File: ch01, Chapter 1: Projects in Contemporary OrganizationsFile: ch04, Chapter 4: Project OrganizationMultiple Choice1. Identify the statement that is not a major advantage of placing a project within a functional element of the parent organization.a) The flexible use of staff increasesb) Expertise is easily shared across multiple projectsc) The functional division tends to be oriented towards activities particular to its functiond) The functional division serves as a base of technological continuityAns: cResponse: Refer to section 4.1.Level: easy2. Identify the statement that is not a major disadvantage of placing a project within a functional element of the parent organization.a) There is a tendency to suboptimize the projectb) The client is not the primary focus of activity in the functionc) The motivation of people assigned to the project tends to be weakd) The functional division contains the normal path of advancement for individuals whose expertise is in the functional areaAns: dResponse: Refer to section 4.1.Level: easy3. Identify the statement that is not a major advantage of placing a project within the pure project organization.a) The functional manager retains full line authority over project team membersb) The lines of communication are shortenedc) Centralized authority tends to increase the speed of decision-makingd) A holistic approach to performing the project is supportedAns: aResponse: Refer to section 4.2Level: easy4. Identify the statement that is not a major disadvantage of placing a project within the pure project organization.a) The project manager has full line authority over the projectb) Projects duplicate effort because resources are not shared across projectsc) Projects attempt to stockpile resourcesd) Policies and procedures of the organization are inconsistently used and enforcedAns: aResponse: Refer to section 4.2.Level: easy5. If the project manager controls when and what people do while the functional managers control who will be assigned to the project and what technology will be used, the ________ organizational form is probably being used.a) Projectizedb) Pure projectc) Matrixd) Weak projectAns: cResponse: Refer to section 4.3. The sharing of control is indicative of a matrix organizational structure.Level: advanced6. In the systems approach to design, one organization would have to take responsibility for ________.a) Manufacturing everything in the systemb) The integrity of the project designc) The integrity of the subcontractorsd) Product warrantiesAns: bResponse: Refer to section 4.3.Level: intermediate7. Identify the statement that is not a major advantage of placing a project in the matrix approach.a) A single individual, the project manager, takes responsibility for managing the projectb) The project will have access to representatives from the administrative units of the parent firmc) The division of authority between the project manager and the functional managers is complexd) There is less anxiety among team members about what will happen to them when the project is completedAns: cResponse: Refer to section 4.3Level: easy8. Identify the statement that is not a major disadvantage of placing the project in the matrix approach.a) The balance of power between stakeholders is delicateb) Balancing the demands of competing projects using shared resource pools is complicatedc) The principle of unity of command is violatedd) The project manager takes responsibility for managing the projectAns: dResponse: Refer to section 4.3Level: easy9. When a project requires the integration of inputs from several functional areas and involves reasonably sophisticated technology, but does not require all the technical specialists to work for the project on a full-time basis, the ________ organizational form should be used.a) Functionalb) Matrixc) Pure projectd) MixedAns: bResponse: Refer to section 4.5Level: easy10. The process of dealing with uncertainties in projects has come to be known as ________.a) Scope managementb) Risk managementc) Quality managementd) Procurement managementAns: bResponse: Refer to section 4.6.Level: easy11. The project management office is often created by organizations to ________.a) Establish consistent project management standards and methodsb) Respond to the Y2K problemc) Train process managersd) Administer application softwareAns: aResponse: Refer to section 4.6, project management officeLevel: easy12. A major purpose of the project management office should be to serve asa) Clerical supportb) Disaster recovery supportc) The critical link between strategic management and project management in the organizationd) Maintain the project management libraryAns: cResponse: Refer to section 4.6, purposes of the project management officeLevel: intermediate13. This member of the project team is in charge of product design and development and is responsible for functional analysis, specifications, drawings, cost estimates, quality/reliability, engineering changes, and documentation.a) Project engineerb) Manufacturing engineerc) Project controllerd) Support services managerAns: aResponse: Refer to section 4.7Level: intermediate14. This member of the project team is responsible for the efficient production of the product of the process, including the manufacturing engineering, design and production of tooling, production scheduling, and other production tasks.a) Project engineerb) Manufacturing engineerc) Contract administratord) Support services managerAns: bResponse: Refer to section 4.7.Level: intermediate15. This behavior in a project manager would be highly correlated with unsuccessful project management.a) Conflict avoidanceb) Interdisciplinary problem solvingc) Win -win negotiation techniquesd) Risk mitigationAns: aResponse: Refer to section 4.6.Level: easyShort Answer16. The underlying principle of modern organizations is ________ of the human elements in the group.Ans: specializationResponse: Refer to chapter 4, introduction.Level: intermediate17. The ________ organizational form is a pure project organization overlaid on the functional divisions of the parent firm.Ans: matrixResponse: Refer to section 4.3.Level: easy18. The ________ matrix is most similar to the pure project organizational form.Ans: strongResponse: Refer to section 4.3.Level: easy19. The ________ matrix is least similar to the pure project organizational form.Ans: weakResponse: Refer to section 4.3.Level: easy20. The ________ approach to design would require that the engine, airframe, and weapons systems of an airplane be designed as a unit. The attempt is to optimize the composite system rather than the parts.Ans: systemsResponse: Refer to section 4.3.Level: intermediate21. ________ is a means of dividing a large and monolithic organization into smaller, more flexible units. When this is done, the parent organization is seeking to capture some of the advantages of small, specialized organizational units while retaining some of the advantages that come with larger size.Ans: divisionalizationResponse: Refer to section 4.4.Level: intermediate22. In the ________ form of organizational structure, pure functional and pure project organizations may coexist in the firm.Ans: mixedResponse: Refer to section 4.4Level: easy23. When the major focus of a project must be on the in-depth application of a technology rather than on minimizing cost, meeting a specific schedule or achieving speedy response to change, the ________ organizational form is apt to be the form of choice.Ans: functionalResponse: Refer to section 4.5Level: intermediate24. When a firm engages in a large number of similar projects, the ________ organizational form is apt to be preferred.Ans: pure projectResponse: Refer to section 4.5Level: intermediate25. The ________ method of participative management allowed the worker to take responsibility for the design and performance of a task under controlled conditions.Ans: MBO (management by objectives)Response: Refer to section 4.8.Level: easy26. According to Dawson, a group of individuals working independently is a ________.Ans: name only team (NOT)Response: Refer to section 4.8Level: advanced27. The ________ is a detailed plan of what needs to be done and when.Ans: action planResponse: Refer to the glossary.Level: intermediate28. ________ engineering refers to the use of a design team that includes design and manufacturing engineers as well as staff from other relevant areas of the business.Ans: concurrentResponse: Refer to the glossary.Level: easy29. The ________ manager is typically responsible for a number of related projects, each with its own project manager.Ans: programResponse: Refer to the glossary.Level: easy30. ________ is defined as inappropriately intense loyalty to the project.Ans: projectitisResponse: Refer to the glossary.Level: easy31. ________ is the term that describes the optimization of a sub-element of a system, perhaps to the detriment of the overall system.Ans: suboptimizationResponse: Refer to the glossary.Level: easy32. A room where project teams can meet, and where the latest details on project progress will be available, is called the ________.Ans: project war roomResponse: Refer to the glossary.Level: easy33. The ________ describes how the scope of the project will be accomplished.Ans: WBS (work breakdown structure)Response: Refer to the glossary.Level: easyEssay34. Identify the major reasons for the rapid growth of project-oriented organizations.Ans: First, speed and market responsiveness have become requirements of successful competition. Moreover, clients want increased customization of project outputs. Second, the development of new products, processes, and services has become increasingly complex. This requires interdisciplinary collaboration and coordination. Third, rapid expansion of technological possibilities tends to destabilize organizational structures. And finally, business managers are seeking to gain greater control over the operations of the business.Response: Refer to chapter 4, introduction.Level: easy35. Identify three major advantages and disadvantages of using functional elements of the parent organization as the administrative home for a project. Assume that the structure is appropriate for the project being undertaken.Ans: The advantages would include: the flexible use of staff in a manner that maximizes utilization of staff, the sharing of expertise among multiple projects, and the provision of a stable base for technological continuity for the organization. The disadvantages would include: the client is not the primary focus of activity within the function, lines of cross-functional communication may be unclear, and responsiveness to client needs may be slow and arduous.Response: Refer to section 4.1. Any advantage or disadvantage listed in the textbook is an appropriate answer to this question.Level: easy36. Identify three major advantages and disadvantages of using the pure project organization as the administrative home for project. Assume that the structure is appropriate for the project being undertaken.Ans: The advantages would include: the project manager has full line authority over the project, the structure tends to support a holistic approach to running the project, and the ability to make swift decisions is greatly enhanced. The disadvantages would include: the duplication of resources which are not shared between projects, the inconsistent adherence to corporate policies and procedures, and the potential to develop projectitis in a manner that distorts relationships between project team members and their counterparts in the parent organization.Response: Refer to section 4.2. Any advantage or disadvantage listed in the textbook is an appropriate answer to this question.Level: easy37. Briefly described the six processes for risk management identified in the PMBOK Guidelines.Ans: Risk management planning is focused on how to approach and plan the risk management activities for a project. In risk identification, the risks that can affect the project for better or for worse are identified. In qualitative risk analysis, nonnumerical priorities are established for the risk events identified previously. In quantitative risk analysis, probability and impact are converted into expected monetary value. In risk response planning, contingency plans are established to capture opportunities and respond to threats. In risk monitoring and control, warning signs and triggers are used to determine when corrective actions are required to bring the project back on track.Response: Refer to section 4.6, organizing for risk management.Level: easy38. Discuss the advantages of empowering the project team.Ans: By empowering a project team, team members are enabled to manipulate tasks so that project objectives are met. Team members are encouraged to find better ways to do things. A participative style of management avoids micromanaging professionals and enables them to achieve goals using appropriate methods of their choosing. Team members begin to understand that they are responsible and accountable for achieving the projects deliverables. There is a good chance that synergistic solutions will result from team collaboration. The project manager will serve as a tool for evaluating a team's performance and will be positioned to provide timely feedback to keep the team on track.Response: Refer to section 4.8Level: easy