Open GIS Consortium for a changing world. Spatial connectivity © 2000, Open GIS Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved New Wave Geospatial Services EC-GIS

© 2000, Open GIS Consortium, Inc. All Rights R© 2000, Open GIS Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reservedeserved

Open GIS ConsortiumOpen GIS Consortium

for a changing world.

Spatial connectivitySpatial connectivity

New Wave GeospatialNew Wave Geospatial Services Services

EC-GIS 6EC-GIS 6

Lyon, FRLyon, FR

June 29, 2000June 29, 2000




Spatial Spatial connectivityconnectivity

OGC Status in BriefOGC Status in Brief

• OGC is maturingOGC is maturing– Continuous flow of specificationsContinuous flow of specifications

– Deeply committed members doing most of the workDeeply committed members doing most of the work

• Driving forcesDriving forces– Meet need for information superiority for business success Meet need for information superiority for business success

– Position integrated geospatial content for mainstream business processesPosition integrated geospatial content for mainstream business processes

– Bring geospatial to mainstream computing - the internetBring geospatial to mainstream computing - the internet

• OGC’s felt sense of urgencyOGC’s felt sense of urgency– Market can no longer afford to hedge their business on unique Market can no longer afford to hedge their business on unique

technologies technologies

– After 6 years OGC becoming increasingly strategic and leveraged After 6 years OGC becoming increasingly strategic and leveraged

– Need to “get in front” of ad hoc developments of entrepreneursNeed to “get in front” of ad hoc developments of entrepreneurs





Where Do OGC Interfaces Sit?Where Do OGC Interfaces Sit?

The NetThe Net

Dataetc

Dataetc

Enterprises: Info Service

Consumers and Providers

SmallBusinesses

Intranets &

Extranets

Governments & Large-Medium

Businesses

Info ServiceConsumers

Consumers

Agents

Dataetc

Dataetc

Intranets

Value-addData

Producers

Dataetc

Dataetc

Dataetc

Intranets Intranets

Info Service

ProvidersExtranetExtranet

Foundation Data Producers

Dataetc





In Data Stores and Application Service LevelsIn Data Stores and Application Service Levels

The NetThe Net

Dataetc

Dataetc



SmallBusinesses

Intranets &

Extranets


Businesses


Consumers

Agents

Dataetc

Dataetc

Intranets

Value-addData

Producers

Dataetc

Dataetc

Dataetc

Intranets Intranets

Info Service



Standards-basedGeoServices

•Presentation & Portrayal•Feature Services•Catalog Services

•Coordinate Trans. Service•Data Translation Service

Standards-basedData Services •Metadata Services•Fusion Services

•Web Mapping Services

GeoData•Foundation and Value-

added data

Dataetc





Evolution of OpenGIS Specification Development Evolution of OpenGIS Specification Development ProcessProcess

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Obstacles:

• Protracted spec development process

• Reluctant vendor participation

• Limited sponsor participation

• No internet strategy defined

• No European business strategy

Re-engineeringOf OGC ProcessesTo Be More ResponsiveAnd Overcome Obstacles

• Define mission• Base membership• Build process• Key concepts: “Guide”

• Foundation specs• Expand membership• Refine process• First “Demo”

Spec Production

Interoperability Program

WMT I

Procurement process

Resource Mgmt

• Creation of European identity•3 Funded EC Projects

• Incubate & prototype new specs

•WMS•GML•Location Organizer

• Accelerate spec adoption• Coverages, Catalogs, Web Mapping, Coord. Trans, Features

• Focus on market objectives

• Procurement language for USG

• Focus and prioritize resources

Market Architecture

Accomplishments:

Reqmts

OGC-E

USL/WMT 2GFS

Five Families of OpenGIS specifications





OGC’s Process and Market FitOGC’s Process and Market Fit

Needs

Requirements

Process

Specifications

Products

Markets

Markets

Needs

Requirements

Process

Specifications

Products

ManagementCommittee

TechnicalCommittee

Members





Geospatial Market Segments Geospatial Market Segments

New Wave Services

Mapping & Charting RevenueEnhancement

LocationServices





Users Fundamental ConcernsUsers Fundamental Concerns

• adopting spatial processes as integrable components of enterprise adopting spatial processes as integrable components of enterprise environments, rather than map making or spatial data base production environments, rather than map making or spatial data base production - where concern rests more with blending spatial technology with - where concern rests more with blending spatial technology with classic information technology (IT) topics like classic information technology (IT) topics like

– organizational performance and productivity, cost reduction and margin organizational performance and productivity, cost reduction and margin improvement, customer relationship, information scalability, data mining, improvement, customer relationship, information scalability, data mining, transaction management, security, authentication, real-time requirements, transaction management, security, authentication, real-time requirements, integration of spatial information into non-spatial information processes, integration of spatial information into non-spatial information processes, process chaining, accuracy, time and timeliness, multi-use information, process chaining, accuracy, time and timeliness, multi-use information, persistence, revision and versioning, business objects and their rules, persistence, revision and versioning, business objects and their rules, upward compatibility…..upward compatibility…..





