30-30

x , Å

- 2

- 1

0

1

2

3

sx

), a

.u.

polar head

C H 2 chainsC H 3 groups

Repeat distance 45.63±0.04Å

Repeat distance 54.750.03 ÅMembrane thickness 45.80.1 ÅIntermembrane space 9.00.1 Å

Model SC membranes

DMPC

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Nanostructure of fully hydrated model SC membrane

ceramide 6/cholesterol/palmitic acid/cholesterol sulfate =55/25/15/5

M. A. Kiselev, N. Yu. Ryabova, A. M. Balagurov, S. Dante, T. Hauss, J. Zbytovska, S. Wartewig, R. H. H. Neubert. New insights into structure and hydration of stratum corneum lipid model membrane by neutron diffraction. European Biophysics J. 34 (2005) 1030–1040.

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Hyposesis of super-strong intermembrane interaction created by ceramide 6 in fully

extended conformatiion (armature reinforcement).

Fully extended conformation of ceramide

Hair-pin conformation of ceramide

Bricks and mortar model of SC

M.A. Kiselev. Conformation of ceramide 6 molecules and chain–flip transitions in the lipid matrix of the outermost layer of mammalian skin, the stratum corneum. Crystallography Reports, 2007, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 525–528

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Real- time neutron diffraction at DN-2, IBR-2.

Time-of-flight.

DPPC membrane hydration-dehydration in real time at T=20oC

Hydration 480min

Dehydration 360min

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Nanostructure alteration during hydration-dehydration as result of fourier-synthesis in real-time. T=20oC.

Water layer dw

Membrane thickness dB

Repeatdistance d

Thickness of the hydrocarbon chains region dc

d

dB

dc

Н.Ю. Рябова, М.А. Киселев, А.И. Бескровный, А.М. Балагуров. Исследование структуры многослойных липидных мембран методом дифракции нейтронов в реальном времени. Физика твердого тела, 52 № 5 (2010) 984-991.

Chamber with excess of water

• New possibilities to study the influence of the skin penetration enhancer via neutron diffraction at IBR-2 reactor.

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0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,250

1

2

3

4

5

6

Inte

nsity

, a.u

.

q, Å-1

black t=0 min dryred t=9 min in DMSOblue t=18 min two phasemagenta t=27 min one phase

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Unilamellar vesicles from phospholipid molecules

Neutron small-angle scattering in D

2O

X-ray small-angle scattering in sucrose solutions

From point of physics it is nanospheres with liquid crystal surface

R=250Ån2 ·1014 vesicles/cm3 for 1% DMPC

(w/w)6500 DMPC molecules in one layer for

30oC

M.A. Kiselev, P. Lesieur, A.M. Kisselev, D. Lombardo, M. Killany, S. Lesieur. Sucrose solutions as prospective medium to study the vesicle structure: SAXS and SANS study. J. Alloys and Compounds 328 (2001) 71-76.

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SANS pattern at 30 °C of unilamellar DMPC vesicles prepared by extrusion through 500 Å pores at DMPC

concentration of 1% (w/w).

0 .0 1 0 0 .1 0 00 .0 2 0 0 .0 5 0 0 .2 0 00 .0 0 90 .0 0 4

q , Å -1

1 E -0 0 4

1 E -0 0 3

1 E -0 0 2

1 E -0 0 1

1 E + 0 0 0

1 E + 0 0 1

1 E + 0 0 2

1 E + 0 0 3d

/d,

cm

-1

qR

qm

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SAXS patterns at 10 °C (circles) and 30 °C (open circles) of unilamellar DMPC vesicles in 40% aqueous trehalose

solution, DMPC concentration 3%(w/w)

0 .1 0 0 0 .2 0 0 0 .3 0 0 0 .4 0 0

q , Å -1

1 E -0 0 1

1 E + 0 0 0

1 E + 0 0 1

1 E + 0 0 2

1 E + 0 0 3

1 E + 0 0 4

1 E + 0 0 5

Inte

nsit

y, a

.u.

