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© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Section 2: High Availability
Clustering Network Load Balancing Geographical Clustering Remote Recovery and Disaster Recovery
Solutions Strategic Authentication and Name Resolution
Ultimate Exchange Server 2003:Heighten Security, Consolidation, and Availability
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Section Objectives
After completing this section, you will be able to: Define high availability in a Microsoft Windows
environment Build an Exchange Server 2003 cluster Explain how network load balancing works Formulate a load-balancing solution for Microsoft
Exchange Server 2003 Name third-party software for geographical
clustering Define a remote recovery solution Describe the best practices regarding authentication
and name resolution for Exchange Server 2003
Knowledge Guide
2-2
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Availability vs. Reliability
Availability: Percentage of availability = (total elapsed time – sum
of downtime)/total elapsed timeReliability (MTBF):
MTBF = (total elapsed time – sum of downtime)/number of failures
2-3
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Availability Percentages 2-3
% Availability Annually
24/7 ShopStandard Business
(8 hr Days)
90%876 hours (36.5 days)
291.2 hours (12.13 days)
99%87.6 hours (3.65 days)
29.12 hours (1.21 days)
99.999% 5.256 minutes 1.747 minutes
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Provides100 percent hardware
redundancyRapid failoverRolling updatesScales up to seven
active EVSs
Provides100 percent hardware
redundancyRapid failoverRolling updatesScales up to seven
active EVSs
Clustering Pros and Cons 2-5
Vulnerable toShared storage
failuresNetwork services
failuresOperational errorsNatural or unnatural
disasters
Vulnerable toShared storage
failuresNetwork services
failuresOperational errorsNatural or unnatural
disasters
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Exchange 2003 Cluster Advantages 2-7
Eight-node clustersKerberos authenticationNew resource-dependency hierarchyVolume mount points
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
New Resource-Dependency Hierarchy 2-8
IMAP4
POP3
HTTP
Microsoftsearch
SMTP
Exchange 2000 Exchange 2003
Systemattendant
Routing
Informationstore
MTA
MTA
Systemattendant
Informationstore
Routing
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Volume Mount Points 2-9
Each storage group in the cluster is assigned a drive letter for storing Exchange data.
Each storage group’s logs and SMTP queues are assigned space using mount points to overcome the limitation of drive letters.
EVS1
EVS2
EVS3
EVS4
M
N
O
P
SG1 logs
SG2 logs
SG3 logs
SG4 logs
SMTP queues
Q
R
S
T
SG1 logs
SG2 logs
SG3 logs
SG4 logs
SMTP queues
E
F
G
H
SG1 logs
SG2 logs
SG3 logs
SG4 logs
SMTP queues
I
J
K
L
SG1 logs
SG2 logs
SG3 logs
SG4 logs
SMTP queues
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Exchange Clustering Concepts 2-10
Active
Active
Active
PassiveFour-node cluster
Fiber Fiber
Fiber Fiber
NIC 1
NIC 1
NIC 1
NIC 1
NIC 2
NIC 2
NIC 2
NIC 2
Fiberswitch
Publicswitch
Privateswitch
SAN
ActiveDirectory,
DNS, clients
EVS1
EVS3
EVS2
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cluster Terminology
Shared nothing architectureResourcesGroupsExchange Virtual ServersQuorum diskHeartbeat networkActive/ActiveActive/Passive
2-11
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Failover 2-13
Node 1Resources go offline
Node 2Resources go online
EVS1 EVS1
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Preferred Owners List 2-14
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disk 8: Quorum
Disk 9: MSDTC
Disk Configurations 2-15
SAN or DAS
Disk 1: SMTP/MTA
Disk 2: SG1 and SG2 databases
Disk 3: SG1 logs
Disk 4: SG2 logs
Disk 5: SG3 and SG4 databases
Disk 6: SG3 logs
Disk 7: SG4 logs
Node 1 (active)EVS1
Node 2 (passive)EVS1
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Load Balancing 2-17
NLB
Busy Idle OfflineFailed
service
DNSround robin
DNS: GK.com
OWA.GK.com
NLB clustermembers
owa.gk.comowa.gk.comowa.gk.comowa.gk.com
172.30.1.100172.30.1.1172.30.1.2172.30.1.3172.30.1.4
172.30.1.1172.30.1.2172.30.1.3172.30.1.4
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Windows Server 2003 NLB 2-19
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hardware NLB 2-20
W2K W2K3 UNIX Novell
HardwareNLB
Sessions
HTTP:80 HTTP:80 HTTP:80 HTTP:80
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Anatomy of a Geographical Cluster 2-21
Mirrored
Corporate office Recovery site
Node4Node3Node2Node1
VLAN
SAN SAN
Disk 2Disk 1
Disk 4Disk 3
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disaster-Prone Areas 2-22
Earthquake
Medium
High
Very high
Tornado
Medium
High
Hurricane
Medium
High
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluating Cluster Operation and Deployment
When evaluating vendors, use the following checklists from Microsoft: “Architecture Basics”checklist “Operational and Deployment Procedures” checklist
2-23
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Remote Recovery and Disaster Recovery Solutions
http://www.xosoft.com/ http://www.nsisoftware.com/ http://www.lefthandnetworks.com/ http://www.softek.com/ http://www.netapp.comhttp://www.emc.com/ (GeoSpan)
2-26
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
NSI GeoCluster 2-27
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
XOsoft WanSync 2-29
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
2-30
WANSync ExchangeMaster Site
M1
WANSync ExchangeReplica Site
R1Resource Transfer:Server IP Address
(single-network scenario)
Server DNS Lookup(multiple-network scenario)
Microsoft Exchange Server Microsoft Exchange Server
Automatic/instantaneous routing ofusers in case of failure
Users
XOsoft WanSync (cont.)
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Strategic Authentication and Name Resolution
DNSDomain controllersGlobal catalog service
2-31
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
DNS High Availability 2-31
ADI DNS zonePrimary private
ADI DNS zonePrimary private
ADI DNS zonePrimary privateStandard zone
Primary public
NLBcluster
Internet
Standard zoneSecondary public
NLBcluster
External DNS
DMZ DNS
AD site2Subnet C Subnet D
AD site1Subnet A Subnet B
AD site3Subnet E Subnet F
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Domain Controller High Availability
Centralized deploymentsDecentralized deploymentsMixed deployments
2-33
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Centralized Domain Controllers 2-34
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decentralized Domain Controllers 2-35
DC DC
DC
DCDC
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mixed Domain Controllers 2-36
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
E2K3
200users
© 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Global Catalog High Availability 2-37
AD site4
DCGC
DCGC
(2) E2K3 servers
AD site1DCGC
AD site3
(8) E2K3 servers
AD site2DCGC
(6) E2K3 servers
(4) E2K3 servers
DCGC
DCGC
DCGC
DCGC