IT Market Drivers for EnterpriseIT Market Drivers for Enterprise

• Bringing quality information to many users for many purposesBringing quality information to many users for many purposes

• Squeezing out all the efficiencies in information management and Squeezing out all the efficiencies in information management and

distributiondistribution

• The three click rule and one stop, self-service shoppingThe three click rule and one stop, self-service shopping

• Aggregation within the information supplier marketAggregation within the information supplier market

• Formation of the information service marketFormation of the information service market

• The internet as an information delivery and marketing platformThe internet as an information delivery and marketing platform

• Explosive growth in business to business collaboration and Explosive growth in business to business collaboration and

partnerships to share the load and do what neither can accomplish partnerships to share the load and do what neither can accomplish

alonealone





Other Signals Are PresentOther Signals Are Present

• diminishing use of the term “GIS” diminishing use of the term “GIS” • the increasing use of “spatially enabled enterprise services”, “location the increasing use of “spatially enabled enterprise services”, “location

services” and “location-based services”. services” and “location-based services”. – where geographic information and processing is no longer primarily an where geographic information and processing is no longer primarily an

end in itself or merely Government-related, but is justified in terms of the end in itself or merely Government-related, but is justified in terms of the services brought to businesses and consumers in the much larger services brought to businesses and consumers in the much larger marketplace - route planning, route guidance, geocoding, gazetteer marketplace - route planning, route guidance, geocoding, gazetteer services, geoparsing, proximity-based advertising, locating points of services, geoparsing, proximity-based advertising, locating points of service…...service…...

• For OGC to institute successful business approaches to better For OGC to institute successful business approaches to better integrate spatial into the wider set of business requirements. integrate spatial into the wider set of business requirements. – Extend relationship with other business components in enterprise Extend relationship with other business components in enterprise

marketplace including businesses dedicated to telephony, wireless marketplace including businesses dedicated to telephony, wireless services, broadband, voice technologies, devices, content providers, in-car services, broadband, voice technologies, devices, content providers, in-car systems, locating services, billing, privacy, and security, among otherssystems, locating services, billing, privacy, and security, among others





Extending OGC’s Reach?Extending OGC’s Reach?

The NetThe Net

Agents

Dataetc

Dataetc

Intranets

Value-addData

Producers

Dataetc

Dataetc

Dataetc

Intranets Intranets

Info Service



Standards-basedData Services •Metadata Services•Fusion Services

•Web Mapping Services

GeoData•Foundation and Value-

added data

Dataetc

LOCATIONSERVICE REGIME


Consumers

Dataetc

Dataetc



Intranets &

Extranets

SmallBusinesses


Businesses

Standards-basedGeoServices

•Presentation & Portrayal•Feature Services•Catalog Services

•Coordinate Trans. Service•Data Translation Service

LOCATION SERVICE REGIME





Next Wave OpportunitiesNext Wave Opportunities

• Business Support SystemsBusiness Support Systems - Enterprise Services (for example) - Enterprise Services (for example)

– Land Title and Tenure Land Title and Tenure

• Requirements for building networked-based spatial data infrastructures,Requirements for building networked-based spatial data infrastructures,

• Commercial and public update, distribution and application services for Commercial and public update, distribution and application services for data sharing, brokering and exchangedata sharing, brokering and exchange

– Infrastructure Services for Telecommunications Companies and UtilitiesInfrastructure Services for Telecommunications Companies and Utilities

• Fundamental Interface Services to Meet Business Operation NeedsFundamental Interface Services to Meet Business Operation Needs

• Fundamental Interfaces Services to Meet Customer Relationship NeedsFundamental Interfaces Services to Meet Customer Relationship Needs

• Personal ProductivityPersonal Productivity - Location Services…. - Location Services….





