]R]E]P]EL]ITA V]IINDONESIA'S SIXTTI FTI/E - YEAR DEVEI,OPMEhIT PI-AI{

(rsr4lt s-'s{m/g{))

A SUMMARY

DEPARTMENT OF INFORI\4ATIONREPUBLIC OFINDONESIA

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10

m.

15

19

CONTEI\TS

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ACHIEVEMENTS, OF THE FIRST LONG:TERM'DEVELOPMENT PLAN

THE SECOND LONGTTERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN.-'

A. CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPMENT.

B. THE GENERAL AIM OF THE DEVELOPMENTP L A N . . . . . j . . . . . :

THE SIXTH FIVE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN.......

A. THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE AND PRIORITYOF REPELITA VI .. ......

B. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVESAND POLICIES ....

1. Economic Sectors..... ..*..Industry

= Agriculture.- Water Resources ....

T - : - - I - . - ; t r , , ? - - r - 1 - t : - - - -- Food and Nuffition- Manpower .

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25

252529313233

l l l

- Trade. . . . : . . 34- Transportation- Mining 38- Foresffy ..;... . 39- National Enterprises. .- Tourism- Post and Telecommunications.'..-r......j. 42

- Regional Development 44- Marine . . . : . . 45- Aerospace.. . - i- 46- Finance .... 47- Transmigration- Energy. . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . 49- Environment......

2. General Public Welfare, Education and Culnrre ... . 52- Social Welfare- Education .- Culture- Health- Population.- Family Welfare 61- Children and Adolescents ..- Youth.- The Role of Women ....- Housing and Human Settlements 64- Sports

3. Religion and Faith in Almighty God 66

4. Science and Technology .. :..... 66

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5. Law . .67

6. Politics, Government Apparatus, Information,Communications and the IVIass Media......... ... ....- Domestic Affairs...- Foreign Relations ;...

fire Government Apparatus....Information, Communications andthe Mass Media

. Information System and Statistics ... . d. ... ...

7. Defense and Serurity..

C. CROSS.SECTORAL DE\reLOPMENT .. JErOrrOr

- Human Resor.rrce Development

- Equiable Development and Poverty Alleviation.....

- Spatial Planning and l-and Management ..

D. DETYELOPMENT FINAI{CING ......' i

1 . Investment Requirement$. . ..,...

2. Sourcgs of Investmgnt Funds ... ... ... ... .,. ... ... ... .,

3. Macroeconomic Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. r,. . . . . .. . .. . ., . .-Pub l i cF i r r ance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . .

6863--6869

707 l

72

73

73

74

77

79

80

8 l

82

8J85

v

- Monetary Pol icy . . . o. . . . . . . . . - . . . . q. .- Balance of Payments .. i... -...

4. Allocation of Development Funds\,

E. THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENTIMPLEMENTATION AND SUPERVISION

V. CONCLUSION

ANNEX

8990

93

95

98

vl

Thble 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Thble 5

Thble 6

Table 7

Thble 8

Table 9

Table 10

STATISTICAL ANNEX

LIST OF TABLES

Basic Data and Main Thrgets in PJP II...

Basic Data and Main Tiargets of Repelita VI,

r994t95-1998199

Gross Regional Domestic Product Growth Rates,

1994195-1998199.

Population Projection, 1993-1998 ....

Population Distribution, Growthand Density by Province, 1993 and 1998

Population Projection by Urban and Rural,

1993-1998 ...

GDP Growth Thrgets by Sector

GDP by Sectoral Share ., .. . .

Government Budget, L994195.1998/99 ..,.. ....... q.

Government Development Expendinrre

by $ector/Sub Sector, 1994195-1998199

Balance of Payments, 1994/95-1998199 .

Production Estimates for Selected Industrial

Products , 1994195-1998/99 ....

101

ro7108

103

109

110

111

tt2

113

114

l15

118

Thble

Thble

t l

T2

Thble 13 Production Estimates for selected AgriculnrralProducts, 1994 195-1998 199

Table 14

Table 15

Table 16

Thble 17

Table 18

Table t9

Table 20

Table 21

Table 22

Table 23

Thble 24

thble 25

Thble 26

Table 27

Table 28

Students Enrolled1994t95-r998t99

Ing Production, 1994195-lg9$l9g

lVater Resources Targets, 1994 lgl-lggt 199

Transportation Targets, 1 994 195-1998 lgg

Mineral Production, 1994 lgs-Lgg$lgg

Electric Power Thrgers, l994l91-Lgg8,l99

Post and Tblecommunications Thrgets,t994t95-t998t99

Transmigration, 1994 195 -1998 lgg

Students Enrolled in Primary School,1994t95-1998/99

Students Enrolled in Junior Secondary School,1994t95-t998t99

119

r20t2l

122

t24

t25

126

Izt

r28

129

130

131

132

133

134

in Senior Secondary School,

Students Enrolled in Tbrtiary Education,r994t95-t998t99

Family Planning, 1994195-1998199

Health, Thrgets 1994195-L9gB lgg

Housing and Human Settlements,t994t95-r998t99

vl i l

Clean Water Supply Thrgets, lgg4lgi-tggVgg..... l3rs

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

By the Grace of Almighty God, Indonesia has succeeded incompleting the First Twenty-$ive-Year Long-Term DevelopmentPlan (PJP I, 1969/70-1993/94), which ended with the iornpletionof the Fifth Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita V 1989/n-1993/94). In the struggle to consolidate our independence'througha series of these development plans, Indonesia has aqhievedprogress in several importhnt aspects of life, and now'enters itsSecond Tlventy-Five-Year Long-Term Development Plan (PJP II,1994/95-2018//,9), which begins with the Sixth Five-Year Devel-opment Plan (Repetita VI, 1994/95-1995/9n

PJP II is a continuation, enhancement, anil renovation of PJP Iand is an important part of the whole national developmentprocess. In PJP II, Indonesia will enter the take-off stage in theeffort to become a developed, just, prosperous and self-reli4ntnation. PJP II is also the second era of national awakening, duringwhich growth and deve lopment w i l l increas ing ly re ly onIndonesia's own ability and resources. The energy of the entirenation will be directed towards achieving a standard of livingwhich can place lndonesia on an equal foot ing with otherdeveloped nations.

PJP II expresses the vision of Indonesia's future which willemerge through the proacss of development over the next 25 years.This vision is dcscribed in both social and economic indicators,

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and is stated in quantitative and qualitative terms. The indicators

are intended to give ideas regarding the main goals of development

which are expected to be achieved. PJP II indicators are also

intended to identify the current problems of development, and

problems that may arise in the future, in order to be able to

recognize and respond to these problems at an early stage.

National development is carried out through planning that

encompasses the whole nation, in an integrated, well directed

manner involving continuous and interrelated stages. As in PJP I,

PJP II is divided into five five-year development plans, beginning

with the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita VI). To give

a more comprehensive picture of the continuing development

process, Repelita VI includes reports of development achieve-

ments during PJP I, and outlines challenges, obstacles, opportuni-

ties and goals which are expected to be attained in PJP II.

Rdpelita VI specifies the development goals, priorities and

polices which are contained in the 1993 State Policy Guidelines(GBHN 1993). Ttre broad directives of the GBHN 1993 are used to

specify measurable targets and detailed policies, which take into

account the challenges to be overcome, the constraints to be faced,

and the opportunities that can be utilized ovei the next five years.

The specification of the targets and the formulation of the policies

for PJP II are also based on a fundamental national asset, namely

the determination of the Indonesian people to be self-reliant.

As were the previous five-year development plans, Repelita

VI is an indicative plan, not a detailed blueprint for implemen-

tation. The targets. in Repelita VI are.not rigidly Set, but rather

convey a set of broad objectives which can be adjusted to actual

needs as circumstances change. This flexibility allows all those

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involved in carrying out Repelita VI, inclufling the private sector,to have a common perception of the direction of the developmentplan, thereby facilitating coordination of their respective plans andactions in conformity with the national de-r'elopment targets.

Repelita VI is made operational in the form of concrete policy

measures in various fields.'For the government sector this isreflected in the annual budget, which is divided into sectors, sub-sectors, programs and projects. Estimates of sources of financingfor the plan are based on projections concerning the Indonesianeconomy and the world economy over the five year period. Asactual developrnents may differ fqom the assumptions dnderlyingthe.plan, necessary adjustments will be made when implementingthe.annual government budgets, as well as in the implementation ofother specific policy measures.

This summary of Repelita VI is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is an intr0duction which describes the general

concept of Repelita VI and its position in national development.The second chapter explains the principal development achieve-ments of PJP I, particularly in the economic field, social welfare,polit ics and religion. The third chapter presents the major

challenges which wil l be faced and the primary targets to beachieved in PJP II. The fourth chapter specifies the general objec-tives and priorities of development in Repelita Vt. This includes

the development objectives and policies for each sector, cross-

sectoral objectives and policies, development funding plans

encompassing both the demand for and sources of investment

funds, macro economic,policies,-and the system of development

implementation and supervision. Chapter five is the concluding

chapter.

CHAPIER II

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE FIRST LONG-TERMDEVEI.OPMENT PLAN

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Throughout the Zl-year implementation of PJP I, development

wiur carried out continuously in line with the Development Trilogy,which requires the maintenance of a harmonious balance between

equlty, economic growttr and national'stabillty.

During PJP I Indonesia overcame various fundamental prob-

lems, significantly enhanced the standard of iiving of the people,

and established a strong foundation for' implementing thesubsequent stages of development. Economic development in PJP I

has been able to create ecenomic stability,and has developedeconomic institutions that are critical for supporting development.

Various basic policies, such as the balanced and dynamicbudget principle, the open capital account system, and prudent

macroeconomic policies, have made major contributions to theattainment of development objectives. Satisfactory economicgrowth and equitable development have been attained in conjunc-tion with econornic stability. The average economic growth rate inPJP I was 6.8 percent per annum. The inflation rate, which wasvery high in the 1960s, was reduced to an average of Ll .2 percentper year in the 1970s, and further reduced to an average of 8.7percent per year in the 1980s.

All economic sectors, including industry, agriculture, andservices, have made significant progress. The industrial sector

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grew at an average real rate of approximately 12 percent per yearbetween 1969.and 1992. In the same period, agriculture alsomade significant progress, as reflected in the achievement of riceself sufficiency since 1984. This success has dramatically alteredIndonesia's posit ion from the world's largest rice importingcountry in the 1970s to a country which can supply its own riceconsumption needs. fire attempt to establish a strong.economicbase, characterized by a growing industrial sector and supported bya solid agricultural sector, has been realizeA,

High economic growth. coincides with a more balancedeconomic structure. fire share of industry in the national productcontinues to rise. Since 1991, the. industrial sector's contributionto the national product has exceeded the.share contributed byagriculture. Indonesia's dependence on oil has fallen sinqe theearly 1989s. In 1981 the contribution of oil and gas to the nationalproduct reached 24 percent, while by 1992 it had dropped to only13 percent as a result of healthy growttr of the non-oil sectors.

The structure of Indonesials foreign exchange earnings hasbecome more sustainable due to decreased reliance on oil and gas.Non-oil and gas exports have increased rapidly, particularly since.the initiation of the deregulation and debureaucratization policies inthe mid-1980s. In 1968, one year prior to the implementation ofPJP I, earnings from non-oil and gas exports.were US$ 569million. Today Indonesia's income from non-oil and gas exports isUS$ 2 billion per month. In 198U82 non-oil and gas exports werestill fairly low, accounting'for only 1 8. 1 percent of total exportearnings, whereas by'1993/94 the share had risen to 75.8 percent.The rise of non-oil.and gas exporfs has been accompanied bydiversification irrto new gommodities.and the opening up of new

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markets.

Similar structural change has also charactefized governmentrevenues. Domestic non-oil and gas revenues have increasedrapidly, and now greatly exceed revenues from oil and gas. In1981182, government revenue from non-oil and gas accounted foronly 29.4 percent of the total. By 199it93, it had risen ts 67.7pelcent.

The increased share of non-oil and gas exports in total exportsand the larger proportion of domestic non-oil and gas revenue intotal domestic revenue of the government, has strengthened boththe balance of payments and the government budget.

The track record of PJP I also witnesSed the continuedexpansion of employment opportunities, wh'ich, in conjunctionwith'a falling population growttr rate, has resulted in the continuedincrease in the standard of living of the Indonesian people. Incomepei capita, which in 1969 was still around US$ 70, had risen toapproximately US$ 700 by the end of PJP I. Meanwhile, thenumber of people living below the official poverty line droppeddrastically. \\rhile in 1970 there were T0.mil l ion people inIndonesia identified as poor, accounting for 60 percent of the totalpopulation, by 1993 this number had dropped to 25.9 millionpeople, or approximately 13.7 percent of the entire population.

The role of the people and of the pr ivate sector indevelopment activities has continued to rise. Since the 1980s,part icular ly af ter the launching of a ser ies of deregulat ionmeasures, private investment has increased.,rapidly, from bothdomestic and foreign sources. In the l9?0s most domesticinvestment activit ies were undertaken by the public sector.Nowadays the situation is reversed. Most domestic investmentcomes from the private sector, and private sector investment is

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growing continuously. By the 1990s, the role of the governrnenthad increasingly been confined to the supply of infrastnrcture andother public facilities that could not be undertaken by the piiiitesector.

fire iricreasing strength and sophistication of the economy isalso evident in the growing network of basic infrastructureservices, such as, electricity, roads, poffi, and telecommunication.During'tlre last quartBr century national development has changedthe Indonesian economic sinratibn from an economy wittr a verylimited infrastruchrre to an Economy supported by continuouslyimproving infrastr[cture. The existence of basic infrastructureprovides the foundation for a dynamic and modern economy.

Development in the economic field has stimulateddevelopment and progress in other fields. In the religious fie-ld,ttre faith of mernbers of different religious communities has risen.Religious values that support the develop4ent ethos haveincreasedi

With regard to education, much progress had been achieved.Since 1984, the universal six-years primary education program has.resulted in an increase in the enrollment rates of schoo! agedchildren in the seven to twelve yearlr age bracket. By the end ofPIP I, almost alt of the school aged children were enrolled in sixyear primary schools, compareA to only 4L.4percent in 1968/69.In addition, the illiteracy rate of the population aged 10 years andqlder has continued to fall, from 39.1 percent at the staft of PJP I,to only 15.8 percent in 1990.

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fire health and nutrition condition of the population has alsocontinued to improve. Life expectancy in Indonesia has increased

from 45.7 years in 1967 to 62.7 years by the end of PJP I. In thesame period, the infant mortality rate has decreased from 145 to58 per 1000 live births. Caloric intake has increased from 2035calories per capita per day in 1968 to270I calories per capita perday in 1990 and this has been accompanied by increasedconsumption of protein and other nutrients.

The improved health and nutrition of the population is a resultof expanding access to public hqlth facilities. In the L97t-1990period, the tbtal number of medical doctors increased from 4,9 to16 doctors per 1,000,000 citizens. Health facilities are morewidely distributed throughout the country. In 1992193 the totalnumber of publ ic heal th centers Qtuskesmas) was 6,277 , asignif icant increase from 1,227 in 1968. There has been anequally big increase in the total number of subsidiary-puskcsmnsand mobile-puskcsmas

Much progress has also been achieved in the effort to enhancethe role of women in development. The illiteracy rate for femalesaged 10 years and above has decreased from 53.1 percent in I97Ito2I.3 percent in 1990. Female school attendance, especially inprlSary school, is approximately the same as that of males. Thenumber of females completing secondary sehool and above hasincreased from 4.2 million in the 1980s to 12.4 millions in 1990,while the percentage of women in the labor force has increasedfrom 32.4 percent in 1980 to 38.8 percent in 1990. The improvedrole of women has also been reflected in the increased quality ofemployment available for women.

The development of politics in PJP I has succeeded in creatinga national political foundation based on Pancasila and the 1945Const i tut ion. During the per iod of PJP I the nat ion has

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successfully organized political institutions, developed the political

culture, and implemented Pancasila Democracy.

The dual-functions of the Armed Forces of the Republic of

Indonesia (ABRI) have been accepted by all of the people of

Indonesia. The role of ABRI as a socio-pol i t ical force in the

Indonesian political system has also given vigor to'the development

of Pancasila Democracy, together with other socio-political forces.

The development and utilization of the government apparatus

in PJP I is one of the main elements in the national development

strategy. The consistent and continuous improvement in this area

has succeeded in enhancing the role of the government apparatus

as the instrument of development.

From the above description of the achievements of develop-

ment, it is eviddnt that PJP I has succeeded in realizing the goal of

enhanc ing the people 's wel fare and lay ing down a s t rong

foundation for the subsequent stage of development.

CHAPIER III

TIIE SECOND LONG TERM DE\MLOPMENT PLAN

A. CHALLENGES OF DE\MLOPMENT

Development in PJP II and Repelita vI faces a variety ofchallenges that must be identified and overcome. Some of thechallenges comprise problems that could not be fully resolved inPJP I, while other challenges are problems that are expected toar ise over the course of PJP I I . The chal lenges affect theformulation and'implementation of targets and policies over thenext twenty-five yearS.

Each of these challenges is interrelated. A problem in onedevelopment area could affect progress in other areas. Some of themajor challenges are discussed below.

Sustaining High Economic Growth

Development in PJP I has significantly increased the standardof living of the population. This is reflected in the growth of percapita income from Us$ 70 in 1969 to around us$ 700 by the endof PJP I. Although this is major achievement, the Indonesian percapita income is still low compared to other countries. Sustaininghigh economic growth will therefore be one of'the main challengesin PJP II.

Closely relatdd to the challenge of increasing income percapita is the challenge of controlling the population growth rate.

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Indonesia's success in implementing the family planning programin PJP I has significantly reduced the population growth rate.Nevertheless, the already high population base at the start of theprogram resulted in Indonesia still having a total population of 189mill ion people at the end of PJP I, This large population isexpected to continue to grow during PJP II. Therefore, PJP II stillfaces the challenge of further reducing the population growttr rate.

Increasing Equitable I)evelopment

Development achievements in the economic field as well as inother tields must be accompanied by enhanced equlty. Althoughmuch has been achieved in PJP I, there are various inequities thatstill must be resolved, such as the gap between different regions,between the western part and the eastern part of Indonesia,between Java and outside Java, between urban and rural areas,between agriculture and industry, and between dffferent'socio-economic groups. Unless consistent efforts are made to resolve thisproblem, inequity co-uld lead to greater social envy that would posea menace to the maintenance of national stability. The existence ofsuch inequities.also indicate that much still needs to be done inorder to attain the goal of social justice for all of the Indonesianpopulation. Reducing these inequities is another major challengethat must be resolved in PJP II.

Related to the equity issue is the problem of people still livingbelow the poverty line. In terms of absolute total number there hasbeen a significant decrease, from 70 million people below theof f ic ia l pover ty l ine in 1970 to 25 .9 mi l l ion in 1993- .Nevertheless, the figure in L993 means that around fourteenpercent of the population, or one out of seven Indonesians, lives inabsolute poverty. This fact is naturally a great cause for concern

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not only for humanitarian reasons, but also because poor peopletend to have limited opportunities for increasing their productivity.Therefore, another big challenge in pJp II is the eradication ofpoverty under the current definition so as to allow poor people tobecome increasingly capable of increasing their participation indevelopment.

Resolving the unemployment and underemployment problem

The growth of the labor force in PJP II will still be relativelyhigh, as a large number of the people will reach the working agebracket. At the same time the total number of unemployed workersis st i l l large. Thus, a big chal lenge in pJp I I is to create a largenumber of productive jobs in order to resolve the existing andpending unemployment problem over the next twenfy-five years.

In addition to the need to create new jobs for the new ehtrantsinto the labor force, there is the problem of underemployment thatlowers productivity. The current underemploymeht rate is quitehigh, around 40.5 percent of the labor force. Thus resolvingunderemployment is also a challenge faced in pJp II.

Another major challenge is the unequal population distribu-tion. In certain areas, especially in Java, the population density isvery high. Moreover, in PJP II the process of urbanization wil lincrease, with more than half of the population l iving in urbanareas within 25 years. This could have a negative impact on ruralproductivity if rural areas- lose their skilled and educated workers.'/In addition, urban areas will face a variety of social, economic and

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political problems.

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Improving the Quality of Human Resources

Nat ional development is essent ial ly development of theIndonesian people. It encompasses efforts aimed at attaining thenational goal contained in the Preamble to the Ig45 Constitution,which seeks to enhance the well being and educational level of thewhole people.

In addition to meeting the provisions of the 1945 Constitution,the requirement to increase the quality of human resources iscritical for enabling the country to increase productivity and thus tobecome capable of competing in domestic as well as in worldmarkets. In PJP II, Indonesia must no longer depend mainly on itsabundant natural resources, but instead must depend on thedevelopment of human resources. Therefore, the challenge in pJpII is to improve the quality of the Indonesian people both as humanbeings and as development resources. :

Developing Science and Technology

The transformation of Indonesia into a developed and self-reliant nation will very m..uch be determined by its ability to utilize,to develop and to mastell science and technology. Development ofscience and technology must enable us'to deal with the challengesof development in the coming years. Therefore, the challenge ofscience and technology development in pJp II is to ensure that theutilization, deyelopment and mastering of science and technologywill increase the qualify of human resources, raise productivrty andefficiency, expand employment opportunities, and increase thepeople's welfare.

