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© 2007 IBM Corporation
Steve Bowden
Green Computing CTO
IBM Systems & Technology Group
UKISA
Sustainable Computing in a Sustainable Computing in a Carbon Sensitive WorldCarbon Sensitive World
Blue turning Green
2
Is climate change happening and is human activity the cause? This is business sense not politics…
Why do we care?
Do we act?
Is Climate Change Real?
YES NO
YES
OUTCOME
We spent some money, but we’re
alive
OUTCOME
Famine, global depression,
catastrophies, Environ, Health
NO
OUTCOME
The World goes on, but we’ve spent some money,
Global depression
OUTCOME
Phew!
Ack: Wonderingmind42
A Global Economic Bet
3
Data centers are at a tipping point
SOURCE: IDC, ‘Worldwide Server Power and Cooling Expense 2006-2010,’ Document #203598, Sept. 2006
Left unchecked, the cost to power and cool servers in the future may well equal the cost of acquisition.
If IDC 2010 forecast holds, the cost to power and cool servers in the data center will increase by 54%.
IT executives now rank power and cooling in the top 5 among current concerns.
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Installed Base(M Units)
Spending(US$B)
New server spendingServer mgmt and admin costs x4Power and cooling costs x8
05101520253035404550
Today, 50 cents are spent on energy for every dollar of hardware
This is expected to increase by 54% over the next four years
By 2010 Energy = 71% of annum IT spend,
92% of IT Week respondents said IT Director was not liable for the utility bill
Economist – Average energy costs to rise further35% to meet 550 ppb CO2
4
Data Centres
Electrical and building systemsCooling systems
Chiller/Cooling Tower
InformationTechnology
LightingSwitch/Gen
UninterruptiblePowerSupply
Power Distribution
Unit
ComputerRoom Air
Conditioner
Humidifier
Power Use
35%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0% o
f to
tal
dat
a c
ente
r el
ectr
icit
y u
seData Center Energy Efficiency Assessment
Server and storage consolidation and
virtualisationassessments
5
Impact of power and heat on the data center
Source: IBM
Product heat density trend
2008, 50% of today’s data centers will have insufficient power and cooling capacity to meet the demands of high-density equipment
2011, power demand for high-density equipment will level off or decline
2011, in-rack and in-row cooling will be the predominant cooling strategy for high-density equipment
2011, in chassis cooling technologies will be adopted in 15% of servers
Source: Gartner; Meeting the DC power and cooling challenge
6
The Effect of Utilisation
At 20% utilised a server would use 60% of it’s maximum potential power draw
4 x 20% utilised servers = 240% power used
CPU Utilisation %age CPU Utilisation %ageEnergy Usage Energy Usage
At 80% utilised a server would use 75% of it’s maximum potential power draw
1 x 80% utilised = 75% power used
SAVING : 240 – 75 = 165% or 2/3rds
VIRTUALISATION – Allows you to combine those workloads
7
Comparison of typical server utilisation rates and market volumes
UNIX® x86Mainframe
Used
Idle
> 80% 15% - 20% <6%
IDC - UK Server Spend (rolling 12 months)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Eu
ro B
n
Other Netware Unix Windows z&i5/OS Linux
This is why Virtualisation will happen… IDC state that percentage of Virtualised servers sold will Grow from 10% in 2007 to 47% in 2010
8
Storage Power Landscape
Storage Power Consumption/GB
Data Center Storage UsageExternal PB Shipped
Data Center Storage Power Growth
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.6
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: IBM
Source: IBMSource: IDC
Full History Disk Area Density Trend
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year of Production
Gb
/sq
. in
.
60-100% CAGR
25% CAGR
60-100% CAGR
9
Storage Strategies
Source: IBM
0
5
10
15
20
Idle Spinning Typical R/W Operation
3.5" 15K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 10K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 7200 RPM SATA
Wa
tts
Wa
tts
/GB
Speed Kills: Best server class drive in Watts/TB is 7,200 RPM 500 GB drive
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Idle Spinning Typical R/W Operation
3.5" 15K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 10K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 7200 RPM SATA
Wa
tts
/GB
Storage Design StrategiesStorage Design Strategies
VirtualiseVirtualise Tier – Understand your data, what level is appropriateTier – Understand your data, what level is appropriate Balance Disk performance vs. Disk CapacityBalance Disk performance vs. Disk Capacity Number of Spindles/Disks vs. CapacityNumber of Spindles/Disks vs. Capacity When to refresh, when Watt/GB improvesWhen to refresh, when Watt/GB improves
10
IBM’s Data CentersIT Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Strategy
Facility Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Strategy
Centralization
Physical Consolidation
Virtualization
Application Integration
Improved Operations
BestPractices
State-of-the-Art
Consolidate many centers into fewer
Reduce infrastructure complexity
Improve facilities management
Reduce staffing requirements
Improve business resilience (manage fewer things better)
Improve operational costs
Consolidate many servers into fewer on physical resource boundaries
Reduce system management complexity
Reduce physical footprints
Remove physical resource boundaries
Increased hardware utilization
Allocate less than physical boundary
Reduce software licensing costs
Migrate many applications into fewer images
Simplify IT environment Reduction of operations resources Improve application specific monitoring
and tuning
Conservation techniques Infrastructure energy efficiency Improved airflow management
