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Nervous System D. Mohammad Gholami تهیه کننده: university of medical sciences Iran. سیستم عصبی. مروری بر آناتومی و فیزیولوژی. سیستم عصبی شامل : سیستم عصبی مرکزی ( CNS ) مغز (BRAIN ) نخاع سیستم عصبی محیطی ( PNS ) اعصاب مخچه ای و نخاعی. عملکرد سیستم عصبی. کنترل کلیه فعالیتهای: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nervous System
D. Mohammad Gholami :
university of medical sciences Iran
: ( CNS)(BRAIN ) ( PNS )
:
: 10 ( )500000 ( ) 20 ( ) NEURON
( ) ( CNS) 2 1400- 1200 : : ( - ) ( )(CEREBELLUM )
SKULL
(FRONTAL) : (PARIETAL) : (TEMPORAL) : ( ) (OCCIPITAL) :
:thalamus ( ) :hypothalamus
pituitary gland 0.5 1.5 . . : .
. .
brain stem : 34 5 8
9 12
cerebellum
(Meninges) : Pia mater Arachnoid space Dura mater c.s.f . 80 150 . CSF 007/1 (Monro)
(A . Villosity )) : -
15 (750) ( )
Arterials brain (basilar Artery ) --- --- (vertebral . A)---- --- ---- ---- --- ---
:
) CVA ) ( )
. . (B.B.B)
spinal cord 45 (foramen magnum)
31 . .
(with mater) (gray mater) .( ) . . ( )
H . . . . . .
. . .
1) . . 2) . . . .
3) . . .
.. .
H
6 8 .
7 12 5 5 70 60 4/1
() ( ) :
: 5 . . .
. (Pedicle) . (Laminae) 4 (2 2 ) .
: ( ) 1) : 12 : ( 1-2-8 ) (3-4-6-11-12 ) ( ) 5 -7-9 -10
8 12 5 5 1 . . Cauda equine .
( )
() = ( ) // // // ( ) : craniosacral ( ) ) thoracolumbar ) : - ( CNS ) CNS
: (IQ ) (agnosia : ) ) : ( )( =5 =4 =3 = 2 =1 = 0 ) ( ataxia Romberg test - )
. ( ) : ( ) : ( ) - 4-0 : 4 clonus ) ) 3 2 1 0 : ( babinski)
: ( ) : :CT LP ( ) MRI ( )
MRI: ( ) ( IUD...) ( PET ) ( ) : . ( )
(SPECT ) ( CVA )
: X : ......... : - EEG LP( ) : MM/H2O 70-200 : : ( 2 20 3-2 6 )
ICP intracranial pressure : ... : icp . 5-3
( ICP ) ( ) paco2 icp :
icp auto regulation ---( ) : ( )
icp ( LOC ) ( )
( confused ) ( obtunded ) ( ( stupous ( comatose ): ( ) 62
( ct ) ( MRI ) ( PET ) LP anoxia ( ) (ADH ) : .
icp icp : ( ) ( )
() : ( ) . ( IO ) ( ) () : INOTROPIC ( ) CPP ( 80MM/HG )CPP ( ICP . 70-100MM/HG
() CSF CSF ICP CPP . HYPERVENTILATION ( ) Paco2 30-35 mm/hg () : : icp ( ) .
( ) train of four ( ) : 0/5 ( ) :
icp GCS ( VALSALVA MANEUVER ) O2
( ( icp : IO 200ML/HR ( ( icp : : : LOC : ( 2-3-4-6 ) TI ACVA