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Method of Separated Form Factors (SFF)

IBqSqAnqd

d

mon

)()()( 2

IBqSdqFRqFnqd

dbs

mon

)(),(),()(

F q RR

qRSin qRs ( , ) ( )

4

2 2

.

2

2

2),(

qdSin

qdqFb

For the case of (x)=Const

c(x)=(x) D2O is contrast, the difference between scattering length densities of the bilayer (x) and the heavy water D2O.

dxqxxxqRqR

R

dxqxxqRqR

RqA

d

d c

d

d cves

)sin()()cos(4

)cos()()sin(4)(

2/

2/

2/

2/

2

22/

2/

)()(),(

d

cb

d

dxqxCosxdqF

M.A. Kiselev, P. Lesieur, A.M. Kisselev, D. Lombardo, V.L. Aksenov. Model of separated form factors for unilamellar vesicles. J. Applied Physics A 74 (2002) S1654-S1656

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0,01 0,1

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000 1000Å

500Å

d/d,

cm

-1

q, Å-1

Model DF, Å <R>, Å , % d, Å D, Å Nw A, Å2 IB, cm-1

SFF 500 275.6±0.5 27 47.8±0.2 20.5±0.3 11.90.3 61.00.4

0.007

Full 500 275.7±0.4 27 47.8±0.2 20.5±0.3 11.90.3 61.00.4

0.007

SFF 1000 500* 48 45.5±0.6 20.8±0.4 10.8±0.4 62.6±1.0 0.007

Results for liquid phase at 30oC, HH approximation of (x)

Multilamellar (small curved) vesicles

d = 44.2 ÅA=59.6 Å2

J.Nagle, S. Tristram-Nagle. Structure of lipid bilayers. BBA 1469 (2000) 159-195

М.А. Kiselev, E.V. Zemlyanaya, V.K. Aswal, R.H.H. Neubert. What can we learn about the lipid vesicle structure from the small angle neutron scattering experiment? European Biophysics J. 35 (2006) 477-493.

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Practical applications

Nanoparticles based on the phospholipids

Phosphogliv – 20-50 нм

? ??

80% products in the bionanotechnology are

drug delivery systems !!!

Turnover - 6 billion USD/year

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Phospholipid transport nanosystems (FTNS)

0,01 0,1 1

0,1

1

10

100

1000

10000

1/q2

25% PTNS in waterInte

nsi

ty, a

.u.

Q, Å-1

DMPC vesicles

SAXS patterns. DMPC vesicles in 40% sucrose buffer – red line (LURE, France). 25% solution of FTNS in water – blue line (DIKSI, Sibirea-2, Moscow). Black line - 1/q2 law.

water75%

phospholipid5%

maltose20%

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Conclusions.Possibilities to study in future:

• Drug diffusion through model SC membranes.

• Nanostructure of the magnetovesicles.

• Elastic properties of the transdermal drug delivery vesicles and magnetovesicles.

• Effectiveness of the cryoprotectors applied for bacteria storage.

• А.М. Balagurov JINR Russua• V.L. Aksenov JINR Russia• E.V. Zemlyanaya JINR Russia• E.V. Ermakova JINR Russia • N.Y. Ryabova JINR Russia• A.Y. Gruzinov KI Russia• A.B. Zabelin KI Russia• O. M. Ipatova IBMC Russia

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Participants from Russia

Foreign participants

• P. Lesieur LURE, France• M. Ollivon University Paris-sud, France• R. Neubert MLU Germany• J. Zbytovska MLU Germany• D. Kessner MLU Germany• A. Schroter MLU Germany• M. Janich MLU Germany• T. Gutberlet HMI Germany• Th. Hauss GCB Germany• S. Dante GCB Germany• V.K. Aswal PSI Switzerland

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Thank you for the attention

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