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Conservation of Natural Resources and the Environment

During PJP II, industry is to provide the main engine ofgrowth.'Industrial growth will naturally affect the availability andutilization of natural resources. Also in PJP II, economic activitieswill increasingly be concentrated in urban arbas, which will in-crease the risk of pollution. High rates of economic growthcombined with rising population will put further pressure on limit-ed quantities of land, water, and other natural resources.

Thus one of the chal lenges in PJP I I is to ensure thepreservation of a.balance between economic growth and theconservat ion of natural resources and the environment, bymaintaining a sustainable developtnent process.

Development of Law, Social Institutions and NationalCulture

Globalization and the rapid progress of science'and technologywill influence the development of law in Indonesia. Increasingawareness of law, attributable to rising educational levels, willincrease the demand of the people for a justice system which isbroader and mote sophisticated. Therefore, development of ahealthy national legal system that is responsive to the increasedneed for justice in society and able to safeguard the achievementsof development, is a challenge for PJP II.

The increasing role of the industrial sector in developmentwilt bring changes in values that will cause social problems. Asindustrialization and modernization procped, efforts to maintainand develop appropriate social institutions and preserve culturemust be intensified to ensure that rapid industrialization and greater

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lopenness to the global economy will not adversely affect nationalidentity and unity, and will not endanger national stability.

B. TIIE GENERAL AIM OF PJP II

As stipulated in the 1993 State Policy Guidelines, the generalaim of PJP I I is the creat ion of qual i ty human beings and aquality Indonesian society that are advanced and self reliant, Thepriority of PJP II is placed on the economic field as the mainengine of development, commensurate with the quality of humanresources, and interlinked with development in hon-economicfields.

On the basis of the above general aim, the fol lowing arespecific targets of PJP II as further elaborated in the text ofRepelita VI, the first phase of PJP II.

To achieve the progress, self-reliance and prosperity called forin the 1993 State Policy Guidelines, economic activities must bedeveloped quickly. To this end, a high rate of economic growth isprojected in PJP II, averaging 7 percent per year. This growthrate is even higher than the average economic growth rate achievedduring PJP I of 6.8 percent per year, which was considered highby international standards.

This economic growth will be accompanied by an effort tolower population growth. Population growth rate is targeted to bereduced to 0.9 percent per annum by end of PJP I I . I f th iseconomic and population growth target is achieved, at the end ofPJP II real Indonesian income per capita will increase almost fourfold, to around US $ 2600 in 1989/90 constant prices.

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To achieve those-targets, the industrial sector is expected tobecome the engine of growth. During PJP II industry should growby 9 percent per year on average. The link between industry andagriculture will be strengthened by developing agroindustry andagribusiness, while the links between the industrial sector andnatural resource sectors such as mining will also be improved,thereby enhancing the strength of the industrial sector.

Rapid industrialization will lead to a continuous decline in theshare of GDP coming from agriculture. Nevertheless, theagricultural sector will continue to play a strategic role in pJp II.In addition to supplying food for the population, the agriculturalsector will be the main source of living for a large part of theIndonesian work force. A relatively high agriculnrral growth rateof 3.5 percent p_er annum is therefore targeted during PJp II.

The development of industry and agriculture requires supportfrom other sectors, such as transport, trade, and financial services.These other sectors are expected to grow by 7 percent per year onaverage. Stronger links between industry, agriculture and servicesis very important to encourage economic ef f ic iency andproductivity.

A long wi th economic deve lopment , the emphas is o fdevelopment in PJP" II wil l be on the improvement of humanreso'urce qual i ty. The pol ic ies in educat ion, science andtechnology, health, religion, population, workforce and socialwelfare are the main elements of human resource development.AII are closely interrelated and require major efforts over'the next25 years.

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In the field of education, the main program is universal nine-year basic education. Efforts to attain this goal will start in the firstyear of Repelita VI, and this program is expected to be coin!'letedby the end of Repelita VIII at the latesr. By the end of pJp II, it isexpected that the gross participation rate in education at the juniorsecondary level (SLTP) wi l l be l l8 percenr, up from sz.7percent' in 1993194; at the senior secondary level (SLTA) g0percent, up from 33.2 percent; and at the university level 25percent , up f rom 10.5 percent . In add i t ion to broadeningeducational participation, edricational quality in general must beimproved and education must be more directed towards, and moreresponsive to, the requirements of the work place.

In the field of health; the efforts to improve health servicesand community nutrition are expected to increase life expectancyto 70.6 years at the end of PJP II. from 62.7 year at theend of pJpI. The infant mortality rate per 1000 live births will be loweredfrom 58 at the end of PJP Ito26 ar rhe end of pJp II.

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The development of science and technology relates closely tothe development of education and human resources. In the lgg3State Policy Guidelines, science and technology is identified as oneof the principle development components. Improving the ability toutilize, to master and to develop science and technology will bereflected in increased technological content of products, therebyraising the competitiveness of Indonesian goods, and improvingnational defence and national self-reliance.

one of the important aspects of science and technologydevelopment in PJP II is research and development. Changes inthe methods of financing research and development activities willbe needed if they are to expand at a sufficiently rapid pace. At

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present 80 percent of total research and development is funded bythe government. By the end of PJP II it is expected that 70-80

'percent of total research and development will be funded by the

pr ivate sector, . At present about 70 percent of science and.technology program expenditure is provided for programs ingovernment institutions. By the end of PJP II it is expected that

about 60-70 percent o f sc ience and technology program

expenditure will come from the private sector, and will be used toimprove product quality and production process quality to increase

competi t iveness in the internat ional market. Increasedparticipation by the community and the private sector in research

and development programs is expected to increase the share of

science and technology development programs in GDP from 0.3percent currently to around 2 percent by the end of PJP II.

With high economic growth and an increase in the quality of

human resources, it is expected that absorption of the labor force,

which is projected to grow by 69.1 percent during PJP II, can be

achieved. Creating work opportunities for 68.6 million people is acritical task, which depends very much on developing human

resources.

If these objectives can be achieved, the Indonesian people willbecome developed, self-reliant and prosperous. At ttrc end of PJPII it is expected that Indonesia will be an industrialized countrystrong in trade and commerce.

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CHAPIT,R IV

TIIE SDffH FIVE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAI\I-

A. THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE AND PRIORITY OF

REPELITA VI

The lggS State Policy Guidelines (GBHN 1993) stipulate that,

in accordance with the general aim of PJP II, the general objective

of Repelita VI is the growth of self-reliance, through increased

participation, eff iciency, and productivity.of the people, in the

contbxt cif incieasing their standard of l iving, intell igence and

over.al l wel l being. This impl ies that enhanced product iv i ty,

efficiency and people's participati6n are main elements of the

development strategy that will determine the success of Repelita

vI.

The GBHN 1993 also stipulates that in line with the emphasis

of development in PJP I I , the pr ior i ty for Repel i ta VI is the

development of economic sectors, comprising industry' agriculture

and services, in parallel with the enhancement of human resource

quality.

To achieve the general objectives and targets of the 1993 State

Policy Guidelines as described above, the development targets and

policies of Repelita VI are further specified.

,Enhancing Human Resource Quality

By increasing human resource quality, the Indonesian peoplewill be able to improve their dignity, their participation in devel-opment, and their ability. to make informed choices so as to makeOptimum use of scarce development resources.

The quality of human resources will influence the solutions tovarious problems of development; not only those of productivityand economic growth, but also inequity, poverty, and nationalstability.

The quality of human resources is reflected in living stand-ards, levels of education, health status, character and morals,ability to develop and to master science anci technology, and self-reliance. Thus, important steps to improve human resource qualityare included in the main development taf.gets and policies ineducation, health, science and technology, religion, population,social welfare, labor force, and other development sdctors, and areimplemented in a integrated fashion.

In accordance with the effort to improve human resourcequality, labor productivity, as measured by value added perworker, is expected to increase at an average annual rate of 3.3percent. Labor productivity in agriculture is expected to grow byan average of 2.4 percent per year, industrial labor productivityby 3.7 percent per year, and labor productivity in other sectors,including the service sector, by 1.7 percent per year.

20

Economic Growth and Structural Changeof the Indonesian Economy

Economic gromh in Repelita VI, will reach an average of 6.2percent per year, accelerating from 6 percent in the first year to6.6 percent in the fifth year. With this overall growth rate, percapita income will increase by 4.7 percent per year and will exceedUS$ 1000 by the end of the five year period.

The supply of capital and labor will continue to grow to catchup with the rapid increase in demand. Therefore, the major sourcesof growtn' will come not only from increased investment and laborbut also from increased total factcir productivity. In Repelita VI,around 22 percent of economic growth ig expected to come fromincreased total factor productivity, 76 percent from increasednumbers of workers and 52 percent from increased levels of capitalstock.

Sectoral economic growth wil l rely on the industrial izationprocess, supported by agriculture. The economic structure willundergo a basic transfo{mation. The role of industry and services,bo th i n p roduc t i on and i n emp loymen t genera t i on , w i l lcontinuously increase, and the role of agriculture will decline.

To achieve a 6.2 percent average annual growth rate duringRepelita VI, the contribution of non-oil/gas sectors must rise.National product coming frorn non-oil/gas is estimated to grow onaverage by 6.9 percent per year. Non-oil/gas manufacturing willgrow at about 10 percent per year, and agriculture will grow onaverage by 3.4 percent per year. Other sectors, includingtransport services, telecommunications, trade, finance and mining,wi l l grow at an average rate of 6.0 percent per year. As a

2L

consequence of these sectoral developmdnts, the share of manufac-

turing in GDP will rise to 24.1'percent in constant 1989/90 prices,

and the share of agriculture will decline to about 1,7 .6 percent.

The share of other sectors will decline to 58.3 percent.

One of main factors which will contribute to achieving the

development target of 6.2 percent average annual growth is the

enhancement of non-oil/gas exports.. During Repelita VI, the

annual growth rate of non-oil/gas exports is expected to increase

by an average, of 16.8 percent per year. Exports of manufacturedproducts will need to grow by 17.8 percent per year on average.Foreign tourists are expected to reach 6.5 million people at the end

of Repelita VI, and foreign exchange earnings from tourism is

expected reach about US$ 9 billion, which.represents an average

annual increase of 18.6 percent over the five year period. Foreign

exchange remittances from workers employed abroad are estimated

to total US $3 billion in Repelita VI.

Enhancement of Equity and Poverty Alleviation

The 1993 State Policy Guidelines place great emphasis on the

need for more just and equitable development in PJP II. The

Guidelines direct economic development to the realization of anational economy which is self-reliant and based on economic

democracy for the improvement of the entire people's prosperity

and harmoily, with justice and equality. Thus, economic growth

must be a result of the rise of people's economic activities in an

equitable way, and result in reduced economic imbalances and

social disparities. Growth must demonstrate a solid tendency to

enhance the welfare of lower income groups, and a strong will

must be exercised to develop ail economy that realizes more

concretely the goal of Economic Democracy.

22

The aim of enhancing equity and reducing poverty in Repelita'VI encompass objectives for improving the people's businesscapability and role, especially through cooperatives, smalFscalebusinesses, traditional and informal businesses, and rnedium-scalebusinesses that grow from small businesses. Regional capabilitieswill be improved through the efforts of regional governments,private businesses, social institutions, and actions of the entiresociety. The development'of regional autonomy whiih is genuine,

dynamic, harmonious and responsible will be emphasized. Effortswill be made to reduce the dhcrepancy between urban and rural

areas. The development of Eastern Indonesia and other less-developed regions will be accelerated. Links between economicsectors, especially between agricultural, industry and services, willbe strengthened. The grgwth and development of mediilm-scalebusinesses, small-scale businesses, and informal or tradit ionalbusinesses, will become the lifeblood of the national economy.Improved equity in access to employmento education, and. businessopportunities will contribute to enhancing the standard of living of

the whole population.

Poverty al leviat ion is one of the most important aims ofpromoting equitable development. The target in Repelita VI is toreduce the total number of people living in absolute poverty toaround 12 million, or 6 percent of the population. At the end ofRepelita VII the problem of absolute poverty, as currently defined,will be largely resolved. Likewise, the problem of poor villageswill also generally be overcome by the end of Repelita VII.

One important target of policies to promote equity is thecreation of a productive labor force. Economic growth must be

directed to act iv i t ies which support the absorpt ion of highlyproductive workers. Through integrated efforts across different

23

sectors, it is expected that employment opportunities will be

created that gradually will reduce open unemployment and

underemployment. In Repelita VI, of the total increase in the

labor force of 12.6 million workers, agriculture will absorb 1.9

million, manufacturing will absorb 3 million, and 7 million will

be absorbed by other sectors.

Another way to promote equity is to improve the quality and

capabilities of small-scale, informal and traditional businesses.

Such enterprises are to be organized more firmly into formal

business units, especially cooperatives. The goal is to raise the

quality and the ability to create employment in small and medium

businesses.

In the context of increasing equity, effons will be continued to

promote regional d'evelopment through po'licies directed at the

reduction of inter-regional and rural-urban disparities. Regional

development will be designed to improve the efficiency of the

regions and maximize their potential. More balanced growth

between regions will allow the share of various regions in total

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) to become more

balanced. The share of the eastern part of Indonesia in total GRDP

is expected to rise from about 9 percent at the end of Repelita V

to 11 percent at the end of PJP II. The development of urban and

rural areas will be better balanced in order to reduce migration to

urban areas.

Efforts to increase equitable development and reduce poverty

will be carried out in all fields of development, and implemented

harmoniously and in an integrated fashion through various macro-

economic policies, sectoral policies and regional policies.

24

Economic Stability

To support growth and equity, it is necessary to maintaineconomic stability. In Repelita vI, prudent macroeconomic poti-cies will be continued, and inflation rate will be kept at an averageannual rate of under five percent. The external current account isexpected to further improve and the deficit will be maintainedbelow 2 percent of GDp. Foreign exchange reserves, which arenecbssary for maintaining stability under the free foreign exchangesystem, will be maintained at a level ttrat is sufficient for financinga minimum of five months of imports.

B. NATIONAL DE\IELOPMBhIT OBJECTIVESPOLICIES

1. ECONOMIC SECTORS

Industry

AT\D

The objectives of industrial development are to strengthen thenational economy by creating forward and backward linkagesbetween sectors; improving the resilience of the national *rono.y,expanding employment and business opportunities, ano promotingthe growth of all sectors of the economy. Industrial development inRepelita vI will be geared towards self-reliance and improvedcompetitiveness, both in domestic markets and in foreign markets,while preserving the environment.

The objectives of industrial development in Repelita vI are tgachieve a sufficiently high groWtr rate so that industry can becomethe main vehicle for stimulating economic development,_ and sothat a stronger and more diversified industrial structure can emerge

25

)supported by increased technological capabilities and optimum

utilization of economic resources. Additional objectives are to

improve industrial competitiveness and the ability to produce high

quality products capable of penetrating international markets; topromote the growth of small and medium size industries, including

rural industr ies; and to broaden the regional distr ibut ion of

indust ry , par t icu lar ly in the eastern par t o f Indones ia . By

dispersing industry to the regions, centres of economic growth and

potential can be developed in the outer islands.

In Repelita VI, manufacturing, which includes oil and non-

oil/gas manufacturing, is expected to grow at an average annual

rate of 9.4 percent. Non-oil/gas manufacturing wil l grow at an

average rate of 10.3 percent per year. At this rate of growth, the

contribution from manufacturing as a whole to GDP will increase

from 20.8 percent at the end of Repelita V to 24.L percent at the

end o f Repel i ta VI , and the cont r ibut ion f rom non-o i l

manufacturing will increase from 17.6 percent to 2L 3 percent.

Along with increased industrial production, exports of manu-

factured products are expected to increase by an average of 17.8

percent per year, and to reach US$ 54.8 bil l ion by the end of

Repelita VI.

Non-oil/gas manufacturing consists of agrciindustry, basic

metals, capital goods, chemicals, and other important industries.

Agroindustry, including processed food, processed timber, leathergoods, goods made of rubber, and paper, is expected to grow on

average by 8.2 percent per year. Basic metals and capital goods,

including industrial machinery and equipment, transportation

equipment, electronics and telecommunications, is estimated to

grow on average by t2.6 percent per year.

26.

In addition, the chemical industry, including chemicals,.plastics, and non-metallic minerals, is expected to grow by 9.7percent per year. Other manufacturing industries, such as textilesand garments, are estimated to grow on average by 13.0 percentper year.

Manufacturing as a whole is expected to create additionalemployment for about 3 million people. At this level of absorp-tion, industry should account for 25.3 percent of the additionalemployment created during Repelita VI.

To accomplish these objectives, a range of policies are re-quired for developing industry, using the following strategy: (l)developing broad-spectrum industries orientated towards the inter-national market, natural. resource-intensive industries with a risingtechnological level, labor-intensive industries which become moreskilled-intensive over time, and technology-intensive industries; (2)developing industries by accelerating technological mastery inorder to solidify the base for producing superior industrialproducts; (3) developing industries which rely on the marketmechanism, with the private sector in the lead; and (a) developingindustries which emphasize growth and income distribution bygiving priority to those industries capable of fast growth andimproving the participation of the broader community.

Priorities for industrial development during Repelita vI willinclude: (1) agroindustry, which is developed through the networko f ag ro indus t r i a l ac t i v i t i es and ag robus iness ; (2 ) m ine ra lprocessing industr ies; (3) the machinery, capi tal goods andelectronics industries, including industries which produce compo-nents and engage in sub-assembly; and (4) export-oriented indus-

27

tries which become increasingly skill-intensive and diversified overtime, including textiles and textile products.

The development of agroindustry and agrobusiness is carriedout to increase value added, intensify and strengthen the industrialstructure, increase exports of industrial products, extend businessopportuni t ies and employment, and al leviate poverty. Toaccomplish this, policies will be undertaken to develop agro-processing industries that utilize comparative advantage, createcompetitiveness, and stimulate demand for agricultural commodi-ties which will improve farmers' purchasing power and createdomestic markets. Policies will also be developed and implementedwhich improve the mastery and application of technology forprocessing agricultural products.

Policy measures undertaken for the development of the ma-chinery, capital goods and electronics industries include improvingthe types, quality, and performance of products, the developmentof technological infrastructure, standardization of products, thedevelopment of small- and medium-sized suppliers and supportindustries through business partnership with large-scale industries,the improvement of linkages between industry and other sectors,and further development of strategic industries.

Export-oriented industries wil l be further promoted as asource of industrial growth and labor absorption, and to strengthenthe balance of payments. Policy measures to accelerate exportgrowth include the development of labour-intensive industrieswhich wi l l become more sk i l l - in tens ive over t ime, productdiversification, and the development of export-oriented industrialzones.

78

Design and engineering industries wil l be improved forpurposes of domestic industrial development, particularly for thedevelopment of small and medium size industries, as well as forsupporting service exports. Steps in this direction will involveutilization of technological licensing, innovative engineering, andthe optimum use of domestic expertise and service industries.

Industrial development during Repelita VI aims to stimulatethe growth of competitive small and medium size industries whichserve as the industrial backbone of the economy. Linkages betweenlarge, medium and small size industries will be developed througha mutually profitable business partnership, including the devel,opment of regulatory support institutions and business partnershipinstitutions. The development of craft and home industries will beencouraged through the establishment of various industrial centres.Developmental measures for these craft and home industries needto take into account local human resource potential, naturalresources, and culfural values.

Agriculture

During Repelita VI agricultural development will be directedtowards raising the quantity, quality and diversity of agriculturalproducts and improving efficiency. Agricultural development willalso be directed towards the fulfilment of food and nutritionalneeds, and the need for basic materials for industry. Linkagesbetween agriculture and other industries are to be encouraged anddeveloped, so that agriculture can benefit from domestic andforeign market opportunities, and contribute to the expansion ofbusiness and employment. These objectives are directed towardsimprov ing the s tandard o f l i v ing o f fa rmers and the rura lcommunity.

29

In addition to improving the income and living standards of

rural people, the objectives of agricultural development during

Repelita VI are to improve the diversif ication of agricultural

businesses and products and to intensify and extend agriculture

with the support of agro-industry. Additional objectives are to

improve labor productivity and employment opportunities in the

agricultural sector, supply a diverse range of food products, and

raise product quality through better processing. Agriculture should

also contribute to regional development. Maintaining food self-

sufficiency, improving the farmers' capability to master and apply

agricultural technology, improving the froductivity of farm

enterprises, and improving competitiveness both at home and

overseas , ffE additional important objectives.

- The average growttr rate of the agricultural sector is estimated

to be 3.4 perce-nt per ye,ar during Repelita VI. The food crops and

horticulture sub-sector is expected to reach an average growth rate

of 2.5 percent, animal husbandry 6.4 petcent, plantations 4.2

percent and f isher ies 5.2 percent per year. The share of

agriculture in GDP is expected to decrease from 20.2 percent at

the end of Repelita V to 17 .6 percent at the end of Repelita VI.

Employment opporfiInities in agriculture are expected to grow

by 1 percent per year on average during Repelita VI so that the

agricultural sector should be capable of absorbing up to 1.9 million

additional workers. By the end of Repelita VI, employment in

agriculture is expected to reach 38;4 million people.

