Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 1
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Analyzing and Analyzing and Using Financial Using Financial
InformationInformation
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 2
What Is Accounting?What Is Accounting?CommunicationCommunication
Mea
surin
gM
easu
ring
InterpretingInterpreting
FinancialFinancialAccountingAccountingFinancialFinancial
AccountingAccountingManagementManagementAccountingAccounting
ManagementManagementAccountingAccounting
Decision MakingDecision Making
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 3
What Accountants What Accountants DoDo
What Accountants What Accountants DoDo
Tax Tax AccountingAccounting
Tax Tax AccountingAccounting
BookkeepingBookkeepingBookkeepingBookkeeping
FinancialFinancialAnalysisAnalysis
FinancialFinancialAnalysisAnalysis
Cost Cost AccountingAccounting
Cost Cost AccountingAccounting
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 4
Ten Most Important Ten Most Important Accounting SkillsAccounting Skills
• Analytical
• Problem solving
• Interpersonal
• Listening
• Communication
• Leadership
• Decision making
• Time management
• Teamwork
• Computer
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 5
Types of Types of AccountantsAccountants
• Private or (Corporate) accountants work for a businesses other than a public accounting firm
• Public accountants, are independent of the clients they serve
• Most are employed by accounting firms
• Members of the firm are generally CA’s
PrivatePrivate PublicPublic
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 6
Types of Types of AccountantsAccountants
Chartered Accountant
Certified Management Accountant
Certified General Accountant
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 7
Accounting RulesAccounting Rules
Generally AcceptedAccounting Principles
(GAAP)
Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB)
Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants
(CICA)
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 8
Fundamental Fundamental Accounting Accounting ConceptsConcepts
The AccountingEquation
Double-EntryBookkeeping
The MatchingPrinciple
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 9
The Accounting EquationThe Accounting Equation
Owner’s Equity:
Accounting Equation:
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Assets – Liabilities = Owner’s Equity
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 10
Basic Accounting Basic Accounting ConceptsConcepts
Double-EntryDouble-EntryBookkeepingBookkeepingDouble-EntryDouble-EntryBookkeepingBookkeeping
Matching Matching PrinciplePrincipleMatching Matching PrinciplePrinciple
CashCashBasisBasisCashCashBasisBasis
AccrualAccrualBasisBasis
AccrualAccrualBasisBasis
CashCashPurchasePurchase
CashCashPurchasePurchase
CreditCreditPurchasePurchase
CreditCreditPurchasePurchase
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 11
How Are Financial Statements How Are Financial Statements Used?Used?
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 12
Understanding Understanding Financial Financial
StatementsStatements
Balance SheetBalance Sheet
Income StatementIncome Statement
Cash-Flow StatementCash-Flow Statement
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 13
The Balance SheetThe Balance Sheet
Assets
Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity
Current Assets Fixed Assets
Current Liabilities
Long-TermLiabilities
Shareholder’sEquity
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 14
The Income StatementThe Income StatementThe Income StatementThe Income Statement
Operating Operating ExpensesExpenses
Operating Operating ExpensesExpenses
RevenuesRevenuesRevenuesRevenues
Net IncomeNet IncomeAfter TaxesAfter TaxesNet IncomeNet IncomeAfter TaxesAfter Taxes
Cost of Cost of Goods SoldGoods Sold
Cost of Cost of Goods SoldGoods Sold
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 15
The Cash-Flow The Cash-Flow StatementStatement
Operations
Investments
Financing
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 16
Analyzing Financial Analyzing Financial StatementsStatements
Trend AnalysisTrend Analysis Ratio AnalysisRatio Analysis
Consider MoreThan One Ratio
Uncover Business Shifts
Consider ExtraordinaryCircumstances
Check Specific Data
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 17
Types of Financial Types of Financial RatiosRatios
ActivityActivityActivityActivity LeverageLeverageLeverageLeverage
ProfitabilityProfitabilityProfitabilityProfitability LiquidityLiquidityLiquidityLiquidity
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 18
Profitability RatiosProfitability RatiosReturn on Sales =
Net Income
Net Sales
Return on Equity =Net Income
Total Owner’s Equity
Earnings per Share =Net Income
Average Shares Outstanding
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 19
Liquidity RatiosLiquidity RatiosWorking Capital =
Current Assets –
Current Liabilities
Current Ratio =Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Quick Ratio =Current Assets – Liabilities
Current Liabilities
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 20
Activity RatiosActivity Ratios
Inventory Turnover =Cost of Goods SoldAverage Inventory
Receivables Turnover =Sales
Average Accounts Receivable
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 21
Leverage RatiosLeverage Ratios
Debt to Equity =Total Liabilities
Total Equity
Debt to Total Assets =Total Liabilities
Total Assets
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 13 - 22
Financial ManagementFinancial ManagementDeveloping and Implementing
a Financial Plan
Monitoring Cash Flow
Developing a Budget
•Amount of funds•Sources of funds•Uses of funds
•Cash •Inventory•Receivables and payables
•Financial control•Capital investments•Capital budgeting
