© 2003, Open GIS Consortium, Inc. Open GIS: Helping the World Communicate Geographically April 16, 2003 Louis Hecht Chair, Open GIS Consortium (Europe)

© 2003, Open GIS Consortium, Inc.© 2003, Open GIS Consortium, Inc.

Open GIS: Helping the World Open GIS: Helping the World Communicate GeographicallyCommunicate Geographically

April 16, 2003Louis Hecht

Chair, Open GIS Consortium (Europe) Limited

© 2003, Open GIS Consortium, Inc. 2Helping the World to Communicate Geographically

The OpenGIS Consortium VisionThe OpenGIS Consortium Vision

A world in which everyone benefits from geographic information and services made

available across any network,

application, or platform.


What is OGC?What is OGC?

• The Open GIS Consortium (OGC)

– Not-for-profit, international consortium

– 250+ industry, government, & university members

• Specification Development Program - Committee process similar to other industry consortia and SDO’s (W3C, OMG, ISO, CEN).

• Interoperability Program - Testbeds, pilot projects etc. to develop and test OpenGIS Specifications and help bring conformant products to market.

• Outreach and Community Adoption Program – Education, training and outreach to encourage the use of products with OpenGIS interfaces. Includes business development services for our members.

OGC MissionOGC MissionOur core Our core

mission is to mission is to deliverdeliver

interface interface specificationsspecifications

that are that are openly openly

available for available for global use.global use.


Our goal is …Our goal is …

……improve public and private sector organizations ability to author, improve public and private sector organizations ability to author, publish, share, and use geospatial information in…publish, share, and use geospatial information in…

Neighborhoods, Communities, Localities, Provinces, Nations, Regions, … the World


CollaborationCollaboration

EngageEngage

IndustryPartners

Government Partners

InternationalPartners

OGC Engages Partners in Collaborative EngineeringOGC Engages Partners in Collaborative Engineering

• OGC actively coordinates OGC actively coordinates collaborative engineering activities collaborative engineering activities between programs, organizations, between programs, organizations, industry and communities.industry and communities.

• Variety of vehicles to engage this Variety of vehicles to engage this collaboration - Call for Communities, collaboration - Call for Communities, Call for Participation, Request for Call for Participation, Request for Quotation, process, etc.Quotation, process, etc.

• Collaboration to Collaboration to reduce risk and reduce risk and costs.costs.


Conceptual ModelConceptual Model

• Framework for next-generation vendor-neutral distributed geoprocessing and location systems

• Flexible future applications assembled from multiple, network-enabled geoprocessing and location services

• Integrate with Web Services technologies

• Foundate Information Interoperability

• Reduce barriers between real world, information about the real world, and distributed users


OGC’s Iterative Development ProcessOGC’s Iterative Development Process

Focus on Distributed Systems Engineering Focus on Distributed Systems Engineering YieldsYields

Tested Engineering Specifications, Information Infrastructures, Prototype Implementations Tested Engineering Specifications, Information Infrastructures, Prototype Implementations

OGC Interoperability

Program

OGC Specification

Program

OGC Outreach Program

Draft Engineering

Specifications

Adopted Specifications

Holes and Enhancements

SCOTS Implementations

Prototype Implementations

Requirements

Distributed Systems


Standards and Specifications are Important to Standards and Specifications are Important to InteroperabilityInteroperability

• Standards enable the “one-to-many” character of a network.

• When they work, you may not notice them.

• Advances in technology drive the need for standards and interoperability. For example:

– “Standard Time” came from the railroad industry.

– The Internet is built on standards (TCP/IP).

– World Wide Web is built on standards Standards (HTTP/XML).

• Geospatial Interoperability means spatial systems can work together to meet market needs.

Client1 Client2 Client3

Server1 Server2 Server3

Client1

Server1 Server2 Server3

Client2

Figure 1: “Stove Pipe” Systems

Figure 2: Network of Systems


Market SignalsMarket Signals

• Diminishing use of the term “Geographic Information System”

• Increasing use of “spatially enabled enterprise services”, “location services” and “location-based services”.