To realizethese objectives, a range of agricultural devel-

opment policies will be undertaken. These will cover ef'forts to

improve productive efficiency and the quality of agricultural

30

products, to maintain food self-sufficiency, to improve market-share, post-harvest processing efficiency, and the distribution ofagricultural products, and to increase the supply of basic materialsfor industry. Policies will also be initiated to reduce income gsps,preserve the environment, and improve the role of peoples' inte-grated farm enterprises. Improving the qualitl and productivity ofthe work force and creating employment opportunities in ruralareas will contribute to the strengthening of agricultural institutionsand will help overcome poverty

Water Resources

Development of water resources is closely related to thedevelopment of agriculture, housing and human settlements, indus-try, energy, and hydropower.

The targets for water resource development in Repelita VIinclude: providing water at a rate of 210 cubic meters per secondto meet the need s of 72 percent of the population; supplying 3,7Mcubic meters per second to irrigate 6.2 million hectares of riceland; supplying 380 cubic meters of fresh water per second for 370thousand hectares of fish ponds; supplying 20 cubic meters persecond to irr igate 50 thousand hectares of grazing land; andsupplying 110 cubic meters per second to ful f i l the needs ofindustry and tourism. In addition to meeting these physicaltargets, the ability to master and apply water resource technologywill be improved.

Policies for achieving these targets include: improvingefficiency and productivity in water utilization; increasing thesupply of water for human settlements, agriculture, industry,tourism, and electricrty generation; extending irrigation networks;

31

improving water utili4ation through development of fair andeff ic ient al locat ion isystems; control l ing damage to theenvironment; strengthening water resource institutions; andsupporting regional water resource .development.

fbod and Nutrition

Food and nutrition is closely interrelated with efforts toimprove the quality of human resources. The capability.to nurturequalified and self-reliant human beings depends on the quality andbalance of available food. Food and nutrition levels will be furtherdeveloped during Repelita VI.

The objectives of food development during Repelita VI in-clude maintaining dynamic food self-sufficiency and increasingenergy supply from both carbohydrates and proteins. Thecommunity should be free from foods that endanger peoples'health. Nutrition targets during Repelita VI stipulate averageenergy intake of 2,150 calories and protein intake of 46.2 gramsper person per d.y, improvement in the community's knowledgeand awareness of nutrition, and reduced malnutrition.

Policy measures for food development will include effbrts toincrease production, improve purchasing power, raise trade effi-ciency, improve distribution and supply, and improve the coordi-nation of pricing policy. Additional measures will aim to increasethe diversification of food consumption, maintain food security,and develop effective and efficient food institutions. Specificpolicies will focus on overcoming malnutrition and improving themanagement of nutrition programs.

32

Manpower

The development of manpower during Repelita VI seeks to

expand employment, reduce unemployment, aid develop human

resources, so as to'establish independent and productive workerswith a high work ethos.

The main manpower objective during Repelita VI is to create

new employment opportunities of sufficient quality and number toabsorb the additional workers entering the labor market. During

Repel i ta VI, th.e manpower target wi l l be to create new

employment opportunities for 11.9 million people. In this way, the

open unemployment rate, which was 3 .2 percent in 1990, will be

reduced to 0.8 percent by 1998. This perbentage will consist'of

new entrants to the labor market from the educational and training

system, and workers who change jobs. In addition, expansion of

employment opportunities will also be geared towards the absorp-

tion of additional workers in the regions. Of the 11.9 million newjobs which are expected to be created, it is estimated that 3,0

mill ion wil l be in Sumatera, '6.4 mil l ion in Java,0.8 mil l ion in

Kalimantan, 0.6 million in Sulawesi, and the rest spread over the

other islands.

As part of the objective of extending employment opportuni-

ties, approximately 1.25 million professional workers are expected

to find jobs overseas, which should generate around US$ 3.0

billion in foreign exchange earnings.

Additional obj ectives includ e sh i fti ng emp loyment opportuni -

ties from the informal sectof to the formal sector and from lowproductivity occupations to high productivity occupations. Efforts

will also be made to improve industrial relations by supporting the

33

development and improvement o f work ing condi t ions andproviding labour protection, including protection for femaleemployees and for children.

To reach these targets, policy measures will bd pursued thatpromote the development of a climate conducive to the expansion6f employment opportuniti.es, the improvement of efficiency in allsectors, the improvement of manpower quality, effective utilizationof manpower, and the improvement of labour welfare. Efforts toimprove the climate for employment expansion will be carried outby creat ing a sound and dynamic bus iness c l imate, and byimproving linkages and the flow of information between sectors ina mutually supportive fashion, such as between educational andvocational institutions and the needs of the labor market.

Trade

The development of domestic trade durilig Repelita VI will begeared towards improving the role of the domestic market bydeveloping a distr ibut ion system which is stronger and moreextensive. Foreign trade objectives include the expansion ofoverseas markets, as reflected in growing non-oil/gas exports, andstrengthening the structure of non-oil/gas exports with industrialexports in the lead.

In quantitative terms, the domestic trade target is to achieve anaverage growth rate of 6.6 percent per yesf, so that by the end ofRepelita vI the contribution from the trade sector to GDp willreach 17 .5 percent. The average labor force growth rate in thetrade sector is expected to reach 3.5 percent per year, so that bythe end of Repelita vI rrade will be capable of absorbing 14.0mi l l ion workers , account ing for 18.5 percent o f a l l newemployment opportunities.

34

Non-oil/gas exports are expected to increase on average by16.8 percent per year so that by the end of Repelia VI non-oil/gasexport revenue should reach US$ 6l .2 billion. The export valuesof farm products, industrial products, and mining products areestimated to grow by 6.8 percent, 17.8 percent and 15.0 percentper year, respectively, to reach US$ 3.6 billion, US$ 54.8 billionand US$ 2.8 billion. By the end of Repelita VI, industry willaccount for 89 .4% of total non-oil/gas merchandise exports,agriculnrre for 5.9 percent, and mining for'4.6 percent..

Domestic ffade policy in Repelita VI will be directed towardsstrengthening and expanding the market, improving cpnsumerprotection, enhancing business competitiveness which protects

small and medium size businesses, and improving tle role ofcooperatives in trade. Foreign trade policy will be geared towardsimproving the competitiveness of export commodities, improvingthe structure of non-oil/gas exports, increasing the number ofcountries to which we export, and improving the role of Indonesiain trade cooperation, both bilaterally, regioqally, and multilatera,l-ly, including cooperation among the developing counffies.

Trade activities must also be geared towards stimulating thepeople's economic potential by supporting small size businesses,economically deprived groups, household enterprises, and informaland traditional businesbes. This is carried out ttrroulh the creationof a supportive climate, provision of trading places, credit facilitiesand other financial resources, the, improvement of trade extensionand information, and the developinent of business capacity andbusiness protection.

35

Transportation

Transportation plays a key role in the development of thecountry, affecting the economy, culture, politics, defense andsecurity. The development of transportation during Repelita vIwill be geared towards enhancing the mobility of people, goods,and services, supporting the national distribution system, territorialdeve lopment ; and improv ing in ternat iona l re la t ions. Theimprovement of the national transportation system will be achievedthrough improved coordination, integration and synchronization inplanning, development, and operation of the different modes oftransportation, and by developing transportation infrastructure andfacilities which can reach remote and isorated areas.

The targets of road development during Repelita vI includeconstruct ion of l6 thousand ki lometres of arter ia l roads, 50thousand kilometers of collector roads, 201.,370 kilometres of' loca l

roads, and 660 k i lometres o f to l l roads, 8s wel l asachievement of 100 peicent satisfactory condition for arterial andcollector.roads and 60 percent for local roads. The targets in thedevelopment of railway transportation during Repelita VI includeconstruction of 350 kilometres of track, improvement andrehabilitation of 840 kilometers of track, and improvement andrehabilitation of 130 railway bridges in Java and sumatera.

The main targets for the development of sea transportationinclude developing and improving 7 container ports; developinglocal and pioneer wharfs in 158 locations; creating a domesticshipping fleet capable of transporting 167 million tons; creating anational shipping fleet capable of transporting approximately 10percent of the total overseas-bound cargo; and operating 34 pio-neer ships per year.

36

Thrgets for the development of air transportation by the end ofRepelita VI include providing air fleet capacities which cantransport L2.2 million passengers on domestic flights ahd 9.6million passengers on international flights; providing- 12 hubairports and 13 local airports; and the operation of pioneer flightsin Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa TenggaraTimur, and Irian Jaya.

During Repelita VI, it is anticipated that the transportationsector will grow at an averale rate of 7 .0 percent per year, andcreate new employment oppornrnities for 750 thousand people.

The targets for transportation development during Repeli-ta VI will be achieved tlyough policy measures geared towardsdeveloping a national system of transportation that is reliable,integrated and efficient; developing regional transportation, withspeiial attention given to the least developed areas, particularlyeastern Indonesia; developing urban transportation; supporting thedeveloprnent of industry, agriculture, tr4de, and tourism; andimproving the qualrty of services.

In the development of transportation, participation. from thecommunity and the private sector will be encouraged, especially'inareas of high growth, where private investment is economicallyfeasible. In this way, government efforts to develop facilities andinfrastructure can be directed to the least developed and mostbackward areas, and to activities which are absolutely needed bysociety at large but are less attractive to private business.

37

Mining

In Repelita VI, mining development will be continued and be.geared towards optimal utilization of mineral resources whilecontinuing to preserve the environment. The development ofmining will be directed towards providing basic materials for thedomest ic industr ies, generat ingenergy, increasing exports,improving state and regional revenues as well as expanding em-ployment and business opportunities.

The objectives for the development of mining during RepelitaVI are to increase production and diversify mining products inorder to fulfil industrial demand for basic materials and energy aswell as to increase exports. Other objectives are to create an effi-cient and pioductive system for the management of mining activi-ties supported by a highly qualified labor force and the ability tomaster technology; to broaden people's participation in the miningsector by eipanding the role of cooperatives; to expand the devel-opment of mining, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia, insupport of regional development; and to provide informationservices on geology and mineral resources for the purposes offurther exploration and for the mitigation of geological naturaldisaster.

It is estimated that during Repelita VI the mining sector willgrow by an average of 2.6 percent annually. This will provide anestimated 147,000 new jobs. Labor absorption will be primarily insmall scale and cooperative mining operations.

The mining sector produces coal and minerals as well as oiland natural gas. Production targets for soal and minerals during

38

Repelita VI are 71 million tons of coal, +O,bOO tons of tin, 2.75million tons of nickel ore, 11,000 tons of ferrous nickels, 50,000tons of matte nickel, I million tons of bauxite, 1.8 million tons ofcopper concentrate,70,600 kilograms of gold, 143,000 kilogramsof silver, and 340,000 tons of laterite. The oil production target isto maintain the production of oil and condensate at 547 .5 millionbarrels per year. Natural gas production is 'expected to be 2,960billion cubic feet annually. LNG and LPG production are expectedto reach 28 million and 3.5 milliorr tons per yail, respectively.

In.order to reach these targets, mining development policiesare geared towards developing information systems on geology andmineral resources; improving production and processing capabili-ties; increasing diversification of mining products; and developingsupport systems for improving the efficiency of mining operations-- including the development of human resources and expandingthe ab i l i ty to u t i l i ze new technology; as wel l as creat ing afavorable investment climate.

Forestry

Forestry development during Repelita VI wil l be geared

towards improving people's welfare and conserving forests.

'fhe primary objective of forestry development during RepelitaVI is to preserve the 92.4 million hectares of protected naturalforests. Through' pieservation and conservation of forests,opt imum and long- las t ing product ion can be ach ieved. In

conjunction with forestry development, efforts will be made toimprove the welfare of the poor people l iving in and aroundforests.

39

The production target for logs during Repelita vI is 1gg.3million cubic meters. Production at this level ensures continuityand provision of basic materials for the industry and for localconsumption in sufficient quantities. The targets for the non-timber products are about I.4 million tons of rattan, 364,000 tonsof sap, 29,800 tons of tengkawang tree, 30,000 tons of sago flour,

.and 788.6 million cubic ineters of firewood.

In order to achieve the above targets the policies for forestrydevelopr.nent are aimed at stabilizing protected forest regions;improving the quality and productivity of forests;. improving themanagement of forests and forest development programs;improving the processing of forest products; and diversifying theproduction of forest products. Other policies are directed towardslessening poverty and raising income levels of people living inforest areas; expanding the role of the cooperatives, small- andmedium-size businesses in forestry development; and preservingthe forests.

National Enterprises

. The development of national enterprises, comprising coopera-tives, state enterprises and private enterprises, will be gearedtowards becoming the main engine for strengthening the nationaleconomy, furthering economic growth, and to more evenlydistribute the activities and benefits of development. In additiondevelopment of domestic enterprises will encourage cooperationatnong businesses of all sizes and creation of business linkagesamong sectors and sub-sectors.

The objectives for the development of national enterprisesduring Repelita vI are to strengthen informal, traditional and

40

small-size businesses; to expand employment in small- and medi-um-size businesses, and in so doing to increase value-added andeconomic growttr. Development is also aimed at improving mutu-ally supportive and beneficial business relationship and partnershipamong'businesses of all sizes.

The development of state-owned enterprises will be gearedtowards improving their efficiency, effectiveness, and productivityso that they can assume an insreasrngly important roie as businesspioneers and provide stability for the national economy.

In order to achieve these objectives, certain policy measureswil l be adopted, which include improving the organizationalstructure of the private sector, improving the capability of small-and medium- scale businesses, improving the competitiveness ofdomestic businesses, improving the distributionof investment, aswell as improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and prodgctivity of'state enterprises.

Tourism

The development of tour ism wi l l be geared towardsstrengthening the sector in order to enhance its ability to generateernployment opporhrnities, increase incomes, expand regional andhational government revenue, and improve foreign exhangeearnings.

The target for tourism development during Repelita vI is toincrease the number of foreign tourists by an average of L2.9percent per year. In the final year of Repelita VI it is expectedthat 6.5 million foreign tourists will visit Indonesia. This ,isexpected to generate foreign exchange earnings of approximately

4l

US$8.9 billion. Domestic tourism is expected to increase by 1.6percent per year, and reach in the final year of Repelita VI 84.2million visiiors. Revenues from domestic tourists are expected togenerate about 9 trillion rupiah in 1988/89.

In order to reach these targets tourism developmgnt pdlic]measures include efforts to strengthen the tourism sector andimprove its competitiveness, to develop tourism areas, nation'r*ide,and to broaden the participation of the communigy'ini'tourismdevelopment activities.

Post and Telecommunications

The development of the post and telecommunications sectorwill be directed towards improving its capability, efficiency,. andreliabiliry as well as its ability to utilize technology.

The objectives for the development of the postal system duringRepelita VI are to improve its quality and efficiency, to diversifyservices, to mechanize and automate postal services. By the end ofRepelita VI, all sub-district capitals and 40 percent of all villagesare expected to have postal service faciliiies.

In order to achieve these objectives, policies:will be pursuedthat will be geared towards improving efficiency and quality ofservice. This wil l be done by improving the quality of humanresources and the provi.sion of technology, as well as throughe*pansion of the role of cooperatives and the private sector in theprovision of postal services.

42

Objectives for telecommunications during Repelita VI are toimprove the quality of service and to provide an additional 5million telephone connections. Telephone density will increase tojust under 4 telephones per 100 people. It is estimated that by ttreend of Repelita VI telecommunication service will be available inall district and sub-district capitals as well as in half of all villages

In order to achieve these objectives policy measures will begeared towards improving the distribution and coverage of serv-ice, improving the efficiency and quality of service, increasing theparticipation of cooperatives and the private sector, expandingtelecommunications industries, expanding utilization of tire radiofrequency spectrum and satellite orbits, improving the quality ofhuman resources in telecommunications, and improving specialtelecommunications and telecommunications for defense andsecurity.

Cooperatives

The development of cooperatives will be geared towardsimproving the capability of cooperatives so that they can becomeefficient business enterprises and the mainstay of a strong people'seconomy.

Objectives for the development of cooperatives during Repeli-ta VI are to further improve the quality of human resources forcooperatives, especially in the areas of management and organiza-tion of cooperatives; to encourage and expand active participationamong members; to improve the uti l ization, development, andmastery of appropriate technology; to strengthen the system ofcapital provision for cooperatives; and to strengthen ties to thebusiness network.

43

In order to achieve these objectives, certain policy measureswill be adopted which will improve access to markets, expand

linkages to other businesses, improve access to information,simplify licensing procedures, improve access to and utilization of

capital, improve the organizational and management capabilities,an$ expand access to technology and improve the ability to utilizeir.

Regional Development

Regional development as an integral part of national devel-

opment wil l be geared towards more balanced inter-regionalgrowth and more equal distribution of growth between urban and

rural areas, expanded access to isolated areas and'accelerateddevelopment in the eastern part of Indonesia. Implementation of

development activities and programs will be suited to regionalpriorities. Attempts will be made to optimally develop regionalpotentials.

The objectives for regional development during Repelita VIare to further regional autonomy, with an emphasis on increasingresponsibility and authority at the district level; to distributegrowth among regions and between urban and rural areas in suchway that the achievement of national development objectives isbalanced among areas; and to further the coordination of develop-ment among sectors and regions as well as between them.

Efforts to increase economic growth in provinces with rela-tively low per capita income, namely East Timor, Maluku, IrianIaya, Jambi, Bengkulu, West Kalimantan and Southeast Sulawesi,will be accelerated. In order to become comparable to otherregions, growth rates for these provinces need to be higher thanfor the country as a whole.

To achieve the above objectives, the government,s regionaldevelopment policies are to increase.the level of decentralization.and local autonomy; to increase the harmony of inter-regionalgrowth; to increase the integration of regional and sectoraldevelopment programs; to increase government services to thecommunity; to'develop active participation of the community indevelopment; to establish the role of spatial planning in regionaldevelopment; to develop local culture; and to develop the use ofapplied technology.

other integrated policies are to improve the service to thecommunity through deregulation measures at the provincial andlocal levels in order to create an attractive business climate and toenhance regional economic activities.

During Repelita vI, support for development projects throughthe Inpres Program, will be improved through decentralization ofauthority and tesponsibility and by carefully considering andaddressing the needs of isolated areas and other regions with spe-cial characteristics.

Marine

The ocean provides Indonesia with food, energy, transporta-tion connections, a medium for industrial activities, and a field fordefense and security. Marine development will be geared towardseffective utilization of marine resources and seabeds as well as ofnational marine territories, such as the Exclusive Economic Zone.in a harmonious and balanced manner.

The objectives of marine development during Repelita vI areto strengthen, expand and broaden the distribution of marine

45

industries and business. The development of shipping industries

wil l be geared towards building and repairing ships of up to

100,000 dead weight tons (DWT). Off-shore building indusries

are expected to be capable of constructing off-shore buildings at

depths of up to 300 meters. An additional goal is to provide

mapping and information services.

In order to achiele the above objectives, main policies will be

adopted to facilitate upholding of sovereignty and national

jurisdiction, effective utilization of marine resources and seabeds;

improvement in the standard of living for fishermen; development

and distribution of marine industries; collection and provision of

marine data and informat ion and development of a marine'

geographic iniormation system; and to protect marine life.

Aerospace

Aerospace dwelopment witl be geared towards the upholding

of sovereignty and effective utilization of territorial airspace. It

will be aimed at attainment of international recognition of airspace

rights as wel l as the mastery of science and technology by

aerospace indfistries.

The objectives for aerospace development during Repelita VI

are to establish a national aerospace institution, to resolve issues

concerning national airspace, to resolve issues in an international

forum concerning g"eo-stationary orbits (GSO), and to ratify

various international conventions.

The objectives for the development of aerospace technology

during Repelita VI are to improve the mastery of aerospace tech-

nology, to engineer and to produce an airplane with a carrying

46

capaeity of 50-80 passengers, to create a national remote sensing

information service, to provide a geographic base map of Indonesia

for use in development activities, and to enhance the capability to

support a navigational system. Other objectives are to develop a

national remote sensing information service, to develop the

capability to design a data processing system, to complete wind

and solar energy maps, to design and produce hardware and

software for development of wind and solar enefgy, and to

improve meteorological forecasting capabilities .

In order to achieve these objectives, policy measures are to begeared towards upholding sovereignty over the national airspace;

expanding aerospace capabilities; meeting the demand for airtransportation services; and improving flight safety, and ensuring

the conservation of airspace enviro functlon

Finance

Financial development during Repelita VI will be geared

towards improving the capability, utilization and facilities of

financial institutions as well as formulating financial policies to

support development programs. This can be achieved through

strengthening of financial institutions and mobilizing national

savings as a main source of development funding.

The objectives of financial development during Repelita VI

are to obtain funding for development activities and for broader

distribution of those activities, to further economic growth and

economic stability. In order to achieve these objectives, private

savings, government savings and foreign net funds are expected to

reach 454.1 trillion rupiah, 169.4 trillion rupiah and 36.6 trillion

rupiatr, respectively-by the.end of the five-year period. ':

47

To these objectives fiscal, monetary and balance of paymentpolicy measures will beadopted. Fiscal policy measures includefurther development of a taxation system, optimization of routineexpenditures, utilization of foreign loans, cinhancement of theeffectiveness of development expenditures, and improving thedistribution of development benefits.

Monetary policy measures will be geared towards expandingprivate savings, creating price stability, improving the efficiency offlnancial institutions, improving the effectiveness of financialdistribution, and improving the quality of human resources in thearea of financial management.

Balance of payment policy measures include increasing ex-ports, improving the efficiency of the stock exchange, increasingthe productive utilization of domestic capital and foreign loans,creating a climate to attract capital investment, ild maintaining thestability of the rupiah.

