ว 30131 เคมีพื้นฐาน พันธะเคมี

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การเร�ยกชื่��อและการเขี�ยนสู�ตรสูารประกอบ ไอออน�ก(Nomenclature)

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ว นท�� ว นท�� 28 28 สู�งหิาคมี สู�งหิาคมี 25522552

04/20/23การเร�ยกชื่��อเขี�ยนสู�ตร สูารประกอบไอออน�ก อ.ศราว!ทธ

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cations - name of atom + “ion”

การเร�ยกชื่��อไอออน

Li+H+ Hydrogen ion

Lithium ion

Sodium ionPotassium ion

Ion

K+

Na+

Mg2+ Magnesium ion

Calcium ion

Strontium ionBarium ion

Ca2+

Sr2+

Ba2+

Al3+ Aluminum ion

Name Ion Name Ion Name

Group 1A Group 2A Group 3A

04/20/23การเร�ยกชื่��อเขี�ยนสู�ตร สูารประกอบไอออน�ก อ.ศราว!ทธ

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anions - end with “-ide”

O2- - oxide; S2- - sulfide; F- - fluorideCl- - chloride; Br- - bromide; I- - iodide

see Table 3.1 p.58

การเร�ยกชื่��อไอออน

- calcium hydroxide - copper(II) sulfate

- ammonium nitrate - cobalt(III) carbonate

Ca(OH)2

CuSO4

NH4NO3

Co2(CO3)3

Compounds containing polyatomic ions

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การเร�ยกชื่��อเขี�ยนสู�ตร สูารประกอบไอออน�ก อ.ศราว!ทธ

Is it possible for a compound to have both ionic and covalent bonds?

Mg(NO3)2

ionic

covalent

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Names vs. Formulas

Chemical Name - indicates what atoms are present in the compound

Chemical Formula - short hand way of writing the name of the compound that indicates how many atoms of each element are present in the compound.

MgCl21 Magnesium

atom 2 Chlorine atoms

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ชื่น�ดขีอง Ionic Compounds

Binary Ionic Compounds– Metal + nonmetal

Ternary Ionic Compounds– Metal + polyatomic ion

Binary Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals– Transition metal + nonmetal

Ternary Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals– Transition Metal + polyatomic ion

Ternary Ionic Compounds with 2 Polyatomic Ions

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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

Name the metal ion.Name the nonmetal ion.Ex: NaCl

– Metal ion = sodium– Nonmetal ion = chloride

You try:

– LiCl– MgO

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Writing formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds

Determine the oxidation number (charge) for each ion

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+1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0

04/20/23 10การเร�ยกชื่��อเขี�ยนสู�ตร สูารประกอบไอออน�ก อ.ศราว!ทธ

Determining Oxidation Numbers

Alkali Metals (group IA) --> +1Alkaline Earth Metals (group IIA) --> +2Transition Metals --> มี�หลายค่�า

B group - exceptionsC group - exceptionsN group --> -3O group --> -2Halogens --> -1Noble Gases --> 0

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Determine oxidation number.

– Ex: magnesium chloride• Mg --> +2• Cl --> -1

ค่ณไขว้� - oxidation number ของโลหะ กั�บอโลหะ

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Mg+2 Cl-1

Only the number crosses, not the + or -Don’t write a 1MgCl2

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Practice!

Name the following:

– CaCl2– KF

– Li2OWrite formulas for the following:

– Magnesium bromide– Calcium sulfide– Potassium chloride

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Answers

Calcium chloridePotassium fluorideLithium oxideMgBr2

CaSKCl

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Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds

Name the metalName the polyatomic ionEx: Na2SO4

– Metal --> sodium– Polyatomic ion --> sulfate– Name --> sodium sulfate

Ex :LiNO3

Mg3(PO4)2

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Writing formulas for Ternary Ionic Compounds

Determine the oxidation number of the metal.Write the formula for the polyatomic ion.Cross over.Ex: lithium phosphite

– Li+1 (PO3)-3

– Li3PO3

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Practice!