• Geographic processing is no longer isolated.

• Geographic information services support business processes throughout an enterprise - decision support, route planning, analysis tools, geocoding, gazetteer services, geoparsing, proximity determination, locating points of customer service…


Addressing Market RequirementsAddressing Market Requirements

Users want to blend spatial technology with classic information technology (IT) topics like

• security, authentication • real-time requirements • process chaining • accuracy, time and timeliness • multi-use information • persistence, revision and versioning • business objects and their rules • upward compatibility…..


Domains are Changing RequirementsDomains are Changing Requirements

• Traditional map makers, photo interpreters, surveyors, and GIS analysts benefit from automated tools, better access to data, more data, improved means of distribution, etc.

• Judgment and training remain essential in creating spatial information products.

• Expanding Spatial Data Infrastructures put spatial information products – and raw data and tools – into the hands of – More people in traditional user domains: planning, resource management,

utilities, agriculture etc.

– People in new user domains: risk management, e-Gov, first responders, customer support, logistics, insurance, etc.


Why is Interoperability Important to Spatial Data Why is Interoperability Important to Spatial Data Infrastructure?Infrastructure?

• People care about SDI because they need information.– Networks supply more information than “islands of automation.”

• Resources are limited.– Both data and software tend to become less expensive through

interoperability.

• Finding useful data has been difficult.– Digital catalogs support much faster discovery, assessment and access by

individuals.

• Geoprocessing software has been expensive.– The component paradigm and Web Services paradigm save save society

time and money.

• Sharing data reduces redundant efforts, but sharing has been difficult.– Technical interoperability gives users Web-direct views into online data sets,

and Web-direct access to the real data, usually eliminating the need for batch transfers and batch conversions.

– XML will be helpful in overcoming semantic non-interoperability at the human and machine levels.


Quick Reference of OpenGISQuick Reference of OpenGIS®®

Specifications – AccomplishmentsSpecifications – AccomplishmentsTo DateTo Date


Categories of OpenGISCategories of OpenGIS®® Specifications 2003 Specifications 2003

• Encodings / Common Architecture – Encodings and interfaces that underpin the entire framework of OGC Implementation Specifications– GML

• OpenGIS Web Services– Catalog Services – Publish, Discover and access geospatial data, services

– Web Mapping Services – Dynamic access, integration and visualization of geospatial information

– Geospatial Fusion Services – Discover, geocode and apply spatial information from text and other non mapping sources

– Sensor Web Services – access and integrate data from sensor and sensor networks

– Web Exploitation Services – dynamic application of geospatial information between collaborating organizations

– Open Location Services – Core framework of specifications to enable applications on mobile, location aware networks


Another Information Community’s Schema

Highway is:_Pavement thickness_Right of way_Width ….

Cell transm. Platform is:_Location_No. of antennas_Elevation ….

One Information Community’s Schema

Road is:_Width_Lanes_Pavement type ….

Cell tower is:_Owner_Height_Licensees ….

(an instance of Road in one IC’s schema)

Mayberry’s Cell Tower

(an instance of Cell Transm. Platform in another IC’s schema)

Mayberry Road

GML 3.0 ready for prime time!Support for complex geometries, spatial and temporal reference systems, topology, units of measure, metadata, feature and

coverage visualization. Backward compatible

GML defines a data encoding in XML that allows geographic data and its attributes to be moved between disparate systems with

ease Version 3.0 advances interoperability on all fronts!!

Geography Markup Language: Geography Markup Language: Representing Geographic FeaturesRepresenting Geographic Features


Foundation OpenGIS ServicesFoundation OpenGIS Services


Data Catalogs

a URL

Spatial data servers with metadata and OpenGISinterfaces

Registered geodata metadataMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URL

Registered geodata metadataMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a

Registered geodata metadataMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URLMetadata for a feature collection, and a URL………

Where?When?How?What?Who?Why?