Transmigration

Transmigration development will be directed towards improv-ing the standard of living for people relocating to transmigrationareas. It will be directed towards supporting efforts to balanceregional development, expanding employment and businessopportunities, strengthening national integration efforts byadhering to regional development and spatial plans, ffid protectingand conserving the environment.

The main objectives of transmigration development duringRepetita VI are to give stronger motivatiqr for spontaneoustransmigration; to give.easier access from transigration areas to

48

market locatioru; to increase the transmigrant's income in an effortto generate savings for business diversification; to develop variousbusiness activities in order to achieve people's welfare; and toimprove the transmigrants' welfare as well hs the pdople living inthe surrounding areas

fire development rarget for Repelita vI is to relocate 600,000families. of these, 250,000 are expected. to be spontaneoustransmigrants and 350,000 ful ly or part ia l ly subsidizedtransmigrants. One thousand two hundred new settlements are tobe opened on an area which covers around 500 thousand hectaresof land. Roads, housing, water supply and sanitation facilitieswill be provided at each site.

Transmigration policy wilt be directed towards encouragingtransmigration to the eastern part of Indonesia; supporting regionaldevelopment; alleviating pove4y, stimulating spontaneous migra-tion; developing agro-business, agro-industrial and other enter-prises in transmigration areas; and strengthening the institutionalframework of the transmigration program in order to improve itsefficiency and effectiveness.

Energy

Energy development during Repelita vI will be directedtoward encouraging economic activities and promoting nationalwelfare by meeting the demand for energy with high quality serv-ice. Electric power development will support economic activitiesand welfare both in urban areas and in nrral areas.

fire goals of national energy development in Repelita vI areto increase the share of non-oil energy, particularly natural gs,

49

coal, and renewable energy. Targets to be met by the end of

Repelita VI include: totat oil fuel consumption of 360.0 million

Barrel Oil Equivalent (BOE); avefage oil production of 1.515

mill ion barrels per day; oil refining.capacity of 1.042 mil l ion

barrels per day; total natural gas consumption of 162.6 million

BOE; LNG and LPG production of 28.0 million and 3.4 million

tons respectively; construction of 2,060 kilometers of natural gas

pipel ines; an increase in coal product ion of 71 mi l l iqn tons;

utilization of 4.8 million tons of coal brickettes for'household

consumption; Substitution of coal brickettes for 30 percent of the

kerosene used by households; utilization of geothermal energy of

12.0 mil l ion BOE; preparation of an electric power system

connecting Java and Sumatera; achieving a riational electrification

ratio of 60 Vo; achieving a village elertrification ratio of 79 percent;

and an energy conservation rate of 15 percent.

In order to reach these goals, policids will be initiated to

improve energy supplies, to improve energy efficiency and conser-

vation, to develop energy facilities and'infrastructure' to improve

institutional functions relating to energl, to bnhance the quality of

human resources and technology transfer in the field of energYo to

enhance participation, and to raise environmental awareness.

With these policy measures, national energy consumption per

US$ 1 million of GDP will decrease from 3,115 BOE in L994195

to 2,812 BOE in 1998199 .

One widely used source of energy is electric power. There

are two main programs for electric power development: the elec'

tric power expansion program and the rural electrification pro-

gram.

50

The electric power expalrsion program is designed to meet the

increasing demand for electricity nationwide. During Repelita VI'

hydro-power and thermal-power electricity generating facilities

with a total capacity of 9 ,522 megawatts wil l be completed.

Construct ion of 10,548 kmc transmission l ines and 30,406

megavoltamperes substations will also be completed.

The rural electrification program is aimed at improving equlty

in the distribution of electriciry in order to improve tlig intelligence

and welfare of rural inhabitants. Electrification is planned for

18,619 iittages during Repelita VI. The demand for electricity in

remote villages will be met by the existing distribution lines,

construction of new mini-hydro power plants with a tota! capacity

of 10.5 MW and the cohstruction of diesel power plants with a

total capacity of 40,0 MW. To support the rural electrification

program , 61,776 kmc medium voltage distribution l ines and

104,847 kmc low voltage distribution lines will be built. With

these facilities an additional 6.5 million rural consumers can be

supplied with electricity by the end of Repelita VI.

Environment

The development of the environment will be directed towards

balancing natural resource use and population growth to ensure

sustainable national development. The development of the envi-

ronment will be aimed at developing measures for' conservation

and sustainable use of natural resorrrces, at rehabilitating areas that

have been damaged, and at conffolling pollution and protecting the

environment.

51

The objectives for the development of environment duringRepelita VI are to inventory and identify natural resources; todetermine damage levels in environmentally sensitive areas, tomaintain conservation areas, protected forests, river basin areas,biodiversity, coral reefs, and mangrove swamps; to establish amore eff ic ient and effect ive inst i tut ional f ramework forenvironmental management; to control air and water pollution; toimplement a pollution control and 6lean up program for the 101most heavily polluted rivers in Indonesia; to mitigate damage tocoastlines; and to rehabilitate soil in critical areas.

In order to reach these objectives, policy measures will beadopted which are geared towards developing a system for select-ing development sites in areas that are not environmentally sensi-tive; reduciltg industrial and hazardous waste; controlling pollu-tion; conserving and rehabilitating natural resources and the envi-ronment; strengthening thb institutional framework for environ-mental management; expanding public awareness and participation;and improving the quality of human resources in the area ofenvironmental management.

2. GENERAL PLIBLIC WELEARE, EDUCATION AI\DCIJUTTJRE

Social Welfare

The development of social welfare will be carried out by thegovernment and the community in an effort to increase equity andlmprove the capacity of and the opportunity for all citizens toparticipate in development and to lead a dignified life.

iz

The physical targets for social welfare development duringRepelita vI are to provide services and care for 225,O00seniorcitizens; to provide assistance to 230,000 disabled pbople, 4g,300households in isolated areas, 202,300 households below thepoverty line, and 450,000 neglected children; and to providetraining for 23,000 'karang taruna' youth organizations, 4,100social ilrganizations and 62,000 social welfare p€rsonnel. Inaddition, social welfare'development is expected to rehabilitate15,000 juvenile delinquents qnd drug abusers as weil as 31,000people who are socially deprived

In addition to the above targets, efforts wil l be'made toimprove the ability of communities to function in the eyent of anational disaster through the provision of equipment and trainingto operate the equipment; and to map disaster-prone a'reas andutilize the information in land use and spatial planning activities.

To reach the above targets, certain policy measures will beadopted which are directed at caring for people living in poverfy,neglected children, hnd isolated groups; providing treatment andrehabilitation for the disabled, juvenile delinquents and narcoticabusers; and expanding community participation in social welfareactivities. Policies for disaster mitigation include improving thevigilance and readiness of communities and local governmentagencies in disaster-prone areas, continuing the.mapping ofdisaster-prone areas, improvement of capability to master andutilize technology for disaster iletection, and,improvement ofsearch and'rescue capabilities. .

Education

Education is a vehicle for the development of people, both as

human and as manpower resources for development. Through

educat ion, i t is expected that Indonesians wi l l develop the

capability for utilizing, developing, and mastering the science and

technology required to support economic and socio-cultural

development. During Repelita VI, national education wil l be

geared towards improving the quality and equity of education --

both basic and vocat ional educat ion to meet nat ional

developrnent goals

The objectives of education development during Repelita VI

are to strengthen national education in order to develop people who

have faith in Almighty God, have knowledge and skil ls , ate

physically .and mentally healthy, are self-reliant, and understand

their social and national responsibilities. These objectives will be

achieved by .improving the quality of education and by extending

vocational and skills training. An additional objective is to improve

the link between education and employment opportunities.

In the context of equi table distr ibut ion of educat ional

opportunities, the targets in Repelita VI are to increase the gross

participation rates at all levels. In primary education it is estimated

that the gross participation rate will rise from 10? lpercent

to

114.9 percent; in junior secondary education from 52.7 percent to

66.zpercent; in senior secondary education from 33.2 percent to

40.5 percent; and in higher education from 10.5 percent to l2'8

percent.

The above figures on primary and junior secondary school

enrollment are based on the estimation that the number of students

54

enteri. irg the primary education system wil l reach29.4 mil l ion,consisting of 25.9 million primary school students and 3.5 millionIslamic primary school students. Children aged 7-12 who do notenter the education system will decrease from around 1 million inL9g3lg4 to about 666,000 in 1998/99, and the number of peoplewith an elementary level education will rise considerably. For thisreason, the absorption capacity of the middle school system mustbe increased by 1 .8 million students during Repelita VI.

Targets for non-formal education during Repelita VI are toreduce the illiteracy rate among the population aged 10-years andover.by 10 percent and to increase the number of qualified teachers

":"1 levels.

. : 'In order to reach the above targets, certain policies will be

adopted, which include implementation of a Nine-Year UniversalBasic Education Program, development of general and vocationalschools'training of teachers and other personnel, curriculum andtextboo'k development, provision of facilities and infrastructures,promotion of community participation, and improvement in theefflciency and effectiveness of education programs.

The key component of the educational program duringRepelitaVl is the Nine-Year Universal Basic Education Program.Basic education is to be made available [o everybne, includingch i ld rdn l iv ing in remote areas. The pace o f programimplementation will be in aicordance with the government's andthe people's capabilities. In addition, gradual abolition of schoolfees, abolit ion of requirements for entering middle school, andintroduction of a program to subsidize the education of outstanflingstudents from economically deprived families will take place. Theprogram will be supported by the construction of new buildings,

55

especially in remote and backward areas and transmigration areas,and rehabilitation of old buildings

To support the implementation of the Nine-Year Basic Educa-

tion progratn, facilities and infrastructures for middle schools willgradually be expanded tlirough addition of new building units and

classrooms as well as rehabilitation of existing buildings. Forschools in remote areas, housing will be provided for headmastersand teachers.

A skills enhancement and training program will be developedfor middle school students through ttre introduction of local content

to the curriculum and/or extra-curricular activities in ways suitedto the local needs and conditions.'The skills'enhancement progrurm

wi' l l be directed towards developing job.skil ls and preparing

students to enter the labor force.

To widen the opportunity for disaUibO and handicappedchildren to obtain education, the following activities will be carriedout in Repelita VI: construction of new class-rooms, rehabilitationof existing schools, provision of additional teaching facilities,development of curriculum, and provision of more teachers,particularly specially trained teachers for the handicapped.

To cope .with the increasing demand for national fievelopmentactivities and for advancing science and technology, the quality andaccessibility of education opportunities at the senior secondarylevel and higher levels will be improved. Tttis effort will involve:retraining and upgrading teachers, lecturers and faculty members,improving the teaching and learning process, and providingadditional educational infrastructure and teaching facilities. Inaddition, research activities and community extension services willbe promoted as part of the university's curriculum.

56

Culture

The development of national culture is intended to providemeaning to all dimensions of national development. Nationalculture improves the standard and quality of the people, theidentity and personality of the nation, strengthens national dignityand pride, and solidifies national unity. In developing nationalculture, there is a need to nurture local cultural values which arenoble and civilized, as well as to absorb positive values fromforeign culture which can enrich domestic culture.

The qbjective of national cultural development during RepelitavI is to create a strong national identity, a national personality, asense of integrity and unity, and national pride. Cultural enrich-ment must include creation of modern and independent attitudesthrough the absorption of science and technologl, whiie simultane-ously filtering out negative influences from other cultures resultingfrom global communication. Increasing the rate of flow anddisseminat ion of informat ion through cul tural exchange --nationally, regionally, and internationally -- will also contribute tonational cultural enrichment.

In this respecto policies are adopted which nurture and developcultural values through development of language and literature,including proper usage of Bahasa Indonesta; improve the qualityof l ibrar ies; develop regional arts; and maintain t radi t ions,h is tor ica l s i tes , and museums to improve the secur i ty andprotection of the cultural heritage and the role of museums as anarena of research and culfural education.

57

Health

Health development during Repelita VI is geared towardsimproving the quality and accessibil i ty of health services for

improving the health and nutritional status qf the community.Health development is also directed towards improving the qualtty

of human resources and the quality of life, as reflected in lifeexpectancy, improving the welfare of families and the community,

and enhancing people's awareness concerning the importance ofgood health. Special attention will be paid to low income groups inurban slums and in rural areas, people in remote and isolatedareas, and people in transmigration areas.

Health development during Repelita VI is also directedtowards: the improvement of individual and family behavior whichcontributes'to good health; adopting the norm of small, happy andprosperous families; improving the quality of the environment andhuman settlements so as to nurture good health; the improvement

of nutritionai status to increase physical capabihty, 'intelligence

andworking productivity; reduction of morbidity, disabil i ty andmortality; and improved access to quality, affordable health

services which serve the entire community.

Some important objectives of health development duringRepelita VI are:

a. The infant mortality rate. is expected to decrease from 58to 50 per 1,000.1ive births.

b. Life expectancy at birth is expected to increase from 62.7to 64.6 years.

c. The mortality rate is expected to decrease from 7 .9 to 7 .5per 1,000 people.

58

d. The maternal mortality rate is expected to decrease from425 ta 225 per 100,000 live births.

e. The percentage of children under five suffering frommalnutrition is expected to decrease from 40 to 30 per-cent.

f. The percentage of infants with low birth weight is expect-ed to decrease from 15 to 10 percent.

g. Nutritional anemia due to iron deficiency is expected todecrease to 40 percent for pregnant mothers, 30 percentfor low-income laborers, and 40 percent for childrenunder five.

h. The prevalence of iodine deficiency disorder is expectedto decrease to 18 percent, followed by eradication of newcretinism, and the reduction of the prevalence of vitaminA deficiency in the children under five to 0.1 percent.

To achieve the above objectives, the following policies areadopted : improvement of quality and even distribution of healthservices; improvement of people's nutritional scatus; acceleratingcommunity participation, including the private sector and profes-sional organizations; and the improvement of health management.

The improvement of quality and distribution of health serviceswil l emphasize primary health services, implemented throughcommunity health centers and sub-centers, village midwives, andother medical centers, as well as referral health services throughthe regency hospitals. The main priority is given to eradication ofcommunicable diseases and to preventing the increasing trend ofdegenerative diseases.

To support the poverty alleviation program, health develop-ment will focus on improving access to quality health service for

5 9

poor families, especially young children, pregnant motheis, andold people. Health services for this purpose will concentrate onprimary health care in community health centers and integratedhealth posts, provision of clean water, nutritional improvement,supplementary feeding to under-served primary school children,and environmental sanitation.

Population

Population development consists of efforts to reduce popula-tion growth, improve the quality of the population and families,and direct population distribution to achieve a higher standard ofl iving.

The main objective of population development during RepelitaVI is the reduction of the population growth rate from 1.66 percentin 1993 into 1.51 percent in 1998. This rarger wi l l be achievedthrough reduction of the crude birth rate from 24.5 per 1000population to 22.6 per 1000 population. At this rate, the totalpopulation is estimated to increase from 189.1 million people in1993, consisting of 94.3 million males and 94.8 million females,to 204.4 million people in 1998, consisting of 101.9 million malesand 102.5 million females.

Popula t ion targets wi l l be ach ieved through : improv ingpopulation quality by developing potential; controlling populationquant i ty and growth through fami ly p lann ing; d i rec t ing thedistribution of population in harmony with the capacity of theenvironment and the demand for manpower;'perfecting the popula-tion information system to improve the quality and coverage ofpopulation data; and improving the welfare of the aged by empha-sizing the role of the family in society.

60

Family Welfare

The development of family welfare is basically a part of thedevelopment of human resources which emphasizes the importanceof the family's role in the improvement of human quality.

The family welfare targets are to reduce the total fertility rate(TFR) from 2.87 in 1993 into 2.60 per woman in l99g; improveawareness and participation of society in creating self-reliantattitudes and behavior; and establish a comprehensive familyplanning movement as a basis for further development.

To achieve the above targets, efforts shall be carried out todevelop the resilience of families and improve family quality, toimprove the institutionalization of the family planning movement,and to develop international cooperation in family planning.

Children and Adolescents

The development of children and adolescentseffort to improve the quality of human resourcesings, from fetus to adulthood.

is a part of theand human be-

The targets for children and adolescents during Repelita vIinclude: increasing the number of children with gooO-nutritionalstatus and health; increasing the number of children and adoles-cents entering the nine-year universar basic education program;increasing interest in reading and rearning among children andadolescents; caring for deprived and neglected children; reducingthe juvenile delinquency level and preventing drug abuse, addictivesubs tance use , and na rco t i cs use ; and improv ing pa ren ts ,awareness and role in educat ing and nurtur ing chi ldren andadolescents.

6 l

Pol ic ies for chi ldren and adolescents dur ing Repel i ta VIinclude efforts to improve nutritional and health status; to improve

education; to develop concern for science and technology; to

develop and improve idealism and patriotism; to improve the

capabi l i ty o f se l f -adapta t ion wi th the communi ty and the

environment; to increase the role of family and community in the

nurtur ing of chi ldren and adolescents; and to improve legalprotection of children and adolescents.

Youth

Youth development is directed towards preparing youth to be

a cadre of future national leaders who are disciplined; responsive,

self-reliant, have a high work ethos, and are strong a{rd capable of

fac ing the cha l lenges o f deve lopment . The nur tur ing and

development of youth is directed towards the development of a

sense of responsibil i ty among youth so they can be pioneers in

deVeloping the future of the state and nation.

The objectives of fostering and developing youth in Repelita

VI are: to improve their knowledge and skil ls, as well as their

capabil i ty for uti l izing, developing, and mastering science and

technology; to increase youth participation in the life of society,

the state and the nation on the basis of Pancasila; to enhance the

sense of social togetherness and care for the social and living

environment; to improve the quality of youth as the inheritor of

noble national cultural values, with piety and faith in Almighty

God; and to improve the quality of youth leadership as a cadre for

continuing the national struggle.

In this respect, the policy for the development of youth is

directed towards the expansion of opportunities to obtain education

62

and skills; the improvement of youth participation in all devel-opment sectors in the fields of politics, economics, culture, anddefense and security; the improvement of youth pioneering andleadership; and the improvement of youth institutionalization andorganization.

The Role of Women

The development of women's role as equal partners with menwill be directed towards improving the active participation ofwomen in development. This includes efforts to foster a healthy,prosperous and happy family, as well as the development of chil-dren, adolescents and youth, in the framework of Indonesiansociety. Women, both as citizens and as human resources fordevelopment, have equal rights and obligations with men in allsectors of development.

The targets with respect to developing the role of vromen inRepelita VI are: improving the educational level of women, asshown by decreasing the number of illiterate women, particularlythe "three illiteracies" of the Latin alphabet, Bahasa Indonesia, andbasic knowledge; improving the qualrty of women by enhancingtheir economic participation, development, ffid mastery of scienceand technology; improving women's health, including the health oftheir family, thus enabling women to play a more active role indevelopment; improving the quality and productivity of the femaleIabor force by providing strong and stable legal protection forfemale labor, including protection of their rights and socialwelfare; improving the dual role of women in the development ofthe family and their active participation in society in a harmoniousand balanced manner; developing a more supportive social andcultural climate which upholds women's dignity and statusl and

63

stronger women's organizations and a more active role for womenin national development.

Housing and Human Settlements

Housing and human settlements development is aimed atmeeting the needs of the people for shelter, both in terms of quan-tity and quality, within a healthy environment. The constructionof housing and human settlements must take into account spatialplanning and interrelationships, as well as the integrity of thesurrounding social environment.

The objectives of housing and settlement development inRepelita VI include: better planning and distribution of housingand human settlement infrastructure, with affordable quality andbasic servicbs, particularly for low income people; more efficientand effective management of housing and human settlement devel-opment, which is sustainable and supportive of the environment;improved community participation, including cooperatives, and theprivate sector, in implementing and funding the development ofhousing and human settlement; improved business and employmentopportunities in industries which support housing and human set-tlement development; and the creation of a proper housing andhuman settlement environment, which is clean, healthy, secure,and provided with all necessary facilities.

In physical terms, the target of housing and human settlementdevelopment dur ing Repel i ta VI includes the supply of ap-proximately 500 thousand houses, which consist of very simplecore settlements and houses; improvement of 2I,250 hectares ofslum areas in 125 ci t ies and renovat ibn of an addit ional 750hectares; and renovation of housing and settlements in approxi-

64

mately 20 thousand backward villages. Another aim is the devel-opment of clean water infrastructure with an improved clean waterproduction capacity of approximately 30 thousand litres per secondin urban areas, to service more than 22 million people, and theexpansion of clean water services in the mral areas for more than16.5 million people in22 thousand villages.

The policy adopted for achieving these objectives includes thedevelopment of affordable housing and human settlement for thecommunity at large; the development of housing and settlementswhich are responsive to the envirenment and are sustainable;efforts for.'improving the participation of the'community and thepr ivate sector in the supply of housing and sett lements; thedevelopment of an improved system. of funding for housing andsettlements, particularly to assist low-income people; and effortsfor strengthening the management of housing and human settlementdevelopment in an integrated way.

In implementing the development of affordable housing andhuman settlements, special attention should be paid to the mediumand low income group by encouraging the development of simplehouse together with environmental facil i t ies. Furthermore,improvement in programs for, renovations, relocations andresettlement of slum dwellers will include measures to ensurecontinuity of employment for the original settlers.