Write the formula for the following:

1. Sodium nitrate2. Magnesium sulfate3. Potassium perchlorate

Name the following:

1. KNO2

2. CaSO4

3. LiNO3

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Answers

NaNO3

MgSO4

KClO4

Potassium nitriteCalcium sulfateLithium nitrate

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Determining Oxidation States from Compounds

Oxidation state = chargeCompounds are neutral, so the + charges

have to equal the – chargesEx: CuSS (group 16) -2No subscripts, so we know the charges

cancelled each other outSo, Cu +2

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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

Identify the transition metal in the formula.

Determine the oxidation number of the transition metal.

Name the transition metal.Use a roman numeral to note the oxidation

number of the transition metal.Name the nonmetal ion.

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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

Ex: FeCl2What is the transition metal? FeWhat is the ox. Number of the t.metal? +2What is the nonmetal ion? ClName:

– Iron (II) chloride

You try:– CuCl

– Cr2O3

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Writing formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

The roman numeral in the compound name gives the oxidation number of the metal ion.

Ex: Iron (III) fluoride

Metal --> FeMetal ox. Number --> +3Nonmetal --> F-1Formula --> FeF3

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Practice!

Name the following:

1. CrCl32. CuF2

3. CuFWrite the formula for the following:

1. Iron (II) sulfide2. Iron (III) sulfide3. Copper (II) oxide

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Answers

Chromium (III) chlorideCopper (II) fluorideCopper (I) fluorideFeSFe2S3

CuO

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Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

Determine oxidation number of transition metal.

Determine name of polyatomic ion.Name transition metal ion.Roman Numeral indicates the charge on

the transition metalName the polyatomic ion.

Ex: Cu(NO3)2 is named Copper (II) nitrate

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Writing formulas for Ternary Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

Determine oxidation number of transition metal.

Write formula for polyatomic ion.Cross over.Ex: chromium (II) phosphate

–Cr+2 (PO4)-3

–Cr3(PO4)2

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Practice!

Name the following:

1. CuSO4

2. FePO4

3. Cr(NO3)3

Write the formula for the following:

1. Iron (II) nitrate2. Copper (I) nitrate3. Copper (II) perchlorate

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Answers

Copper (II) sulfateIron (III) phosphateChromium (III) nitrateFe(NO3)2

CuNO3

Cu(ClO4)2

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Another way…

Memorize the Latin names for the transition metal ions.

Ex: Fe+3 = FerricEx: Fe+2 = Ferrous

Ex: FeCl3 is named 2 ways:

– Iron (III) chloride– Ferric chloride

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Ternary Ionic Compounds with 2 Polyatomic Ions

The polyatomic cation has to be NH4+1!

Name ammonium.Name polyatomic anion.

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Naming Acids

Acids always have hydrogen at the front of the formula

Ex: HCl, HBr, HClO4, H2SO4

To Name Binary Acids (H + element)– Hydro _____ ic Acid

To Name Ternary Acids (H + polyatomic ion)– Name the polyatomic ion

• If the polyatomic ion ends in -ate, the acid will end in -ic acid

• If the polyatomic ion ends in -ite, the acid will end in -ous acid

• If the polyatomic ion ends in -ide, the acid will be named hydro _____ ic acid

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Examples

HCl - hydrochloric acid

HBr - hydrobromic acid

HF - hydrofluoric acid

HNO3 - nitric acid (nitrate --> nitric)

HNO2 - nitrous acid (nitrite -->nitrous)

HCN – hydrocyanic

acid

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Writing Formulas for Acids

Hydrogen always has +1 ox. NumberCross over charge of polyatomic ion.

Ex: H+1 (SO4)-2

H2SO4

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Naming Bases

Bases always have hydroxide (OH-1) as the anionKOH - potassium hydroxideCa(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide

Fe(OH)2 - iron (II) hydroxide

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Writing formulas for Bases

Determine the oxidation number for the cation.Cross over the oxidation number of the cation to

the hydroxide.

Mg+2 (OH)-1

Mg(OH)2

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แหิล)งอ*างอ�ง• Martin S. Silberberg, Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter

and Change, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2004

• Raymond Chang, Chemistry, Williams College, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002

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ว 30131 เคมีพื้นฐาน พันธะเคมี