Service Information

Model

Catalog Information

Model


a URL

Service CatalogsSpatial services servers with service metadata and OpenGISinterfaces

Collection of service metadataMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a

Collection of service metadataMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URL

Collection of service metadataMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URLMetadata for an online service, and a URL

Need a ProcessingFunction!Service

Information Model

Catalog Information

Model


– All connected to the web

– All sensors reporting position

– All sensors have defined observables

– All with metadata registered

Sensor WebSensor Web


OneOne set of geospatial information… set of geospatial information… ……manymany different styles! different styles!

Style Management

Services


Yet another Information Community’s Schema

Traffic corridor is:_No. of vehicles/hour_Limited access_Lanes ….

Cellular transmitter is:_Cell region_Location_Transmitter type ….

Another Information Community’s Schema

Highway is:_Pavement thickness_Right of way_Width ….

Cell trans. platform is:_Location_No. of antennas_Elevation ….

One Information Community’s Schema

Road is:_Width_Lanes_Pavement type ….

Cell tower is:_Owner_Height_Licensees ….

Information Interoperability Next Challenge….

New InformationCommunity Schema

Road is:__ Width__ Slope__ Lanes

….

TransformInformation Structures

Provide SemanticTranslation

….Data models and semantics


Distributed Geoprocessing RequirementDistributed Geoprocessing Requirement Inter-related Standards and Specification Support Inter-related Standards and Specification Support

OGC“ESDC”

OMG

W3C

OASIS

IETF

ISO

CEN

Distributed GeoprocessingDistributed Geoprocessing

OGC Interoperability Program:OGC Interoperability Program:Four Years of ProgressFour Years of Progress

Concern

• # of Specs Accepted or in progress• Tested components• # of Conformant or Implementing Products• Members• OGC Investment• Initiatives Planned or in Progress• Sponsors• Strategic Members• IP Team members

• Approximate time to spec acceptance• Incorporation of broader IT specs and standards

1998

• 2 (Simple Features)

•1 (Oracle was dry run)

• 0

• 146• Membership only• 1

• 2 (Grew to 5 in 1999)• 2 • 3

• 4 years

• SQL, COM, CORBA

2002

• >30 (11 Accepted; >20 in progress)• Hundreds

• Hundreds

• 240• Investment 7x greater• 12 (3 more under review)• >20 • 8 (3 Gov’t, 5 Private)• 19 (from 7 organizations)

• 18 months

• ISO, SQL, W3C, OMG, OASIS, ANSI, IETF, more


Where to Find OGC SpecificationsWhere to Find OGC Specifications- - www.opengis.orgwww.opengis.org - -

http://www.opengis.org/


Where to Find Software that Implements / Conforms to OGC Where to Find Software that Implements / Conforms to OGC SpecificationsSpecifications

Click on “Implementing Products” at

www.opengis.org


A Snapshot of 2003 and ForwardA Snapshot of 2003 and Forward


OpenGIS Reference Model (ORM)OpenGIS Reference Model (ORM)

• The ORM is based on the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP, ISO/IEC 10746), a widely used methodology for architecting open, distributed processing systems.

• The ORM helps you develop a clear and detailed idea about what you want to do, then helps you design an architecture and implementation strategy.

• The ORM documents the OGC technology baseline in terms of enterprise, information, and technology view points.

• INSPIRE and GOS and their component enterprise systems will have multiple users, developers, operators, and reviewers, each viewing the system from their own viewpoint. The ORM helps ensure that each view will be consistent with the overall requirements and with the other views.

• The ORM provides examples.


OGC Technology Maturity

T

Concept

Design

Prototype

Testbeds

TechnicalBaseline

Integration

OpenGISSpec

Annual TB Annual TB Goals Goals

Mid-LongMid-Long

Term TB Goals Term TB Goals

Technical Technical Baseline Baseline

Maturation Maturation

Technical Plan:

• Initiatives

• Maturation

• Utility

2003 Priority – 2003 Priority – Stabilize and Enhance OGC Spec Utility Stabilize and Enhance OGC Spec Utility

29© 2003, Open GIS Consortium, Inc.