Sports

The promotion of sports, an integral part of the effort toimprove human resource quality, will be directed towards improv-ing the physical and mental health of the people, and will be aimedat c reat ing good character and personal i ty , d isc ip l ine, andsportiveness, and achieving national pride.

65

The objectives of sports development during Repelita VI areto improve sports in the community at large and throughout thecountr!; to improve the ranking in Asian Games and to maintainIndonesia's position as the General Champion in SEA GAMES: toimprove gold medal acquisitions at the Olympics; and to create asports training system.

To achieve.thege objectives, a range of policies are adoptedfor, among others, improving sports, i.e. by improving thecommunity's awareness concerning the importance of sports;improving sports achievgments through talent scouting andnurturing from early childhood, monitoring talent and selection ofpotential athletes; and improving the participation of the people

and of the sports organizations.

3.. RELIGION AI\D EAITH IN ALMIGHTY GOD

The development of religious life and faith in Almighty Godwill be geared towards improving the qualify"of faith and piety andthe maintenance of harmony among th? people of the samereligion, and between members of different religions. Religiousdevelopment will serve to improve the awareness of the people oftheir responsibility for strengthening the spiritual, moral andethical foundations of national development.

4, SCTENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Science and technology (S&T) development is directed towardthe improvement of the intellectual level and capability of thenation. S&T development also aims to accelerate the process ofchange, improve productivity and industrial efficiency, expand

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employment opportunities, raise the dignity of the nation, andimprove the people's welfare. Ut i l izat ion, development andunderstanding of science and technology are the main instrumentsof this effort. In addition, raising the level of S&T tinderstaridingmust be in accordance with religious values, national values,sociocultural conditions and the environment.

The objectives of S&T development in Repelita VI are toimprove the abil i ty to uti l ize, to develop and to master S&T.Emphasis wil l be placed on the abil i ty of people r.o car.ry outtechnology transfer, adaptation and change. These efforts will besupported by adequate human resources and infrastructure, and animprovement in educational standards. Additional targets of S&Tdevelopment are to create a more conducive business climate, toincrease creativity, and to enhance production standards. S&Tinstitutions are expected to be better organized and capable ofcarrying out a more effective program of S&T development, and tomake more efficient use of available resources.

S&T development policy will take into account various aspeetsof the development of S&T values and the establishment of S&Tculture within the community; enhancement of research part-nerships; acceleration of progressive manufacturing; improvementof production standards, processes, productivity, efficiency, andinnovation; improvement of the quality, quantity and compositionof human resources; and development of a more effective S&Tor ganaation and management.

5. LA\ry

The development of law will be directed towards the realiza-tion of a national legal system based on Pancasila and the 1945

67

Const i tut ion. Object ives for the development of law dur ingRepelita VI are to organize and improve the national legal system.Policies to achieve this include improving implementation of lawsand regulat ions, improving law enforcement, improving thecapabilities of legal professionals, and improving legal facilitiesand infrastructure.

6. POLITICS, GO\IERI\MENT APPARATUS, INFOR-MATION, COMMTJI\ICATIONS AND TIM, MASSMEDIA

Domestic Affairs

The deve lopment o f po l i t i cs w i l l be a imed at organ iz ingpolit ical l i fe. in accordance with Pancasila and the 1945 Consti-tution.

The objective of political development during Repelita VI is tocreate an atmosphere which fosters the development of a politicalcul ture incorporat ing openness and responsibi l i ty in commu-nicating between the government, political institutions and societyat large.

The mainstay of political development policy is the develop-ment o f e th ics , mora l i ty and po l i t i ca l cu l ture . Th is invo lvesimprov ing the ro le and ' funct ion o f government and po l i t i ca lparties, improving the operation of general elections, and ad-vancing genuine regional autonomy.

Foreign Relations

Relations between Indonesia and other nations are based onthe principles of a free and active foreign pplicy in support of

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nat ional interests. Foreign pol icy wi l l be directed towardsbringing about a new international order based on freedom, peacgand social justice.

Objectives in the field of foreign relations during Repelita VIinc lude the expans ion o f mutua l ly suppor t ive in ternat iona lcooperation in the national interest.

To this end, policies'will be developed aimed ai strengtheninga free and active foreign policy, bringing about a new internationalorder, improving multi lateral and bilateral cooperation bothregional ly and global ly, and improving the role of the Non-Aligned Movement.

The Government Apparatus

The development of the government apparatus constitutes aneffort to improve the administrat ive system. This. includesimproving organization, management, facilities and infrastructure,human resource quality and the welfare of public employees. r!

objectives of government apparatus development duringRepelita vI include improving the management of programs inorder to strengthen human resource development, improve welfare,and create an efficient and effective public administrative systemwhich is responsive to people's needs. The smoothness and integ-rity of the state apparatus in the implementation of its duties shouldalso be further developqd. Services provided by governmentagencies, both at the central and regional levels, should be impro-ved, and the gove[nment apparatus should encourage communityinitiative and participation in national development activities.Particular attention should be paid to those living in poverty.

Policies adopted to improve the quality of the government

apparatus include improving cooperation among governmental

agencies at central and regional levels; improving the management

of development activities, including program planning, budgeting

monitoring and evaluation; developing information systems for use

at central and regional levels; improving the national archive

system; improving the employee administrat ion system; and.

improving the state apparatus by raising the skills, educational

level and professionalism of government employees.

Information, communications and the Mass Media

The development of information, communications and the

mass media should further implementation of the values put forth

in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. It should be done to im-

prove people's awareness, strengthen nat ional resi l ience and

maintain stability.

The development of information and communications systems

and the mass media should facilitate and enhance interactions

among members of the community and well as between the

community and the government in an open and responsible

manner.

The objectives for the development of information and

communications systems and the mass media during Repelita VI

are to promote active community participation in the development

process and to improve the distribution of information to reach a

larger segment of societY.

Some of the policies adopted in pursuit of the objectives are

aimed at disseminating the values of Pancasila; directing the char-I

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acter of development efforts in keeping with,the Pancasila values;and improving people's awareness of their rights and duties asmembers of society. Other policies aim at expanding televisionand radio broadcasts as well as film production; intensifuing pressactivity in a more healthy, free and responsible direction; develop-ing a regional press; developing human resources; and.utilizingadvances in information and communications teghnology.

Information Systems and Statistics

In keeping with the rapid pace of deveropment, an accurateand reliable information system is necessary to administer andmonitor develbpment.

The objectives for the development of information systemsduring Repelita VI are to improve efficiency and productivity in all'sectors

and to develop a multi-sector information system networkwhich is linked both to regional centers and to the rest of theworld. This will contribute to the long term goal of national self-reliance in the field of information.

In order to reach these objectives, policy measures include:developing a system for the.ddministration of information systems,improving capabilities of information technology industries toprovide necessary information, improving the distribution andutilization of information, developing human resources in the fieldof information; and .developing information institutions.

The development of stat ist ics dur ing Repel i ta vI wi l l bedirected towards developing a more integrated and reliable set ofnational statistics which could be used to improve efficiency andproductivity at national, regional and sectoral levels. policies

7t

adopted in pursu. i t of these goals are perfect ing stat ist icaloperations, developing human resources and developing statistical

institutions.

7. DETENSE AI\D SECI.JRITY

The development of state defense and secur i ty wi l l be

directed to improving all aspects of riational defense. An inte-grated Total People Defense and Security System with the armed

forces as the core element, will be capable of maintaining a high

level of readiness to suppoft national stability and control the

strategic env ironment.

The objectives of defense and security'development include:

1) managing all components of state defen'Se and security within

the Total People Defense and Security Sybtem, utilizing science

and technology, organizing and training people- for civil defense'and the protection bf the community; and ]) developing a profes-

sional armed forces which is effective, efficient and modern to

serve both as a defense force and as a socio;political force.

Policies will be adopted to strengthen the concept of civildefense and cornmunity protection, and to administer preliminaryeducation in state defense. Attention will be given to perfectingmethods fo.r training people, improving the welfare of thesoldiers, and raising their professionalism and quality of fightingspirit. The socio-political capability of the armed forces as aninitiator and pioneer in development will be strengthened, alongwith the unity between the armed forces and the people. Thedevelopment of natural and man-made resources, facilities andinfrastructure for state defense and arrangement of defense zonesmust be enhanced. Finally, international cooperation in the fieldof defense and security will be improved.

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C. CROSS SECTORAL DE\TELOPMENT

In addition to development activities which are specific tofields and sectors, there are cross sectoral activities which are to beimplemented in a harmonious, integrated and mutually supportivemanner. Many sectors face challenges and problems in common inthe areas of: human resource development, equitable developmentand poverty alleviation, urban and rural development and spatialand land use planning.

Human Resource Development

During Repelita vI, human resource development is tosupport national and sectoral development activities. The primarygoal of human resource development is to increase the capabilitiesof each individual and thus of the whole of Indonesian society.This wi l l be ref lected in rel ig ious bel iefs; improvements inphysical and mental'heatth; development of knowledge and skills;increased adherence to a productive work ethic; a sense of nationalresponsibility; and increased awareness and understanding of theimportance of preserving natural resources and the ecosystem.other goals include developrnent of a sense of self-reliance,deve lopment o f leadersh ip and ent repreneur ia l sk i l l s , and'increasing the number of national development cadres who havepatriotism, perseverance, initiative, discipline, social awarenessand awareness of their rights and duties.

To effectivOly and efficiently manage human resources, theeffort to develop human resources will be more organized arldintegrated by the end of Repelita VI. There will be an intensifica-tion of efforts to increase. understanding and participation of allmembers of society, including the private sector, in the process of

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human resource development. In addition, legal measures requiredvis a vis human resource development will be determined.

Efforts to develop human resources during Repelita VI will becarried out through four policies: namely, improvement in thequality of life; improvement in the capabilities of human resourcesand their distribution throughout the provinces; improvement in thequality of human resources in such a way that environmentallyfriendly science and technology can be developed and utilized; anddeve lopment o f ins t i tu t ions to suppor t human resourcedevelopment. Human resource development policies will be crosssectoral and fundamental for the consolidation of sectoral policiesand progrirms.

Equitable Development and Poverty Alleviation

In accordance with guiding principles from Pancasila and the1945 Constitution, the 1993 Broad Guideiines of State Policystipulate that national development programs are to be implement-ed country-wide and not just among certain groups or sections ofthe community. Development is to benefit all people.

Equi tab le deve lopment , as an outgrowth o f economicdemocracy, is a development effort based on unity and solidarity.As part of equitable development cooperatives are to be developedas a strong, sound, sel f -rel iant people's economy which canbecome an integral part of the national economy. Equitabledevelopment provides people with equal opportunities to contributetheir labor and talent while simultaneously meeting their basicneeds. Equitable development accelerates the growth of lessdeveloped sectors, communities and regions. Regional economiesare to be developed in a balanced and harmonious manner, within

74

the framework of: national unity. This will be done by fullyutilDing regional potential and furthering community participationin development programs in order to foster a spirit of nationalisrnand to strengthen national resilience. Equitable developmentfurthers tlie development process because it is supported by broad-based coillmuntty participation and fully utilizes people's potential.

The objectives of equity programs in Repelita vI are toincrease the capabilities, self-reliance and strength of the privatesector, including cooperat ives, smal l - and medium-scaleenterprises; to improve the capabil i t ies of local governmentofficials; to further expand regional autonomyi to reduce thedevelopment gap between urban and rural areas; to acceleratedevelopment activities in the eastern part of Indonesia and other.less developed regions; to improve terms of trade for agriculturalcommodities vis a vis service and industrial commodities; and toincrease equity in business and employment opporfunities, incomeand welfare.

The poverty alleviation objective is to reduge the number ofpeople living in absolute poverty to 12 million, or 6To of the totalpopulation, by t998199. The longer term goal is to eliminatepoverty, i.e., to reduce the number of people below the officialpoverty line to zero by the end of Repelita VII. To achieve thisobjective a series of policies have been formulated. They consistof developing the people's economy, reducing the gap betweeneconomic groups, and balancing inter-sectoral and inter-regionaleconomic growttr

In order to improve the people's economy steps will be takento reformulate regulatory measures which affect economic life,including but not limited to land ownership and the rights and

75

duties of employees, including wages and legal assistance. Inaddition, supporting aictions will be taken to simplify proceduresto obtain credit, make investments, pay and collect taxes, gainaccess to markets and information, obtain education and skillstraining, improve management capabi l i t ies, and faci l i tatetechnology transfer. Efforts to prevent the concentrat ioneconomic power will be stepped up. Efforts will also be expandedto establish partnerships between cooperatives, state ownedenterprises and the private sector in order to maximize people'sparticipation and productivity.

To balance inter-sectoral growth, linkages will be createdbetween agricultural, industrial and service sectors for the purposeof providing further support for the agricultural sector. Theseefforts will consist of devising measures to strengthen farmers'bargaining power and increase terms of trade for agriculturalproducts; prOviding necessary facilities and infrastructure; de-veloping support for businesses; and intensifying the transfer oftechnology for agricultural enterprises.

In order"to balance regional growth, measures will be adoptedto advance combined sectoral and regional development programs.Efforts wil l be made to improve community services and toenhance regional economic activities by implementing deregulationmeasures at kabupaten and provincial levels. In addition, efforts toaccelerate development in the eastern part of Indonesia and otherless deve loped reg ions wi l l be in tens i f ied by prov id inginfrastructure for regional economies in accordance with theirpotential and needs. In order for rural rates of development tobecome comparable with those in urban areas, infrastructure inrural areas will be expanded, ffid efforts to in increase communityparticipation in the development process will be intensified.

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During Repelita vI, efforts to alleviate poverty will bestrengthened through a special program, Inpres Desa Tertinggal(IDT). The purpose of this program is to lessen or eradieatepoverty in villages. Through this Inpres program, sectoral andregional programs operating at the village level will be combinedto maximize their impact on poverty alleviation.

Rural and Urban llevelopment

In the implementation of national and regional developmentprograms, urban and rural areas are linked to form an interrelatedsystem. The connection between rural and urban arels can be seenin the flow of raw materials, semi-finished products and labor fromrural to urban areas and the provision of basic services, productsand markets for rural areas. The mutually beneficial relationshipbecomes the basis for harmonious growth in both urban and ruralareas.

urban development activities will be improved through coor-dinated planning efforts which take into consideration spatialarrangement, population growth, human settlement environmentsand the natural environment. Rural development wi l l beencouraged through improved coordination of sectoral, humanresource, and natural resource development activities, as well asby creating an atmosphere conducive to growttr o.'y encouraging thedevelopment of initiatives and community participation. In ruraland urban development, efforts will be made to further sectoralgrowth by taking into account rural-urban linkages.

By observing the chaiacteristics of urban and rural areas,implementation of development programs will differ in accordancewith local conditions and problems. Attention to local diversity

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necessitates more coordinated and integrated management ofdevelopment. Both the need to address local conditions and forbetter coordinated management of development activities willbecome important in the implementation of development programs

in rura l and urban areas. Harmony and cohes iveness indevelopment of sectors in urban and rural areas are needed toensure achievement objectives.

The goal of urban development activities for Repelita VI is tomore effectively and efficiently manage urban development. Inpursuit of this, urban spatial planning and land administrationmanagement should take place in a more orderly and. fair manner.This is to be supported by increasingly autonomous local govern-ment institutions. Stronger partnerships will be forged betweenlocal governments and communities as well as with the private

sector in order to manage urban development. This will be donethrough commfunity organization and self-supporting institutions.Additional aims are to improve social welfare -- measured inincreases in per capita income -- and quality of l i fe; to alleviateurban povertyd and to improve environmental quality.

To achieve these aims, various policy measures have beenadopted including efforts to develop and stabilize urban systems; toincrease urban capabil i ty and productivity; to improve humanresource development; to strengthen urban institutions and finan-cial capability; to institutionalize the integrated urban developmentp lann ing; to improve urban deve lopment regu la t ions; and toimprove environmental qual ity.

During Repel i ta VI the aims of rural development are toimprove the qual i ty of human resources, ref lected in r is ingp rosper i t y , r i s i ng educa t i on l eve l s and i nc reased sk i l l s ; t o

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strengthen the rural economy through diversified production; tostrengthen and expand the provision of facilities and infrastructure;to expand awareness of the environment among rural people; toimprove the functioning of rural governments and institutions; toguarantee legal land ownership or secure use rights in accordancewith local laws and traditions; and to alleviate rural poverty.

.Rural development laws will be directed towards improvinglabor force quality; improving production capability; improvingand expanding rural facil i t ies and infrastructures; instituting anintegrated regional development approach; and strengthening localgovernment and local community institutions.

Spatial Planning and Land Management

With the increases in population and development activities,natural resources especially land and water are becoming increas-ingly scarce. Spatial planning and land management are tools toensure sustainable development and, to as great a degree aspossible, even distribution of wealth. Through spatial planningand land management, use of natural resources can be optimized.Spatial planning also prevents clashes of interest in the use ofspace.

The objectives of spatial planning and land management forRepelita VI are to provide an information system to support landuse planning and spatial planning activities; to increase awarenessand participation of communities and businesses in spatial planningand land management activities; to create a high quality institutionsto support spatial planning and land management; and to integratethe planning and utilization of areas for social, economic and secu-rity purposes.

In order to achieve these objectives, basic policy measureswhich are to be undertaken include furthering institutionalizationby establishing strong management organizations with clearlyspecif ied duties, authority and responsibil i t ies; improving thecapabi l i t ies of of f ic ia ls involved in spat ial p lanning and landmanagement activit ies at both the national and regional levels;introducing spatial planning and collaborative land management tocommunity and business groups; strengthening the use of spatialplanning as a guide for national and regional development withspec ia l a t tent ion to fas t deve lop ing and s t ra teg ic areas;strengthening control over the exploitation of areas, includingsafeguarding important government owned assets; and improvinginformation systems.

D. DEVELOPMENT FINAI{CING

National development is implemented over a twenty-five yeartime horizon, and in stages embodying five year time horizons.Over these time periods, the resources of the entire nation must bemobilized to realize the objective of national development based onthe principles of self-reliance, unity, justice, and equity. Withrespect to development f inancing, particular emphasis wil l beplaced on the principle of self-reliance, reflerting confidence in ourability and strength to develop the nation and forge a modernnational identity.

In order to achieve the development objectives in Repelita VIand PJP II, a great deal of investment will be required. Financingmust therefore be mobilized from all possible sources so thatdevelopment can proceed smoothly. On the basis of the principleof self-reliance, efforts witl be made to ensure that the share oftotal investment f inanced domestically rises over t ime. Conse-quently, the level of domestic saviflgs, both from the government

80

and the private sector, must be increased. Efforts to enhance taxcompliance must also be improved. Neverthbless, in view of thelimited capability for mobilizing domestic saviogs, it is necessaryto obtain foreign funds as a supplement to domestic funds, eventhough the share of foreign funding wilt continue to fail.

Domestic private investment levels must be increased, alongwith foreign direct investment. Investment effrciency and produc-tivity must also be raised. Accelerated investment in infrastrucnrremust be achieved as part of this.

l. fnvestmentRequirements

over'the five year period of Repelita vI, it has been estimatedthat Rp 660.1 trillion worth of investment funds will be required tomeet the development targets, particularly the 6.2 perce-nt averageannual economic growth target. This is roughly 80 percent higherthan the total realized investment during Repelita v, and impliesthat investment funds must grow at an average annual rate of ll.spercent per annum, and that the ratio of investment to nationalproduct will reach 30.7 percent by the end of Repelita VI.

Development funds are expected to come from varioussources, both foreign and domestic. In accordance with,the IggjGBHN, the primary source of funds must be domestic. This willrequire a concerted effort to mobilizb both government and privatesector savings. Efforts to incfease the efficiency of investment andto encourage an active . role for the people must be also be intensi-fied. These efforts are essential for accelerating the rate ofdevelopment, particularly given the climate of uncertainty and'thescarcity of funds in the coming years.

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To increase investment eff iciency, it wil l be necessary toreduce the amount of investment needed for each additional unit ofoutput. This will make it possible to reach the economic growthtarget despite limited resources. With. greater efficiency, a higherrate of growth can be attained from a given level of investment.

In the context of enhancing people's participation in economicdevelopment, it is necessary to give further attention to thedevelopment of small and medium scale enterprises, includingcooperatives. This is important in order to maintain a healthycompetitive climate and competitive markets. Efforts to encourageinvestment must be continuously matched by efforts to attain equityand balance between different sized economic units.

2. Sources of Investment Funds

The sources of investment funds are domestic savings andforeign funding. In Repelita VI, domestic savings are expected toreach Rp 623.5 trillion, while.foreign funding should reach Rp36.6 trillion. Foreign funding comprises both private as well asforeign government funding, and is a net concept calculated aftertaking into account repayment of foreign debt. Based on thesbestimates, the share of domestic savings in total investment isexperted to rise from 92 percent to around 94.5 percent. Accord-ingly, the share of foreign funding will decline from 8 percent to5.5 percent. As a ratio of national product, domestic savings willrea0h 28.9 percent and foreign funding will reach 1.8 percent bythe end of Repelita VI.

Efforts to raise investment efficiency will include steps tocontinue the process of deregulation and debureaucratization, aswell as efforts to fully uti l ize existing capacity. Investment

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efficiency can also be raised by improving and consolidatinggovefirment and private sector institutions.

