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CHAPTER 2SECTION 3
THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE
CALL TO ARMS 230,000 plus
served in the continental army
145,000 served in local militias
Few had military experience
REDCOAT
Referred to soldiers of the British Army because
of the red uniforms formerly worn by the majority of regiments
Militiaman
Men who fought for the United States in the
Revolutionary War served in units controlled by their state (part-time militia or regular state troops) or in
the Continental Army
GUERRILLA WARFARE• Guerrilla tactics were
first used at the Battles of Lexington and Concord
• George Washington sometimes used some sort of unconventional methods to fight the British
• Was one of the factors that helped the Americans gain independence
BATTLES OF THE NORTH
VALLEY FORGE December 1777 Shortages of food
and clothing 1/5 died of disease
and malnutrition Friedrich von
Steuben arrived; trained the army
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtb9W3mPVtE
TRENTON Christmas night
1776 Washington crossed
the Delaware River with 2,400 troops
Captured 1,400 Hessians in less than an hour
Five casualties
PRINCETON January 2nd Left fires burning Next morning attacked Cornwallis Continental Army drove them back Battle led to increased support and
moral
WASHINGTON CORNWALLIS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF-Y7s_YIAU
HOW MIGHT THE TIMING OF THE AMERICAN
ATTACK ON TRENTON HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO
ITS SUCCESS
VICTORY AT SARATOGA General John Burgoyne (British) General Horatio Gates (Colonist) Led 8,000 British soldiers to cut off New
England colonies Plan was for three British armies to
converge at Albany, New York October 17, 1777 Burgoyne surrounded
and outnumbered surrendered near Saratoga
JOHN BURGOYNE
HORATIO GATES
HELP February 6, 1778 United States and
France signed treaty of alliance Supplies, loans, troops, and navy Spain joined France a year later
WAR IN THE WEST George Rogers
Clark 1778 175 soldiers Persuaded some
Native Americans to remain neutral
Battle of Vincennes 1779
WAR AT SEA Used fewer than 100
ships Started the war with 8
ships Attacked single ships,
supply ports, and merchant ships
British navy lost nearly 200 ships
John Paul Jones: asked to surrender, responded with, “I have not yet begun to fight”
WAR IN THE SOUTH British defeated
patriots at Charleston, South Carolina May 12, 1780
British capture 5,000 August 1780, patriot
forces lost at Camden, South Carolina
British captured 3,300 out of 4,000
Lost Southern Army Francis Marion (swamp
fox) used guerrilla warfare
YORKTOWN 1781 16,000 French and
colonial forces moved to surround Cornwallis
French navy closed off Chesapeake Bay and kept the British navy from supporting Cornwallis
Cornwallis surrendered after several weeks
October 20, 1781 British troops left in defeat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_2K7DBrkaM
THE TREATY OF PARIS
Negotiated for the United States by Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Laurens on February 3, 1783 after Cornwallis’s surrender at Yorktown.
THE TREATY OF PARIS The most important thing the treaty
did was to recognize the independence of the United States of America.
It also marked the boundaries of the new nation.
The United States now possessed everything from the Atlantic west to the Mississippi River.
The Northern border was set at the Great Lakes and along Quebec and Nova Scotia.
A NEW UNITED STATES
VICTORY The victory left America with a foreign
debt. $11,710,379 (Foreign)$65 Million (domestic)
CREATE A VENN DIAGRAM DESCRIBING THE
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE BRITISH AND COLONIST’S MILITARIES