Standards

Organization

Standards

Scope Harmonisation Requirements

National GI StandardsBodies

EuropeanMemberStates

EuropeanUnion

European Committee For Standarisation (CEN) Regional

Digital Geographic Information Working Group

International OrganisationFor Standarisation (ISO)

Open GIS Consortium

International

CEN, OGC, and ISO

Proposed Bodies of INSPIRE

CEN, OGC and ISO

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and Pacific

ANSI

ISO, OGC, W3C

CEN, W3C, IETF, OASIS

Other Industry Groups

Towards a European Specification and Towards a European Specification and Standards Infrastructure for GIStandards Infrastructure for GI


• Develops common interfaces and schemas that support the Spatial Web, a world-wide network of geographic data and geoprocessing services

• Allows future applications to be assembled from multiple, network-enabled geoprocessing services implementing OpenGIS Specifications

• Integrates mainstream Web Services Integrates mainstream Web Services standards into the geospatial marketstandards into the geospatial market

• Generates next-generation Web Mapping, Generates next-generation Web Mapping, multi-source Feature and Imagery multi-source Feature and Imagery production, Information Interoperability, production, Information Interoperability, distributed Sensor Webs, GeoCommerce distributed Sensor Webs, GeoCommerce specificationsspecifications

Information Interoperability

OGC Web Services (OWS) OGC Web Services (OWS)


Advancing OGC Technical Baseline to support multi-source, network-Advancing OGC Technical Baseline to support multi-source, network-centric environments:centric environments:

– Overall OGC Service Framework Overall OGC Service Framework – Common Source and Product ProcessingCommon Source and Product Processing– Feature, Imagery, and Intelligence ProductionFeature, Imagery, and Intelligence Production– Common Product Processing and OperationsCommon Product Processing and Operations

OGC Web Services: OGC Web Services: 2002-Present2002-Present

App

Server

Data

App

Server

Data

Feature

Production

Imagery

Production

Other information production

App

Server

Data

App

Server

Data

App

Server

Data

App

Server

Data

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

1 SCOTS-based Production Apps & Components

Common Source

Processing

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

Data

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

Data

App

Server

Data

App

Server

Data

Public Source

Open Source

Commercial Source

2Common Source Processing

Common Product

Processing

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

Data

App Ser.

Data Ser.

App

Data

App

Server

Data

App

Server

Data

3Common Product Processing

Common Operations

Pres

CINC

Analyst

Common Operations

PresSurveyor

BANK

Appraiser

4Common Operations

OGC Service Framework

5OGC Interoperability Framework

Legacy Systems New Interoperable Applications

1

1

1

2 34

5

Multi-Source Environment


OWS-2OWS-2Emerging Concept of OperationsEmerging Concept of Operations

ActiveArchive C

PortalService B

Systems on network can access data for value added processing and decision support applications

Users on exploitation workstations, with web browsers, or on mobile devices can exploit information via appropriate Engineering Channels and Nodes

CommodityInternet

Cellular Channel

Agency 1

EnterpriseInternet

Agency 2 Agency 3

WirelessChannel

DecisionSupport

Processes

Image Libraries

Multi-Source Information

Interoperability

Multi-Source Information

Interoperability

Network ServicesNetwork Services

Enterprise, Internet, Wireless, or Cellular EnvironmentsEnterprise, Internet, Wireless, or Cellular Environments

Shared Database Servers

Shared Database Servers

Service orientation with n-tier distribution capability, self-description, and stateless operations

Common XML encodings, defined interface syntax between systems, information models for services descriptions and metadata

Link sensor platforms to the network via network-centric services

System BSystem B

System ASystem A

ApplicationService

GroundStation

System CSystem CInformation Discovery ServicesInformation Discovery Services

Sensors and Platforms (Sources)

Value

Added

Value

Added

22

44

11

55

Agency ...