Enhancing the active participation of the people is essential inorder to accelerate the rate of development. To this end,investment activities that are carried out by the people throughprivate businesses will be encouraged. Measures for creating aconducive climate for investment will be developed through theconstruction of economic infrastructure, and by enhancing thequality of Indonesia's human resources. Efforts to acceleratepopular participation will be encouraged through improvements inthe laws regulating capital investment, both domestic and foreign.Fuithermore, simplificatio.n in the procedures for new investment,expansion of existing capacity, and access to economic fesourcesand factors of production, will also be encouraged.

Domestic savings consist of government savings arid privatesector savings. In Repelita VI, government savings are projectedto increase by an average rate of 10.3 percent per annum, and toreach a level of Rp 1,69.4 trillion. firis amounts to 25.1 percent oftotal required investment. In terms of the national product, theshare of government savings will be 7.9 percent. The increase ingoveflrment savings will come primarily from domestic revenues,which wil l increase at an average annual rate of 13 percent.Government savings here is a gross concept, representing thedifference between total do.mestic revenues and routineexpenditures after taking into account interest payments on foreigndebt, but excluding amortization payments.

Private savings include savings from private businesses andindividuals, and savings of state enterprises and the regionalgovernments. These savings will be used to finance investment

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carried out by the savers themselves, or will be channelled throughfinancial institutions to investors. In Repelita VI, private savings

are expecled to reach Rp 453.4 trillion, which amounts to 68.8percent of total required investment and 2l percent of natiorialproduct.

In Repelita VI, various efforts will be made to improve the

foreign trade'balance in order to reduce'dependence on foreign

borrowing. Exports of goods are expected to increase at an

average rate of 13.7 percent per annum, mostly as a result ofgrowing non-oil/gas exports, which are expecte4 to reach an

averagq annual growth rate of 16.8 percent. The growth rate of oil

and gas exports is expected to average 0.8 percent per yeat.

Imports of goods are expected to grow at an average rate of I4.3

percent per annum, with non-oil/gas imports growing at 15.0

percent per annum and oil and gas imports growing at 7 .9 percent

per annum. The increasb in'non-oil/gas imports is mainly to meet

the demand for capital goods, intermediate goods, and raw materi-

als indtfced by the continuous expansion of investment activity.

Meanwhile, net foreign exchange expenditures for services are

estimated to increase by an average of 8.7 percent per year, with

non-oil/gas service expenditures rising by 10.5 percent and oil/gas

service expendinrres rising by 3.2 percent pPr ygar.

Base on the estimates above, it is expected that the average

current account deficit will be around US$ 3.1 billion per yearr or

around 1.3 percent of national product. In Repelita VI the current

account deficit is expected to. total US$ 15.6 billion, and must be

covered by capital inflows

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3. Macroeconomic Policies

Macroeconomic policies relating to government finance,monetary affairs and the balance of payment are important forensuring the realization of national development objectives. InRepelita VI macroeconomic policies are directed. at attaining asufficiently high rate of bconomic growth, while at the same timeenhancing equity and maintaining economic s:ability.

Public Finance

Fisca l po l ic ies in Repel i ta v I w i l l s t i l l be based on thebalanced and dynamic bidget principle which allow for the crea-tion of a developmert reserve fund. The balanced budget require-ment implies that the National State Budget must reflect a balancebetween revenues and expenditures, while the dynamic budgetconcept implies that the total size of the State Budget must contin-uously increase in order to maintain the momentum of develop-ment. Formation of a development reserve fund can proceedduring periods when government revenues exceed planned expendi-tures, and it can be used in periods when state revenues fall shortof the planned amount or are insufficient to support the implemen-tation of the planned progrirms. The devetopment reserye fund canalso be used for supporting programs that are of an urgent nature.The availability of a development reserve fund will ensure thecontinuity of development funding and help maintain economicstability.

The policy target of government finance in Repelita vI is toincrease the capability of government funding, mainly by enhanc-ing domestic revenue capabilities, particularly taxes. Increased

domestic revenues will both improve the state financing structure,and reduce reliance on financing from abroad. In addition,increased tax revenues will further reduce dependence on oil andgas revenue. Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of routineand development expenditures is also an important policy target.

In Repelita VI, the National State Budget is expected to reachRp 443.5 trillion. Revenue from domestic sources is expected toreach Rp 382.0 trillion, with the rernaining Rp 61.5 trillion comingfrom foreign aid. Routine expenditures are expected to reach267 .6 trillion and development expenditures are expected to reachRp 175.9 trillion.

The budget estimates in Repelita VI are based on assumptionsabout the economic growth rate, the inflation rate, the exchangerate, and other factors that may affect the budget. On the revenueside, the assumptions used concern the growth of production in theoil/gas sector, the non-gil/gas sector, and the growth of exportsand imports. Assumptions are also used that reflect efforts toincrease tax collection efficiency, taking into account actual taxpotential. On the expenditure side, assumptions are used pertain-ing to the expansion of civil servants, policies and various types ofsubsidies, ffid factors that affect the growth of'government expend-itures. In addition, development targets in the economic, socio-cultural, defense and security sectors are also taken into account.

In Repelita'VI, efforts will be made to continuously increasethe amount of domestic revenue. Domestic revenue is expected toincrease from Rp 59.7 trillion in the first year of Repelita VI to Rp97 .3 tri l l ion in the last year of Repelita VI. Domestic revenuefrom oil and gas is expected to increase from Rp 12.9 trillion in1994195 to Rp 15.2 trillion in 1998199, and non-oil/gas revenue is

86

/

expected to incrqase from Rp 46.9 trillion in 1994195 to Rp 82.1trillion in 1998/99.

By these estimates, the role of oil and gas in domestic revenuewi l l decl ine from 21.5 percent in l '994195 to 15.6 percent int998199. Conversely, the role:of non oil and gas revenues isexpected to rise from 78.5 percent to 84.4 percent. In Repelita VI,non oil and gas revenue is estimated to total Rp 310,9 trillion,comprising 81.4 percent of total domestic revenue.

Thxes are the most important source of revenue after oil andgas, Tax revenues comprise revenues from income tax, valueadded ta1, luxury sales tax, import duties,.export tax, land andbuilding tax, and other taxes. Tax revenues are estimated toincrease from Rp 40,1 trillion in 1994195 to Rp 75.2 trillion in1998/89. The ratio of tax revenue to non oil and gas GDP is.estimated to rise from 13.1 perient in 1994195 to 15.6 percent inI998t99. In Repelita VI, tax revenues are expected to total Rp278.1 trillion, comprising 72.9 percent of total domestic revenues.

Routine expenditures consist of wages and salaries of civilservants, procurement of goods, subsidies to autonomous regions,and repayment of government debt. The amount of routine ex-penditures is est imated to increase from Rp 42.4 tr i l l ion inL994195 to Rp 67 .l trillion by 1998199. In Repelita vI, the totalof routine expenditures is expected to reach Rp 267 .6 trillion.

Government savlng is the difference between domestic reve-nues and rout ine expenditures. On the basis of est imates ofdomestic revenues and routine expenditures, government savingwill increase from Rp 17 .4 trillion in 1994195 to Rp 30.1 trillion

87

in 1998/99. Over Repelita VI, government saving is expected to

roral Rp 114.5 trillion. '

Government saving, together with development revenues pro-

cured from abroad, cornprise sources of the development funds

needed to finance develbpment activities undertaken by the state.

These development funds are expected to increase from Rp 27 .4

trillion in t994195 to Rp 44.5 trillion in 1988/89. Development

funds in Repelita VI are expected to total Rp 175.9 trillion. With

this amount, it is expected that the role of government saving in

development expenditures will increase from 62.1 percent at the

end of Repelita V to 67.7 percent by 1998199.

Efforts to increase tax revenue will cotrcentrate on improving

the performance and coverage of existing taxes such as the income

tax (PPh), the value added tax (PPN), and the land building tax

(PBB). Intensification measures will be-.aimed at the efficient

management of the existing tax potential while steps to broaden

coverage will aim for new breakthroughs qo that taxes which have

not yet met their potential can make grbater contributions to

development. Through these efforts, the burden of development

can be shared more equitably. A tax system widely perceived as

being fair will lead to greater compliance from the public and the

business community.

,In Repelita VI, non tax revenues, such as the government's

share in the profits of state enterprises and deposits from ministries

and non ministerial agencies, will be increased by increasing the

efficiency of state enterprises as well as by more effective revenue

collection from the ministries and non-ministerial agencies. In the

context of enhancing the efficiency of state enterprises, stepsrwill

be continued to restructure state enterprises through cooperation

88

schemes and management contract arrangements with third parties,through consolidations or mergers, splitting of enterprises, sale ofshares and bonds, and through the formttion of joint ventures.

In Repel i ta v I , rout ine expendi tures po l icy is a imed atincreasing government savings and at the maintenance of stateassets and previous developrnent achievements. Routine expendi-ture policy is also aimed at stimulating domestic production andexpanding employment opportunities. These steps are pursued byenhancing the effectiveRess of routine expenditure allocations,optimizing government personnel, controtting expenditures ongoods, restricting subsidies, and increasing progress and equ.ity inregional development. These policies will be implemented throughmore effective'and integrated management and supervision.

Development expenditures will increasingly be directed atactivities that cann'ot be undertaken by the private sector. Suchactivities cover the supply of basic facilities and infrastructure thatare of strategic signif itance in the development process andincrease the quality of human resources, as well as povertyalleviation efforts. Intergovernmental transfers will be used also toprovide an incentive for improved revenue generation and financialmanagement at the regional level

Monetary Poticy

Monetary policy in Repelita vI is directed ar promotingequity, economic growtl,r and economic stability. Monetary policyencompasses policies for managing the money supply, credit poli-cies and exchange rate policy.

To attain equity goals, monetary policy in frepelita vI isaimed at enhancing the capability of small and medium scale

89

enterprises and cooperatives. The policy of requiring that banksprovide dt least 20 percent of their credits to small scale enterpriseswill be continued. Furthermore, monetary policy is also directedtowards enhancing the rate of regional development in an equitablemanner, and for supporting businesses and activities which absorblabor, including enterprises in rural areas.

The policy of funds allocation is directed towards supportingexport-oriented activities and activities which diversiff business, ffwell as for supporting the development of industries, includingagroindustry, transportation services, tourism, ild other sectorswhich have dual impacts on the economy. Equitable developmentand productivity growth, which strengthens'the growth process,must also be supported by monetary policy.

Financial institutions play an important role in mobilizing andallocating funds from the general public for the financing ofdevelopment activities. In Repelita VI, efforts to promote financialinstinrtions, both banks and non-bank financial inStinrtions such asthe capital market, insurance, pension funds, leasing, venturecapital and money market institutions, will be increased. It isexpected that such efforts will increase the efficiency of financialinstitutions and increase their capability for mobilizing andchanneling the funds of the general public.

Balance of Payments

As part of the macroeconomic policy system, balance ofpaymerits policy in Repeiita VI will be carried out in line withfiscal and monetary policies, in order to realize the objectives ofequity, economic growttr and national stability.

'90

\ '

The main aim of balance of payment policy in Repelita VI isto increase the ability to earn foreign exchange. This will helprealize the goal of implementing development through increasedself-reliance.

Tbtal exports, encompassing oil and gas as well as non oil andgas exports, are expected to increase from US$ 37.2 billion in1993194 to US$ 70.6 billion in 1998/99, representing an averagegrowttr rate of 13.7 percent per year. This increase is expected tocome from increased non-oil/gas exports, which are expected togrow at a rate of 16.8 percent per annum, and to rise from US$28.2 billion in 1993194 to us$ 61.2 billion in 1998/99. tvithinnon-oil/gas exports, the fastest growing group is expected to bemanufacturing exports, increasing at an average rate of 17.8percent per annum. Exports of oil and gas are expected to increasefrom US$ 9.0 billion in 1993194 to US$ 9.4 billion in 1998/99, anincrease of only 0.8 percent per year. With this rate of giourttr, itis expected that the share of non-oil/gas in total exports will risefrom 75.8 percent in 1993/94 to 86.7 percent in 1998/99.

Import policy in Repelita VI is aimed at meeting the needs forcapital goods and intermediate goods required for the production ofgoods destined for export, while also encouraging the efficientutilization of foreign exchange in the effort to maintain stability inthe balance of payments. The value of non-oil/gas imports isexpected to rise by 15.0 per annum. The share of raw materialsand capital goods in total imports is expectOd to continue to grow,while the share of consumer goods declines, oil and gas importsare experted to rise by 7 .9 percent per annum.

Pol ic ies related to exports of services wi l l be aimed atincreasing foreign exchange earnings from services, mainly from

91

tourism, transfer of remittances from workers abroad, and fromconstructions services. Foreign exchange earnings from tourism isexpected to increase from US$ 3.8 billion at the end of Repelita Vto US$ 8.9 b i l l ion a t the end o f Repel i ta VI . Other serv iceearnings are expected to reach US$ 3 bi l l ion in Repel i ta VI.Foreign exchange expenditures on services are expected to rise by8.7 percent per year on a net basis consist ing of a3.2 percentgrowth of oil and gas services and a 10.5 percent growth in non oiland gas services. In Repelita VI it is expected that non oil and gasimports will grow at a rate of 15.1 percent per annum. The shareof imports of basic/intermediate goods and capital goods is expect-ed to increase continuously. Conversely, the share of consumptiongoods will continue to fall. At the same time, imports of oil andgas are expected to increase by 7.9 percent per annum.

\ryith the above growth of exports and imports of goods andservices, it is expected that the current account deficit in RepelitaVI will remain within a safe level. The ratio of the deficit to GDPis expected to fall from 2.0 percent in 199311994 to 1.3 percent inr998t99.

Foreign investment policy in Repelita VI is aimed at stimu-lat ing economic growth and equity, expanding employmentopportunities, expanding and increasing exports and encouragingthe transfer and development of technology. In Repelita VI, for-eign investment in Indonesia is expected to increase at least by anaverage of 7 .4 percent per annum.

In Repelita VI, foreign funding will remain as a supplement tothe needs fo r deve lopmen t f i nanc ing and i t s sha re i n t o ta ldevelopment funding will continue to fall. Foreign funding will beaccepted only in so far as it has no political strings attached, does

vt

pot impose burdensome t€trrnll, and is within our capacity to repay..Foreign funding will be used for activities that have high priorityand benpfit the people at large. Repayment of foreign fundingmust not disturb the stability of the balance of payments and thegovernment budget.

In Repelita VI, the ratio of total government and privateforeign debt to GDP is expected !o decline from around 57 percentin 1993/94 to 46 percent in 1998199. The ratio of foreign debtrepayment (government and private).to total exports (DSR) isexpected to fall from 30.5 percent at the end of Repelita V to 20.6percent at the end of Repelita VI.

Foreign exchange policy in Repelita VI is aimed at consoli-dating the balance of payments, supported by a foreign exchangerate policy that promotes exports, manag€xr imports, andsupportsstability of the foreign exchange market. tn order to support thispollcy, efforts are made to maintain foreign exchange reserrcs d asafe level, sufficient for financing around 5 months of imporu pcrannum.

4. Nlocation of Development Funds

On the basis of the priority and policy direction of RepeliaVI, the development fund, encorhpassing the rupiah as well arproject aid components, will be allocated accordin! to the fol-lowing guidelines.

First, development funds from tlre budget will be usod for thcdevelopment of hunran resouroes, d6 high priority ptaced on ilredevelopment of,,oducation and health

Second, development funds from the budget will be allocated

to the construction of infrastructure, such as transportation, post

and telecommunications, irrigation, electricrty and facilities for

the develOpment of scienqe and technology. This infrastructure

will facilitate development objectives both in the economic andsocial sectors, and will also promote greater equlty ilmong incomegroups as well as between regions.

Third, development budget allocations in Repelita VI will bedirected at ensuring harmony between sectoral development andregional development, leading to more equitable economic growtttamong regions, encouraging initiative and participation of thepeople and the private,sector in the regions, and alleviating povertyin particular. In this respect, regional development is a highpriorrty for the development budget.

Fourth, development allocations are aimed at increasing theactive participhtion of the people. To this end, a high priority inthe development budget will be promotion of business enterprises,in particular the small and medium scale enterprises andcooperatives.

Fifth, development budget expenditures will be aimed atsupporting efforts to alleviate poverty. Beginning in Repelita VI, aspecial program will be initiated to assist villages categorized asbeing poor. This program, called the IDT (Less DevelopedVillages Progranr) provides working capital to villages identified aspoor so that the population can have the opportunity to developeconomic activities that are suitable to their local situation. Inaddition, tho development budget also allocates funds through aseparate program to construct necessary infrastructure in the lessdeveloped villages with the aim of enhancing their access tomarkets and to government-buik social facilities, such as schoolsand health @nters.

94

E. TIIE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTA-

TION Ar-ilD SI JPERVISION

To secure the implementation of development and to ensure

that the development aims and objectives are efficiently and

effectively attained, a system of development implementation and

supervision will be formulated. The system of development

implementation is concerned with the development program which

is funded through the government budget, including policies and

procedures that increase participation in the development proc,ess.

The purpose of the system is to improve institutions, procedures,

and infraitructure, and the professionalism of government

functionaries involved in ttre task of implementing and controlling

development. firis is meant to increase the clarity and precision of

government policies, simplify implementation proeedures and

speed up service.

In putting into effect a development implementation and

supervision system, Repelita VI aims for the achievement of the

following four objectives:

1. The adoption and simplification of various development

implementation procedures, especially those related to the'r""

supply of goods and services; budget revision proposal

and approval; the use of domestic products; contract form

and approval; participation of small and medium scale

businesses; and the improvement of the monitoring and

accountability system. A more decentralized decisiop

making process can reduce the time needed for decision

making in the implementation of development.

2. Better coordination in drafting development implementa-tion plans, both across sectors and regions, and a bettersystem of supervision, report and control. Also a bettercommunication system, which can be realized by improv-ing the existing information network. Another objectiveis to ba lance and in tegrate po l ic ies , programs, andprojects both across sectors, regions and departments.

3. Increased efficiency and effectiveness in the implementa-tion and control of the government development budget.This involves strengthening the internal and externalcontrol systems through the implementation of built- inand functional control, and improving the supervisoryawareness of the people. Other objectives include the

strengthening of the control mechanism, and initiating asystem which can stimulate checking and cross-checkingin the above three control systems. In this way, built-incontrol will be part of the governmental managOmentsystem, and can play a cr i t ical role in internal gov-

ernmental control, preventing malfeasanc'e.

4. Strengthening the technical and managerial ski l l ofgovernment authorities in the implementation of devel-opment and the dut ies o f g iovernment , and a lso inservices for the people and business enterprises. Withsuch improved capabilities, the quality, efficiency, policy

formulation, control and supervision of developmentimplementation and service to society and the businessworld can be increased

.:_

To reach these objectives" th€:'policies adopted in'Repelita -tIcons is t o f ' the in tens i f ica t ion o f the ent i re deve lopment

96

implernentation and control system which is carried out in theearliest possible time, i.e. at the stage of planning. Ttris coversstrengthening of coordination and i nter-departmental relations,strengthening the formulation of p5ogf ams and budgets, theimprovement of human resource quality, the improvement ofcontrol, supervision and accountability systems, ild the qonsistentimplementation of development supervision.

To increase the efficiency of national development implemen-tation, the role of functional .supervisory agencies such as theFinance and Development Auditing Agency (BPKP), theInspectorate Creneral of Developmept, the Inspectorate General ofMinistribs,. and Regional Inspectorates, and the role ofgove.rnment agencies that funclion as auditors, supervisors, andcontrollers, must be further devqloped. The role of functionalsupervisory agencies, in particular the Supreme Auditing Agency.(BPK), is expected to increase in accordance with their authorityand function as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution.

97

CIIAPTER V

CONCLUSION

To conclude, it would. be appropriate to empha sae amessage

from the 1993 Guidelines of State Policy, which states that the

success of national development, as an application of Pancasila,

depends on the active role of the society and on the mentality, will,

spirit, cooperation and discipline of the government and the entire

population of Indonesia. Therefore, all social and political forces,

civic organizations,. and other social institutions need to organize

programs in accordance with their own function and capability in

implementing the State Policy Guidelines.

98

STANSTICAL AhINH(

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. Te,bb?BASIC DATA AND MAIN TARGETS OF REFELITAVI

1991195-1998199

1) CalendaYcar2) AwragcRcpditaVI

103

r o 2

C. I,[ATIONALPBCI]CI

1. Gtonlhratc

e.furicultrc

b. lenuhctuing- Ncn Oit & Gar tdent&cfiing

c.o|hcc- htblicAdninirtnticn

CDPgrou,th

2. Slnrc d Sotrccr of Crrwth

a. hc&arc. inCapitNl st@t

h hcrrarcr inEnflqrncnt

c. Incrcarcr inhodttctivity

3. GDP Sharcs (at carffi 19E9/90

mccl)'

a. Agricultrc

b. llanubctring- No Oil & Gar illanufacnring

c. Otbcrr-PublicAdninirtntim

D. Sm_rAL r!{pICATq.S 1)

hbntMatelityRar!