Hot and cold aisles Improved efficiency
transformers, UPS, chillers, fans, and pumps
Free cooling
Integrated power management
Direct liquid cooling
Combined heat and power
11
EEI Green Plan
1. Diagnose : Evaluate existing facilities and energy goals.
Data Center Energy Efficiency AssessmentOptimized airflow assessment for cablingData Center Infrastructure Partner OfferingsZodiac environmental Study Server/Storage Energy Efficiency Power Configurator
Active Energy MgntDC Strategy; Relocation; Specialized ServicesScalable Modular Data CenterEnergy Efficiency Project FinancingBlue Gene – Top 500 winner Green Computing
Cross platform server virtualization (z, i, p, x) Storage virtualization IBM BladeCenter IBM Cell Broadband Engine WebSphere DataPower SOA AppliancesStrategic Architecture,Server,Storage Services
Power Executive softwareTivoli MonitoringUsage and Accounting ManagerEnvironmental compliant /secure disposal
Data Center Stored Cooling Solution Rear Door Heat eXchangerAcoustic DoorVectored Cooling
Green-Plan 5 Steps
IBM Energy Efficiency Initiative
IBM Energy Efficiency Initiative
Green-Plan Offerings _Examples
2. Build: Plan, build or update to an energy efficient data center.
3. Implement: Implement virtualization or new technology
4. Manage & Measure: Use management software.
5. Cool: Exploit liquid cooling in the data center
Project Big Green Progression – The 5 Step plan
12
IT Carbon Footprint UsersGenerating the carbon footprint of IT
IT Carbon Footprint UsersGenerating the carbon footprint of IT
IT Carbon Strategy (As an integral part of the overall IT Strategy)
Directing the carbon footprint of IT driven by business requirements
IT Carbon Strategy (As an integral part of the overall IT Strategy)
Directing the carbon footprint of IT driven by business requirements
IT Carbon Footprint DriversControlling/influencing the carbon footprint of IT
IT Carbon Footprint DriversControlling/influencing the carbon footprint of IT
ITSupply Chain
(IT sourcing, procurement disposal etc)
ITSupply Chain
(IT sourcing, procurement disposal etc)
ApplicationsApplications MiddlewareMiddleware
IT FacilitiesInfrastructure
(Cooling, UPS, etc)
IT FacilitiesInfrastructure
(Cooling, UPS, etc)
Data CentreIT Hardware
(Servers, storage,
network, etc)
Data CentreIT Hardware
(Servers, storage,
network, etc)
Decentralised
IT Hardware(Servers, storage,
network, etc)
Decentralised
IT Hardware(Servers, storage,
network, etc)
DistributedIT Hardware
(PC’s, monitors, printers, copiers
etc)
DistributedIT Hardware
(PC’s, monitors, printers, copiers
etc)
DataData
ITArchitecture & Solution
Design
ITArchitecture & Solution
Design
This diagram focuses on the main IT drivers and users of carbon – if required a more detailed componentlevel breakdown can be created using the IBM Component Business Model for the Business of IT
IT ManagementIT Management
IT ManagementIT Management
House of Carbon IT Room Structure
Customerand product
Supplychain
People
IT Property Information
Strategy
13
Further extend IBM’s early
accomplishments by reducing
CO2 emissions associated with
IBM’s energy use 12% from 2005
to 2012 via energy conservation,
use of renewable energy, and/or
funding CO2 emissions
reductions with Renewable
Energy Certificates or
comparable instruments.
New Goal Announced!
Early Results
40%Between 1990 and 2005, IBM’s global energy conservation actions
reduced or avoided CO2
emissions by an amount
equal to 40% of its 1990
emissions.
600
500
400
300
200
100
02000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Awards & Recognition
Computer Program
CharterMember
1992
Business Environmental Leadership Council Charter Member 2002
CharterMember
2000
WRI Green Power MarketDevelopment Group Charter member 2000
Charter member 2003
Since inception
Environmental Efforts at Big Blue
1605(b) voluntary emissions reporting
since 1995
FORTUNE 500Top 20 2004, 2005, 2006
20052005
The Climate Group2005
USEPAClimate Protection Award1998 and 2006
1998, 1999, 2001
Green Power Purchaser
Award 2006
58%1998 Became the first semi-conductor company to set a numerical target for PFC emissions reduction
Environmental responsibility is a core IBM value
14
Summary
Understand the fundamental rules of Power and Heat Don’t believe the marketing hype
Who are the people that care? Engage them
Utilise IBM’s Skills and years of experience• IBM’s done this