33

ApplicationService D

Information Productionand Access Services

Information Productionand Access Services

Output Processing

Registries/Catalogs


Geospatial Community

s

www.ogcnetwork.org

Reference Implementations

WMS

WFSWMS

WFS

WMS

Lab accessible on OGC Network

Company A WMS v1.1.1Company B WFS v1Company C WMS v1.0.0

CITE Portal Reference Implementations

Conformance Testing

Resources

WMS TesterWFS TesterGML TesterTest Resources

• Develops Consortium-approved Develops Consortium-approved process by which software process by which software vendors can prove their vendors can prove their products’ conformance to products’ conformance to OGC’s OpenGIS SpecificationsOGC’s OpenGIS Specifications

• CITE Initiative provides a CITE Initiative provides a methodology and tools which meet methodology and tools which meet vendors’ need to distinguish their vendors’ need to distinguish their products from non-conformant products from non-conformant products and the buyers’ need for products and the buyers’ need for guarantees of interoperabilityguarantees of interoperability

OGC Conformance and Interoperability Test and OGC Conformance and Interoperability Test and Evaluation (CITE) Initiative Evaluation (CITE) Initiative


CITE StatusCITE Status

• Study completed• Conformance Test Engine:

– Notation stabilized (v1.2)– Engine in Beta testing

• Scripts– WMS and WFS assertions are

near stable– GML validator works for GML

2.1, moving to 3.0

• Reference Implementations– Underway

• Portal– Design and content-free

prototype built

• Upcoming milestones by September– Conformance Test Engine – Full

Operating Capability– GML Validator - Full Operating

Capability– WMS Test Script - Full Operating

Capability– WFS Test Script - Full Operating

Capability– CITE Portal – Initial Operating

Capability– WMS Reference Implementation

– Initial Operating Capability– WFS Reference Implementation -

Initial Operating Capability


They care about:

Which industries care about property and land information?

• Insurance• Real Estate• Banking• Government• Civil Eng./Arch.• Construction• Oil & minerals• Farming, ranching, forestry• Environmental protection

Title

Mortgage & liens

Structures

Rights of way

Metes and bounds

Mineral rights

Insurance coverage

Utility assets

Assessed & market value$

34 m.34

m.

Property and Land Information InitiativeProperty and Land Information Initiative


Property and Land Information Initiative Planning Property and Land Information Initiative Planning Activity - Call for SponsorsActivity - Call for Sponsors

• Call for Sponsors for a Planning Activity that may support future development of an OGC Property and Land Information (PLI) Initiative.

• This planning activity will seek interested Sponsors to provide input on – technology requirements and

concepts to foster development of next-generation interoperable networked architectures

– capabilities to enable broader sharing and application of property data and land information between collaborating organizations.


OGC Geographic Objects (GO) TestbedOGC Geographic Objects (GO) Testbed

Abstract Model (UML)

Profile for DCP

Implementation

Geographic Objects Initiative supports spatially enabled enterprises leveraging

web-based and object-driven architectures

• Extends OGC’s focus beyond Web-based Services

• Provides for needs of future interoperability on multiple computing platforms

• Uses Unified Modeling Language™ (UML™) to capture and express the essence of information and services

• Allows developers to take advantage of the valuable components on any development platform required.


With OGC InterfacesWith OGC Interfaces

Seconds to Minutes,insteadof days

Up to datedata

Get exactly what you want, not an entire continent

Vendorneutral

Formatneutral


ContactsContacts

Mr. Louis HechtChair, Open GIS Consortium (Europe) [email protected]+1 301 792 1365

Mr. Guenther PichlerManaging Director,Open GIS Consortium (Europe)[email protected]+49 (89) 43692-159

Mr. Mark Reichardt, Executive Director, Outreach and Community Adoption [email protected]+1 301 840-1361

Documents

© 2003, Open GIS Consortium, Inc. Open GIS: Helping the World Communicate Geographically April 16, 2003 Louis Hecht Chair, Open GIS Consortium (Europe)