LifcE4cctmcy

Bfircatio Participtio Ratct

a. Primary&ratiqr

b.furicSecgdryRtrcerio

c. Scnir Scudary &rcatim

d"HigbaHrcatio

riceua-v."r2) Atu:agcBcPdita VI3)CunulatiwinRc1leEaVl

3.59.7

10.?6.34.6

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57

63.1

110.3

54.8

33.4

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104

E INVESITMBiITA}DSC-RCES OF FIf.lAIrICItitO

1: T&llnrestmcnt

a. hiratc

b. Govcranqrt

2 SarrccoofFimachg

a. DmceticSaving-hinate

-Gownuncnt(grur)

h Fccigr Saving (nct)

n. puurcHNarce

1. TelDmceticRcrxnrr2 Nooil&gasRcwnrr

3. TaxRcrrnrr

4. Gr,wth of TaxRcvcnr.n

5. Taxar percemge of Tcal

DoncsticRcwnrr

6, Tax ae prcenegc

. of l.Iqr oit&gasGDP

7, DbtRcppcnte ar pelccnagp

of RosirrcErqlelrditlne

S. Gorrcruncnt Savings as pcfccrfiagc

of frahplncalEqenditnc

1) CalcndaYcar2) AvcragcB.pdia VI3) Cumulatirrc in Rcpclita VI

Rp.tillicr.

Rp.hillicr

.Rp.tilliur

Rp.tilliqr

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Rp.hillio

Rptillicr

Rp. billicn

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1) Calendar Year2) Ararage Repelita VI

3) Cumulative h Repelira M

106

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t994

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1996

1997

1998

94.3

95.8

97.4

98.9

100.4

101.9

94:8

96.4

97.9

99.4

101.0

102.5

189.1

1922

195.3

198.3

'mr.4

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108

a--..'--.-

Teblc 5FOPI,'IATION DISTRIBUTION, GROWTII A}ID IENSITY BY PROYiN@

1993 ud 199t

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i.iii.:i:i:li::riti.ii.i:(il"of lli#Jii::::.:i:i:i:i:,:,r,:,:,r,,'1991,1,:..,.,.,.,.t.:.r.::il99t.:.:.:. l:r:'::il.fg$

1. DI Aoeh2. North Sunatera3. West Sumatera4. Riau5. Jambi6. Sornt Sumatera7. Bengkulug. TamFung

SUI\{AIERA

9. DKlJakarta10. West Java11. C.enhal Java12. DlYoglxakarta13. East Jarra

J A V A

14.15.16.17.

18.19.m.2t.

n^a.u.?5.

26.n.

BaliWestNusa TbnggaraEastNusaTenggaraEastTimu

BALI A}.ID NUSA TENGGARA

WestlblimantaaC-entral KalimantanSouthtr(alimnntan&stlGlimantan

IGLIMANTAT.I

NqthSulawesiCentral SulawesiSouthSuhwesiSouthcast Suhwesi

ST'IAIVESI

Ir[alukuIrian Jaya

MALUKUAI.IDIRJANJAYA

55,390.00?1,680.004a898.9694,561.6053,436.00

1a9,254.0019,798.7035,385.50

48L394.76

ffi3243,177.X232,548.n3;186.10

47,yI2.45

rn.498.29

5,63L86mJ53.7541349.901,+,609.00

87,7M91

146,807.00153,564.0036,535.25

211,4,10.00

548.3,16.25

27,487.6363,689.2062,482.5438,140.00

191.799.37

77t,870.56394800.00

$L670.56

3,699.210,813.44,m3,O3,6$.7?-237.36,815,7\3m.46,426.7

39.Z3LE

8,796:.837,79L.229,n2.549r8.3

33,380.4

7t2r59.2

2,856.03,547.63,46'4.9

808.3

10.675.9

3,4q).81,542.32,781.54144.2

9.958.8

2,58/..31$s0.87,y6.31,497.6

r3.xl.q

2,001.21,828.7

3.829.9

4,114.411,617.04,511.6.43s0..r2,613.77,775.91,566.17,056.0

43.584.9

9,?04.641,696.130,2K.22,908.0

u,s6g.4

119.114.3

2,966.93,811.13,754.7

89r.2

tr.4?3.3

3,992.51,795.13,091.32,6%.0

11.394.9

2;754.54098.17,yxls1,7u.2

14.519.3-b,ns.l

2\151.0

4.386.7

2.2r1.441.433.X3.162493.471.89

2.t3

1.98.1.990.65

(0.07)0.70

t.2l

0.767.U1.62t.97

L.t6

LM\97z,074.n

2.73

r.?3LS4r.523.10

r.E0

2243.30

7.75

81

13,2428758999166n

880

671519E39426367

182

5A7t767355

tn

a' 1 0

7610

18

9429

lr839

69

265

I

90

14,609966yz9913721

934

74t6210546497l79

199

5n1E97961

iso

nt284t2

4

10033rn46

76

a5

2

INDONESIA 1,910,454.141E9,135.6 m4,423.4 t.57 99 l0'l

109

Table 6POP[TIATION PROJECIION BY LTRBAI'I AND RITRAL

1993- 1998(million penonr)

i : i : t i : : .1 : : : : : . l l i l l l

80.3

B9.3Vo)

r24.1

(60.7Vo1

73.6

(T7.rTo)

t?4.7

(62.97o1

76.9

Q8.ZVo)

ra.5(6L,8To)

el.1

(35.\Vo)

l?A.8

(65;Wo)

?4.5

(36.lTo\

tu.8

(63.9%o\

U r b a n

R u r a l

i l.3

Qa.Vo\

I?A.E

(66.M\

T o t a I

110

Tablc 7GDP GROTTTIITARGEf,S BY SECTOR 1)

Crc[Ent Pcrannun)

*1"+*'a***tffi'ffi',,,,,,,,',,iEltildb':':,:':,:':,:,i

,:'l'i:,;,i:, ::l'lii'::i:.i::j

:. .:iii'ffi =-:,.fi :v".=:i:i!.:::::l::,* :':,::ti::llli''ffiffiii,,li

GRCS DOMES'IrC PROp(rcT (gDP)

:1. Agricultue

2 Mining

3. lvtarufacffing

-NonoiVgas lvtanufacturing

4. Construction

5. Trade

6. Timnspcation & Conmunications

7. Other

6.6

z4

5.0

10.0

11.0

tt.7

7.1

9.0

7.0

6.2

3.4

L6

9.4

10.3

8.0

6.6

7.7

i.t

1) Based on f989/90 constant prices

111

Tebte tGDP BY SECIORAL SIARB ')

(inpcrmt)

ji:!iiitl:l:irii:i::i:!ii::iil*r:liiii:it:ii:iliiri',-.--,--T--,-t-T"ffi:ii':;:'ijti:ii,t't:: :i:iFIH*iriiiiiiiiiririr'ir?miiiii:i:iii;:i::iri:.:.:iiiiiiiiiiii::i:iir:iiiiiiiiiiili', v:i::i:iii::i,:::

1. Agriculture

2. Mining

3. MenufrcturiryIldrstry:

a. Non-oiUgrs Menufacturing

b. OiUgff Manufactufing

4. Corgttl|ctio

5. Tnrde

6. Tnnsportetion & Communi:etions

7. Othcr

202

t2.l

20.8

17.6

32

6T

t7.r

5.9

r75

t7s

10.1.

u.t

2t3

2.8

7.0

17s

6.4

17.4

Groct Domcsric Prroduct (GDP) 100.0 100.0Oil/gu GDP 12.6 9ANon-oil/grs GDP $.4 n2

') Brrcd ol 1989F0 conrtent pric,es

trz

TeDc 9GOVERilMENT BI'DGET

rcarygs - r99E/99pi[ior rrpirl)

i:::ll:iir*t:*l:il:li:li:iiiiffi.u.l.::.

.:iii:::l::iiil:i::i:iii;ii:i:: j:.li::i::i:ii:i:i# j#=,TtTFfi- t t t : t : : : : : . : : f :

,![flF.186.,,,,,. r r : : : i : : : - : f : : r1 :

U?fr9[i,. : i : . : : . : . : : : . : . : . : - : . :,if6!d,,,i.,:.i:.,.t:,:,j,:,

1. DomesticRevenues'a.OiVgas

b.Non-oflgas

2. Routine Expenditures

3. Gorrcrnment Savinp

4. Foreign Aid _a. Prognin Aid

b. Projec! Aid

5. Development Erpenditures

6. APBN (Nationd Budget)

szJ@.0ts,ln.637,&1.4

37,0q1.9

15,674-l

eJ53.1426.8

9;126.3

zsgt2

62,32,.L

59,79.172,851246 8&5.9

ajfi.8

173ff..3

10,012.00.0

10,012.0

n3%.3

69J49.r

66,747.913,9ffi.152,761.9

47,6n.1

19,070.9

11,356.00.0

11356.0

30,4?5.9

7g,1G.g

74,0n.514288.459,744.1

51,937.0

nJy|.s

r237rs0.0

n3n.s

y,5?3-4

86360.4

uze.e14,851.169,388.8

s8Jm.9

25,659.0

t3,417.60.0

B;4n.6

39,V16.6

n,657.5

s72n2rs2r0.3

,82,080.9

.67,L49.9

30,1413

14,ffi50.0

14366.5

44,5U18

111,657:7

382,048.67l,t8l.l

310,861.5

267,595.7

1t4,452-9

61,469.00.0

61,480.0

175,y32.9

443,529.6

1) AFBN re93le4

113

Table 10

GOVERNI{ENT DE\IETI}PMEI{T E CENDITI.'RE BY SECTOR/ST'B SEICTOR

l991l9s-199t199( Rp millior )

114

10

10.110.2

1l

11.117.211.311.,f

t2

t2.l

13

13.1132133

t4

14.114.2

TOURISM. POST AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

TourisoPort and Telecoomunications

REGIONAL DEVELO{MENT ANDTRANSMIGRATION

Rcgional DcvelopmentTbansmigratioo and Scttleocnt of Fqcat Squattcrs

ENVIRONMEI{T AND SPATIAL

EnvbonmcntSpatial

EDUCATION: CULTURE. BELIEF INAIJ{IGTITY GOD. YOUTI{ Al{D SPORTS

EducationNon Formal Education and OtficialTrainingCulturc and Bclicf io t&e AloigbtyGodYouth andSpats

POPUI.ATION AIIID FAM TLY WELFARE

Poputation and Family Plannlng

SOCTALWELFARB. HEALTTI. ROLE OFWOMEN. CHILDREN AND AI'OLESCENT

Social WctfarcHcalt!Rolc of Wooen, Childrcn and Adolegcent

HOUSING AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Houring and Human Sct-tlcncntUrban Planning and Conrkuction

4.778.570.0

325,380.04153,190.0

34227530.0

28,069,880.061157,550.0

3.et4.750.0

2,639,000.0615,750.0

2o.i8r.960.0

185s7t60.0. 1,26r,060.0

338,460.0225,180.0

1.74t.720.0

tJ43,tm.a

6.S9239d0

518,?60.06J15,790.0

57,840.0

5.740.600.0

5111,510.0299,090.0

721.850.0

48J30.0673,120.0

5.s04.326.0

4J47,S91.0956,435.0

4sm0;.0

356,880.0954m.0

3.061310,0

2J83331i|194,E31.052,750.03039E.0

29022t.0

290,221.0

1.031.033.0

?6,m5.0945328.A

8J00.0

887.922.0

E40,300.047,6X2.0

'115

1) Including Fccigrr Aid

116

Table 11BAI.A}IG OF PAYMENTS

1994/95-199E199( Us $ millim )

l::i.i.r#i$$::::.:i::l.l.i:ii::::i::F{fl.:in::::ii:l:: :iil

i''iij'ij..iii.ri.i''i..ij'i.ij''.'.ij.ff#.:..'..iri'.'.;.:.'.'.'.il......trt;t: t:-i ttttttt:.tz

'::$,*ffiffil..';::..i l i ; i l ; i ; i ' l ; l i i ; i ; i ; i ; l ; l ; i ; l i ; i ; i

.:::t$f{t95:ir::::' l i : l i : 1 . ' . - l l l :

,l906/!f,',. t : : t : : t : : l t : : i

,wllw,: lgg$f,$:.

G@DSAI.IDSERVICES

l.Erpcrts (f.o.b)- NonOiVCas- OilandCras

2.Inpcts (f.o.b)- NonCIVGas- CIland6as

3. Sertles (NeQ- NonOilCas- OilandCras

4.GrrentAccount- NonOillGas- OilandCras

GO.\IERNMENTDEEII- ProganAfol- PrrojectAftlandOhers

GCJVERNMBNTDEEffREPAYI,IENTS 1)

OIIIERCAFIrALFI.oWS- Direct Inveshent (Net)= 0herCapiort(Net)

MONEIARYMOT/EIvIENTS

BROR"S ANDCh4ISSIONS

c.

E.

F.

37,1628,1699,017

19,1q315,9M-3294

-10,8761,9A21,974

-2,888-5,6372,749

5,8940

5,894

6,6832,0484,635

-5,146

-1,113

1,430

4L,96232,'.16292OO

4213-29,6K

4,527

-11,8594,7371,ln

€,110-5,661

25sr

sJ130

5,7L3

-4,973

3,5712f07r26/-

-r2or

0

47,6X38,1ff9,49

31,8Tt+4,09

],74''

-12,9714,70i3261

-3,141-5,61",

2l7i

6,480

6,48

-5,16:

4,4t,2#1941

-2,611

0

-4338s-?,9,19-4,196

44,091n0,781W

3,425-5,399

1,963

53,W|u,5449,453

63500

63so

-4,464

4,9562:rv222s4

1Ar7

0

'.61,5il

!;z,llg

49,4ll-45,160

1277-rs2Q--11,8S-3,432

{r1354,872

rJ37

6,6280

6,6?3

-4,474

5,3682J292,639

4,387

0

70,686L23Be384

-56,945-52,184,817

-16174-t2,wi-3,478

-2Je6€,885

1,089

6,7240

6,724

{,860

5,3302,930i,+oo

4,398

0

1) Reprynem of principal

117

Table 12PRODUCflON ESTIMAIES FOR SELECIED INDUSTRIAL PR,ODUCTS

t9!r1l9HS!ru9ry^

,:::.l::.l::.:::::;.::l:l:::::::::::::::::;t:::t::l;';i:: :.:;:::.:.:::.t.ii.t;:i:.:ltl:.:.:::.:::lt.i::. : : : : : : : : : : . : : : . : : ; : : ; : : : : . : : : . : : : . : : : . : : . : . : : . : . : : : . : l : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : . : : l : : :

1'l.':i::i.i.It-qS.::........::..l l l;i i i i l i i-i i i-l : i;i-i i i'i

....,:Pi*i:on.:.r.:'r.:.:.,

. : : : . : : : : : i : . : : : . i : t :n : . iItfiqlfi 'VI:,:,., i:l.,.,,,.,.'

lstfif,l!::::::::::;:::;:

A" rcOD. AGROPROCESSII{G. IECTIIES

1. PalmCIl2. Milk Condensedfourder3. Carn:edFood

-Vegetabbs adFruits-Fish

4. WtratFhur.5. CnmbRubber6. FatyAcid?. Tqrtile/fextile Sheets8. Garmenfs9. WeavingYam

B. BA.SIC C}fiMICAI5 INDI.HIRIES

1. I-lreaFertilizer2. Cement3. Pulp4. Paper5. Tfues (for Motc,r Vehicles)6. SheetGlass7. Fiber Gtass.8. Pue Tereptrtalic Acid flIA)9. hiletlnrpl10. Para:ryilerc11. Pol;gqylerrc

C. IvIACHINERN BASIC MEIAL AI{DELECIRG.IIC INDI-FIRIES1. Billets2. Steel slabc3. HctRolld Sheeb GRS)4. ColdRolled Sheets (CRS)

5. Palm Oil Plant tvlachircry ad ftuipment6. Rubber Plant ldachinery ard Equipurcttt7. PonrerTransformer (wer 10 lr/fl/A)8. Electric C*rsator9. SmallEafihsatellife10. Telephorr Instument11. Integntcd Circuit

12. Aircraft

13. lhlicopter14. New Sfeel Ships

milliontcnthousard ton

thousad tonthousardtqrthoura$torrftousadttrrtlnrsard tonthousard tonthousad to'tlthousard to'n

milliontonmilliontonmilliontonmillicn ton

million piecestlnusard tonthousad tontlnusand tonthousard tonthousardtsrthousand ton

ttnusard tontlpusard tonthousard tonthousard ton

tontonunitudtrrdt

milliontonmilliontsr

unit

r.uritthousard ton

.r5L.225L.1

1,?51.01.1

L37.7960.6296.5

1,090.9

5.318.71.32.5

36.65M.Z

4.0207.0n0.6261.9159.0

2,376.L1,050.01,700.0

4fF.t7,563.01,984.0

43.09,528.0

43.01,208.1

158.024.0 2)

5o.o 2)

n.5

1.3tqt.2.

rn.0n3.0

1,920.0t.2

262.0t,oez.o

3L9:0\2$.4

5.7. 21.8

1.52.8

4L.6549.0

4.42#.0LYL.O280.0183.0

2,531.01,118.01,810.0

4n.08,319.02,L82.0

47.010,000.0

47.0r,294.0

165.026.055.0

111.0

1.52L4.0

2.4308.0

w.0385.0

2,780.0I-7

383.01,753.0

515.02,t22.0

7.833.13.14.1

69.5773.0

6.0506.03%.0369.0323.0

2,860.01,560.02,4L0.0

660.011,900.03,000.0

80.017,000.0

60.01,700.0

252.0105.0 2)

s6.0 2)

169.0

1) Bstinatc2) Cumulative for 5 years

118

:::. .,Agfi i-lt$l.Plp$retl,,1-99f,199.,,':.,

1. faaay r)

2. Rice

3 . C o r n

4. Soy beans

5. Cassava

6. SweetPotats

7. Groundnuts

8. Green beans

9. Vegetables

10. Fruits

11. Meat

12.Fgga

13. Milk z)

14. Fish

15. Sugar Cane

16. Coconut

17. Pah IGrneVPa[n Oil

48,200

31,330

7,987

1,792

16,i56

2,n7

703

319

4,37"1

5,389

!,'26L

604

40t2

3,609

2,412

2,466

3,76A

49,169

31,960

8,288

1,849

16,394

2,334

723

335

4,600

5,609

1,329

636

425

3,783

2,655

2,486

4,047

53,U3

34,608

9,611

2,095

16,495

2,509

840

40'l

5,613

6,597

1,647

784

530

4,587

3,030

2,741

5,541

2.Ol

2.01

3.77

3.t7

0.17

1.96

3.64

5.00

5.r0

4.10

s-18

5.35

5.67

4.92

4.?2

2:14

8.08

Trble 13EsrIMArEsTrilffi

ry*/n j\GRIqrLruRALPRorx.tcrs(tlorrard tor)

l) UnhuskedPaddy2) Million liter

119

Teble 14II)G PRODUCTION

tglnfrs-rvras,(nillion m3)

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::fl lnltf:::::::::::::-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

i:::Fffirqi:::SSnt:i:I'l'',:;.,'S#S'**.:':.i.1':.i.: : : : : . i : : : : : : : : : : : : t : : i : : : i : t :' : i : : . r : i i : : : : t : : : : : : : : : t : : : : :

i.:l,i:.,.,.,.,.,i,.,.,i,.,:,i,.':,::.t{Ciidiltl$li;i;:;i;:;i':;i'i;i::;i':,:,i,

,',,,lt$lm'

1. kdwfrblCropFurct

2. Smallholden Frcstad RubberPhmation

3. tilahrat Forst

a. Permarcril Forest Prrodrctiqr

b. CornstimFqest

1.35

8.95

18.85

2.65

L.U

8.23

L2.70

,3.80

5i7

9.?n

22.6

3.n

2.7L

8.7L

22.53

3.72

t20

Tablc 15WATB, RESOT,RCES TARGETS

tg'nD'-rglnE!)

: : j : : j : . : 1 : . : : : . : . t : : . . : . : ; . ; . : j : . : r ; : r ; : : : : : r : : 1 : : . :

:;:::::::::::::::ilAnfi;jifii:;;,:;:;:;;i:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:::;:i:::;:;;,:,if,lift::,:,,',i9.*tCl

ii..HHfi::::,,i!jift:fit.

1. DnR*abilihtien

2^ DmC-sstsuctinn

3. Smail from Oonsiuctircn

4. RiverOpemtionardN4atnerarce

5. I-ake Operatiur ard lr4ainiernnce

6. l-trmQrrationadMaintemrce

7. River Retabilitation ard Contol

L O&Mof lrrigptionNetwcrks-Weir

-PrimaryGrral

-Secmdary Caml

9. Retabilitationof lrriptionNetwc'rks

-PrinaryCarnl

-SecodaryCaral

-WeirRehabilitation

10. C.orstrrtion of Ltigptinn Networks

-Weir

-PrimaryCaml

-SecodaryCanal

-Tertiary Canal

11. Dvelopentof SnampNetwmks

*PrimaryCaral

-Seccndary Caml

-Multiprpmc Caral

L2, Pordhvelopment

-PrinaryCanal

13, DrrclopoentofC@shlArcas

uritunit

udt

km

unit

unit

km

1,000 tla

unit

km

kn1,000 ha

km

kmrrrit

1,000 ha

ktrr

ktrtknr

km

1,000 hakm

km

km

1,000 ha

km

km

-1)

-2)

-3)-3)

-:

'1*

e900

t'1

' :*

18

15

34

30

2,,750

335

3705,920

L2,595

114,050

159,500

1rCI

350

690290

100

4527A

655

3,850135

120300

20

695

6

6

5

. ' *

1,850

:

7 f f i

2,8006,330

2,3E0

500

2502,150

4,575

30,490

674

6001,500

100

30

470

40

1) Part of lrriptior l.Ietu/E* RetBbiubtion Aptir"ities2) Part of lrription Netnrcrt C-sstnrtisr Activities3) Part of River Rchabilitation ard Co,ntrol Activities

t21

Trblc 16TRANSPORTATI ON TARGETS

rltlr]tgs - 1998199

: j : ;: i : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : i : : : : : : : : : : : i : i : : : | : | : : : | : : : . : : : : : : : | : ; : : : | : | : : : | : | : : : : : : : : : : : : : . : : : : | : : : : : : : : : i : :: : : : :l l : i i . t : t : : : . . : : i : : : : : : : ; : : : i i t t t l l l l l l , : : ' : : : . : l : i : l l : : : i : : : : : :: : i : i : ; : : : : : I : : : : : : : : , : : : : : : : : :: : : : , : : : : : . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : , : : : : : : : : : : : : . : :

: : : : : ; : | : |

: | : | : : : : : : : : : . : : : : : : : : : : i

iii:i::l:::':i:':i:i:i:':':i:i:'i.:'i.:ii.iii:i:i:i:r:i.i:::.:ii::i:iii'r"E tE"t:i:lil

' t : : t t : . i : : . t :' . . t i : : : : l l l l l l l l l

' i l t t l i l : i l l : 1 : 1 :

...Ujllt,:i:;:::l::,

:i::::inFDFrlilli:::i:

:i:i:iliii::il"lllii;i:i:i;i:i::,,:,:,:,i,,,,,i,i,.,i,ftGif ettt:,,'V,,1,,,.,

. l

A . R O A D S

1. Rchabilitation and Maintenanceof Roads ald Bridges

a. Artery and Collector Roadsb. Local Roadsc. Bridges

2. Road Upgrading andBridge Replacement

a. Artery and Collector Roads

b.Local Roadsc. Bridges

3. Constructiol of New Roads and Bridges

a. Artery and CollectorRoadsb. Local Roadsc. Bridgesd. TollRoads

B . R A I L W A Y S

1. Development of Rollingstock

a. Procurement- DieselLocomotives- Elecfic Railcars- Passenger Coaches

' b. Rehabilitatioa

- DieselLocomotives- Blectric Railcars

- Passelger Coaches

2. Dwelopment of Railway lafraslructure

. a. Rehabilitation/upgriding of Railtrack

I b. Coastruction of Railtrack

I c. Upgrading of RailwaY Bridges

I a. Installatioa of Electric Signals

Bmtmm

tnImm

LE

tmmIm

unitunitunit

unit

unit

unit

tntm

bridgeunit

210389281F8996,7n

35,y3951,67985,389

1,807344

4,2W223

sel 3)

2ro 3)

z,tts 3\

2,17450

3536

r20

2690

28,E)078,33612,80

5,03911,83013,852

1,050650

1,10051

72810

6

l4

l4

623915' 9

I

2r9J00428,180120,000

21,35065,00055,000

4,9005,1m

30,250310

5284

170

l6

30

60

84035013050

r22

1) Estimate (cumulative, 5 years)2) Target (cumulative, 5 years)3) Unit of rehabiliration.

Table 16 (continued)

::r'Ilfnclita::j'iiiil:iir/'ttjli:iiiiiiiiii

,:,,, :,:'.:,, .i :RGmlit* :,:,VI.

li;tu'-l.r..s::i:; :,t::t9.9.*l!5ilefi##lJii

C. RIVBR.LAKEAND FERRYTRANSPORTATION

1. Contruction of Wharfs/Terminalsa. River and Lakeb. Ferry

2. Rehabilitation of Wharfs/Terminalsa. Riverandtakeb. Ferry.

D. SEA TRANSPORTATION

1. Port Facilitiesa. Wharfb. Wardhousec. Open Storaged. Passenger Terminal

2. Maritime Safety Development. a. Lighthouse

b. Buoyc. Navigation Shipsd. Dredging

E. AIR TRANSPORTATION

L. I nfrastructure Developmenta. Development of Runway Facilitiesb. Development of Terminal Facilitiesc. Development of Operational Building

. 2. Fleet Developmenta. Procurement of Commercial Aircraftb. Procurement of Noncommercial Aircraft

locationlocation

locationlocation

mm2mZm2

unitunitunit

milfionm3

m2m2'm2

uaitunit

5533

8't2

lo,n464,915

908J8831,832

18252

779.4

11055050,59516,320

432

35

1,6325,600

22,5255,350

2930

10.6

23,5002,6ffi2,4W

7610

138

6041

1725

14,85080,000

900,00024,250

323001160

r29JsO93,32018,300

8023

123

Teblc t7MINRAL PRODUCIION

t9!r1195-r9!ra9!,

560.0

2,n6.5

30,000.0

255.0

31.2

2,5n.5

r,08?.0

L,Mz.0

3r5.7

&,3U.0

71,091.0

558.5

\945.s

35,000.0

310.0

34.r

2,400.0

1,050.0

1,V2.0

340.0

.+a000.0

93,500.0

547.5

2,9@.0

71,000.0

1,025.0

lm.3

2,750.O

1,000.0

1,761.0

340.0

70,600.0

143,000.0

L AdcOilardCqdcmar

A Nebralcas'

3. CGI

4. Gcotbrnal 1)

5. Tm

6. Nic.tclOt

7. Baudtc

S, CoperCurennr

9. kmsard

10. Gold 2)

11. Silver 3)

millionbarrcls

billi<ncubbfcet

tlnuard tcirs

.tvflil

tbgusadffi$

ftflsardffis

thousardtorr

fbr.rsadtms

fhousard tarts

kS

kg

1) IffbllcdCapacity2) Irch.dingGoH inComcr Corrctratc3) Irrhditts Sihrcr in CoPpcr Cqseffrale

724

Tablc 18E.ECIRIC FOWR, TARGEITI

19!r4l95-19!rv9t

A FWERPI.AT{T1. [4dro Pourcr Pl{r (pU[A)

. z.StcanPorcrPbd€tn)

aC,rnlb.IqfiralGas/oil

3. Dl.sel Ponier Pbtr (PUID)4. Cas Thhirr Pourcrphnt (pLTG)5. Gothcrnal PoqrcrPbrf (pLTp)6. Cctnbicd C)rcle Pourcr

Pbd(PLTCT.DaOPcnC),ch

b.Stcamq.ch

c.QoplcEQrcb

7. Mini llJdro Powr pbff (PLIM)& Barge tvtu@d Pouirr pbd

B. IRATiISN{ISSIONSYSIEM. 1. Tbanenissbn Utrs

2, SnbSlatbn

C. DSIRIBUIICT\I SWEIId1.Ivftdhrn Voltagc lincs (JIM)2. Lo*, Volhge l.irrs (JIR)3.DistrihtimSbtin

D. RT.RALETECIRIFICANq{

'lvtW

Lrwlvlw

IWil}lW

I\fi['

lvlWIrtW

IWil

M\ilIvlW

kmo

A/1/A

tnq

kmc

IrdvA

2"S5r

3J+t7,y5:

56,tr16

61,2(I1

3,653

11,600

800

130

4L4.2

12055

65

78.9

15455

Tt6

10.0_

1,8668,4m

2433E

40,6E7

4,59S

t34l

1oJ4E3O,ffi

133,1t7

L%,741

2l,EU

lE,619

L(n01,386

87E

55.66L4

Estimab (crnubtirrc fc 5 ycar)

rzs

Table 19POST AIiID TELECOMMI'NICATIONS TARGETS

1994195-lE 8/1999

.:/loffiiftt,,,,, l9}clf5:,,,,,

P6TAT{DCIRO

l. Pot Officc & $pbmenfiary PO

2. Pot Officc in Disfictlrvel

3. tdechanizatbn ard Aufomatiqt

Pct Offlrcc in Prrovirpial Lcrlel

4. Ceifral lvlail Prwesing

5. Arxiliary Pct Office i

Srryplemerfary Pot Office

6. lvlobile Pct Office ad Leal

Tl'arspqtatlm

a. Car/Vehiclc

b.MoffiClcle

c.Bicycle

EEMMMI.'NICATION

-Telephone Capacity Incrcment

mit

unit

urit

unit

udt

r.nit

unit

unit

lirEs

15

z

1

2

605

379

r,gz3

800

2,100,000

4

1

0t

. 3 7

106

3L2

733

833"00

19,

)5

75L

500

2,500

4,000

5.000,000

1) Ornulative for 5 pars2) Tareeb (cr.mulative fu 5 years)

t26

Table ZlTRAT{SMIGRATIONr9!r4195-rqlraptn

t) Amdatirrc2) Targets (crmulative fa 5 ycan)

L-

: l

t:: Xtr,.,;1991/95,,tr*$ilsl

POR'I.AIIONAGED 7 - 12YEAR5 Z)

I Neur Shdenb enterning Fintcrrade

2 TelnmberofStudents

3 T€l nrmberof Crraduatcs

4 NetParticipation Rate 3)

5 CrrcsParticipationRate 4)

1,0(X) peisons

l,{D0 persols

1,000 persons

1,000 persons

To

%o

?5,810,3

4,865.5

29,461.8

3,8n,2

93.5

1(D.9

?5,599.3

4,U7.9

29,350.7

3,93e1

93.7

110.3

25,580.3

4,7427

29,199.4

4,W3.2

94.4

t14.9

Table 21STI.'DE{TS ENROLLE) IN PRIMARY Sq{OOL

1994195:199819!'

r) BdnaeZi Cenraf Burcau of Statirtibs (CBS) Populatioa Proiection (lgg3)

Total number of studenb at SD + MI aged 7 - 12 yars3) N€tParticipationRate =

4) Crrcs Participatioa Rate =

Tol nrmber of population nTlz years age bracket

Total nrmber of students at SD+ MI

x r00%

*. tow"Total number of popuhtion tnFlz yeas age bmacket

5) 'SD" Stards fqkimary School; nMIn (Madrasah lhidaiyah) Stands fc Islamic Primary Sihol.

r28

Tabb XlSTI.'IENTS ENROLLED IN JT,'NIOR SEOONDARY SCHML

1991195-1995199

: . : . . : . : , . : . : : : . : : : : : .1 : f . : ' : . : l - : . :: t : : t t : :.w:.; ::.:.:.:.

. : t : . . 1 : : , ] : t t : : : ,1 : t t i . : , i : : t : , : : l

:: ;: :EliiilCi;:tliiil:iil: :::i : i : : : ] l i : i : . : t : . : t : : i : : : : : . : t : :

:::::.,,::R?nF,lita'V.::,:,.'i':,:,,:, ;, :,:, ::f,tiiiliEiVl : :: :r

,tlff.l9g:l

POPI&ATIONAGED 13-$WqR.S 1)

Gmdutcs hom ltinary Schml +Ma&asahlteiyatr

I*ew Shrdcr$ atFirst Grade

Tctal nubcrof Shdcnb

Tlsal nuber of Gaadrates

lfttParticiptbnRat€ 2)

&$$ParticiptbnRab 3)

Cudiruatln Rab to Jrnlr Secordary $hml +fvbdrasah Tsaawiyatr

1,000 perscs

1,0fi) persons

f,(I00 percons

1,000 persor

1,000 persurs

%

Vo

Vo

L3,243.7

3,837.2

39.9

52.7

66.6

2,556.3

6n6.r

1,924.9

13,405.3

3,y32.r

2,690.5

7344O

1,963.2

41.2

54.8

ea.q

13,2t;2.0

4,WJ.2

3,095.4

8,n8.7

2,505.4

,fE 6

6.2

75.6

1) cBs Pc'p&tion Prcjetion (ffi n-u", or shrderft at Junior sccordary sclrcol + Mrs agcd 13-15 years

2) I{ctParticiFtionRafc =Tol rnmbcr of pqrbtin in 13 - 15 fars brackct

Tcfal rnmbcr of shdcd$ at Junicr Seccrfuy Schd + MIs3) .Gss PartbiptionRate = l(Luuz*

4) "Mrs. 0"**n t;*-rr,"ffi"T[H"mmLt';fliT **

Table 23STUIENTS ENROIIED IN SEhIIOR SEMNDARY SCHOOL

1994195-reetlD

2) CBS Population Pnojcctionr (1993)Tctalrumbcr suietns atseniq secsrdary school (sMU+sMK+tr{A) aged ltslg ycars

3)NetParticipatiqrRatc =

4) Oroes PartbrpationRate =

Total nmber of poplatln in 1G18 years age bractet

:{L0M/Total nmber of pryiatiil in 1G18 years ap brapket

5) 'MTsu (tvladrasahTsamwiyahlare lclamic Lurior$cqdary Schml ; uIdA" (ldadrasahAliyah)ale Islanb Senbr

Secorlary Schml.

:.''.GU..Flry':...:,:,:,:,:,,'1ffi

:,;:i.:.;:H4:ff:.: i:i ...i'.:';

::ffi:*'.:-u.l:::ll::l::ii:1ffi :i#l::i:ij:ll:il,,['lils, l'iilffi:.

POFLnATTONAGED 16-18 TEARS 2)

1. CrraA.Efe$ of Junirr Secondary Schmls +

tvladrasah Tsamwiyah

I{eu, Stdents at First Grade

Tttal l.Iurnber of Shdenb

Tml Nr.mberof Gradutes

NetPartbiptironRarc 3)

G,rcs Pariciption Rate 4)

Cortirruatfrxr rate to Senior Secindary Schml

2.

3.

4.

5,

6.

7.

1,000 penuu

1,000 pcrscrs

f,OOO per.or,,

1,000 peruors

1,fi)0 perrcns

%

Vo

Vo

12,378.7

t,y2'4.9

L,4n.8

4108.5

1,184.3

24;l

33.2

77.8

L2,708.5

1,963.2

.L,543.9

4,47.6

1,216.2

25.0

33.4

78.6

L3,W.0

5,452.5

i,sn.s

30.4

40.5

82.0

2,505.4.

?-054.4

1)Btimatc

130

fable 2[STUIE}ITS F{ROLLED IN TERTIARY EDUCATION

199+195-199t199

1) Btinate2) CBS Population Pr<riection (1993)

3) Cnoss Participation Rate =Total nrmberof higher education studens

Total nqaber of population inl9€A yean bractcX I N T o

137

Table 25FAMILY PIANNING-t991Ur5-l99tl9

:,:figiPliE,:,VI:,:':':,,,:,.;., .,.,:.:i.. ...,.,........,9F.98...,.,.1.,.. .,.. ''.,.....: : : . : : : : : : : . : : : : : : : . . : . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : . : : . : : . : . : : j : . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : . . : : : : -

: : . . t i : : i : : : : t i : . : : ; : : : i : : . l l : : i : : 1 : : l : : : ; . 1 : : : : . : l ; : l

:::::::::;::::l::;::f,hll:::: ::::::::.::* V'.i+l.:.:...;..;; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

j : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : : ; : : : :

; t : . : t : : t : . : t : : . 1 1 i : : : . : t : . : 1 : : l

i r i r l i t t : . . . - . . . , . .

;::::l9tlrqf:i

FAI{ILYPI3T.{NINGGP)

1. I{ewFPPafiiciFr[s 2)

2. ActiveFPParticiFnk 3)

3. Self Rcliarf FP ParticiFnts'4)

4. Ttfal FefiilityRab (IFR)

1,0fi) persons

1,Q00 persus

1,000 pcrsans

perwman

22,137.0

21,469.9

2.9

4,39E.0

22,5m.0

7,5ffi.5

L8

zz,q$.9

25,160.0

2,455.7

2.6

1) Estimate (cuubtive fa 5 yearr)2) Tdl nmbcrof cligiblc cophs wlp have bccnnaiutcdto join fanrly pbrnrng.3) T@l runbcr of cligiblc corylce udn have bccn rtirrcly prtlcipating [n using confinaccpivc.4) Servbcs ard cortracepirrcs arc rs fi.E dd by the gorrcmmert-

132

Table 26I{EALIIITARGETS

r994l9'-r99El9t)

: ' . . . . , : . . . . , i t . j . ' . . . j , j . . . . : . : t : ' i , . t , t : j i : , . . : t : t : . : . : j , . : . : .

.::.::::.::::i::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::.::i::::;::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::

l''1fift.. : : , . | . : . : . : . : . :' : r i : i t : t t : . , t f : t : . : , t t : t t : . : ,

:.:i.::B ,I|[...

]BUCHEATI}ISERVICES

Expanding C-overage of Con

Service throu gh Effective Mefhod

Coveage of hepant Mothers Cteckup at least 4 tines

Coverage of TT2 Immunization for Pregpar Mothers

htovision of Ilon Tablets for hepant Mothers

Coverage of Births assited by Health Personnel.

C-overage of Births assisted by Trained Personnel.

C-overage of PosFNatal Care of Lactating Mothers.

Eldedy llealth Care at Healfh Centers

Refqral Health Care.for.High Risk hegnancy.

ISASE TREVEMNON AND ER,ADICATION

Immunization Coverage for all kind of Antigens for

Children at each Sub Dfutria

Reductbn of PoliohyelAis Morbidity Rate

Reductbn of Neonatal Tetanus Morbidity Rate

Reduction of Diphteria Morbidity Rate

Roductbn of Pertusis Morbidity Rate

Reduction of Measles Morbidity Rate

Reduction of [,ung Tuberculosis Morbidity Rate

Reduction of lvlalaria Morbidity Rate in JavaJali

Reduction of ldalaria Morbidity Rate Ontside ofJava$ali

Reductbn of Dengue llaemortagic Fwer Morbi{ity

Rate in Endemic Subdistrict

Reduction of Diarrhoea Morbidity Rate for alt Ages

Reduction of Schistosomiasis Morbidity Rate in

EndemicAreas

]\IELOPMEI IT OF TRADnONAL MEDICATION

Development and Bstablishment of Traditional Medical

Center.Establishncnt of Traditional M€dical Ggaaization andSsrricePattenr.

Vo

Vo

7o

Vo

Vo

Vo

per lp00population

per 1,000 population

per l,000population

per l,0OOpopulation

per l,000population

Vo

c€nt€r

district

Vo

To

Vo

Vo

Vo

Vo

Vo

%

T9

76

30

0.3

2801

706766

8 r I e 3 l s ot l6 4 1 6 7 1 s 5

6 3 | u r l r tso I ro l s6s I u r l r t70 l ' , 0 | * o3 s | 3 8 1 s 0zo I zo I so

70 | m I4 8 1 e 0 l46 [ r n ls0 [ s0 t66.7 | eo Ix ls l22 I0.8 | o.r I

75

63.6

4t

36.6

42

60;l

2.4

1 '

80

4 0 1 3 80.s I o.t

330 I

3201.4 | r.4

12

30030

Ttble 7IHOUSING AI{D HI.'MAI{ SETILEMENTS

19911!15 - 19t[,l9t)

.::,Crt€6.fy ,iiRbpelitr,li . i ' , ,V,,1), , ,1

,,,RCtrlelitt,Vtr,

is94t95,.8 t1,9f ,- 199slg9

A PROCUREMEIVT OF HOUSING AND HUMAN

SETTLEMENTS

l. Procurement of Settlement Zones

a. Development of Facilities & Infrastructure

in ready for Construction Zones/Areas(KASIBA/LISIBA)- Total ofZones- Extent

b. Development of Zones Selected as

Centers of Rural Development

2. Construction of Simple/

Very Simple Houses (RS/RSS)

B. REHABILITATION OF HOUSING AND HUMAN

zone

hazone

unit

ha

hacity

villageunit

339,700

260

37,0m470

20,000240,m0

--200

70 000

I

100

2 00040

230030 000

11 2002 000

500 000

750

212s0r25

20 000300 000

SETTLEMENTS

l. Renovation ofFacilities and Infrastructure

of Urban Settlement Areas2. Rehabilitation of Urban Settlement .

Areas'

a. Extentb. Total Number of Cities

3. Renovation of Housing and

Settlementi in Poor Villages

a. Rehabilitation of Facilities and Infrastructure

b. Housing Renovation

1) Estinate, cumulative for 5 yean

t34

TeUc 2tCIJAN WATEN, SUPFT.Y TARGETS

r91l9s - 19q,,$9

# -u ='..t ##. t'. tt I

.. t.

::.::.::.i:i::Ufi ::i':i::.:::j :; : , : ' : , . : ,:. : ; : . : . : : . : .

' ;: ;:; : ; : , : , : . ; . . : , : , : , . , I , : , . , : : ; : ; :; : ; : ; : ; : ; : ; :; : ; : . : : : , i , : , : : i ; i; :::

,,,,,:,:,:,:,,,l ' i,:,:,:, ::::V.,1:::::::::::::;::::l::j:::l l l: i

tffi.,r..iffi,.:.U R B A N

l' Percentage of Leakages

a. Metropolitan and Large Cities

b. Medium and Snall Cities

2. Increasing Capacity and ExpansionofSupply (access)

a. Increasing Production Capaci.ql

b. Total number of People with '

access toClean Water

R U R A L

1. Total number of Villages with

access to Clean Water

2. Total numberofPeople withaccess to Clean Water

i V o

Vo

liter/second

,000 persons

village

1,000 persons

38

40

20,0m

27,6n

14,0m

10.5m

2300

1,600

35

35

4200

3,150

25

30

..30,0mn,w

n',offi

16,5m

1) Estinate (cumulative for 5 yean)

135