Location ServicesLocation ServicesVolume Market OpportunitiesVolume Market Opportunities

1. Where am I?1. Where am I?

2. Pinpoint2. Pinpoint

3. Emergency Services3. Emergency Services

4. Mayday4. Mayday

5. Where Is?5. Where Is?

6. Who's Nearest?6. Who's Nearest?

7. Personal Navigator7. Personal Navigator

8. Vehicle Navigator8. Vehicle Navigator

9. Local Information9. Local Information

10. Traffic Telematics10. Traffic Telematics

11. Vehicle Rescue Service11. Vehicle Rescue Service

12. Automated Tolling/ Ticketing12. Automated Tolling/ Ticketing

13. Asset Tracking/ Control13. Asset Tracking/ Control

14. Delivery Tracking14. Delivery Tracking

15. Guardian15. Guardian

16. Critical Health Monitoring16. Critical Health Monitoring

17. Location Specific Advertising17. Location Specific Advertising

18. Announcements18. Announcements

19. Location Sensitive Billing19. Location Sensitive Billing

20. Location Sensitive Routing20. Location Sensitive Routing

21. Location Sensitive Quickdials21. Location Sensitive Quickdials

22. Multi-user Gaming22. Multi-user Gaming

23. Location Sensitive Call/Mobile 23. Location Sensitive Call/Mobile ControlControl

24. Cellular System Optimization24. Cellular System Optimization





OGC’s Go Forward ApproachOGC’s Go Forward Approach

• Retain the OpenGIS Project renaming it OpenGIS ConsortiumRetain the OpenGIS Project renaming it OpenGIS Consortium

• Form another Project - OpenLocation Services ConsortiumForm another Project - OpenLocation Services Consortium

• Extend regional approach to encompass Location ServicesExtend regional approach to encompass Location Services





Location Services - High Level SegmentationLocation Services - High Level Segmentation

ConsumerUser

Market

BusinessUser

Market

EmergencyServices

SAFETY

SECURITY

INFORMATION

ADVERTISING

NAVIGATION





Location Services - the Business RationaleLocation Services - the Business Rationale

• Location information enhances Location information enhances manymany applications covering voice, applications covering voice, data and combined voice/ data data and combined voice/ data

• Location based servicesLocation based services– Support specialized “community interest” applicationsSupport specialized “community interest” applications

– Revenue Generating OpportunitiesRevenue Generating Opportunities• AdvertisingAdvertising• Query and TransactionsQuery and Transactions• SubscriptionSubscription• Follow through from service e.g. call revenuesFollow through from service e.g. call revenues

– Customer loyalty enhancementCustomer loyalty enhancement





Location Services and DevicesLocation Services and Devices

• Services that empower devices and usersServices that empower devices and users– devices that take advantage of their location or mobility, or that take devices that take advantage of their location or mobility, or that take

advantage of the location or mobility of other devices or objects with advantage of the location or mobility of other devices or objects with devices. devices.

• The notion of “device” used here includes cell phones, palm tops, and The notion of “device” used here includes cell phones, palm tops, and other information technology components with similar characteristics. other information technology components with similar characteristics. Also included are fixed devices:Also included are fixed devices:– lap-tops, lap-tops,

– kiosks, kiosks,

– dash board or automobile-based computers, dash board or automobile-based computers,

– satellite-based components, satellite-based components,

– cell antennaecell antennae





RankRank Heading # annual Heading # annual references (mil) references (mil)

1.1. Restaurants Restaurants 1179.91179.9

2.2. Physicians & SurgeonsPhysicians & Surgeons 1082.71082.7

3.3. Automobile PartsAutomobile Parts 639.0 639.0

4.4. Auto Repair & ServiceAuto Repair & Service 533.6 533.6

5.5. PizzaPizza 452.2 452.2

6.6. Automobile DealersAutomobile Dealers 317.9 317.9

7.7. Attorneys/LawyersAttorneys/Lawyers 284.9 284.9

8.8. DentistsDentists 284.5 284.5

9.9. Department StoresDepartment Stores 276.8 276.8

10.10. HospitalsHospitals 266.3 266.3

11.11. InsuranceInsurance 246.2 246.2

12.12. Beauty SalonsBeauty Salons 219.1 219.1

13.13. BanksBanks 218.9 218.9

14.14. FloristsFlorists 206.3 206.3

15.15. Plumbing ContractorsPlumbing Contractors 201.4 201.4

16.16. TheatersTheaters 184.1 184.1

17.17. VeterinariansVeterinarians 173.2 173.2

18.18. HotelsHotels 151.1 151.1

19.19. Airline CompaniesAirline Companies 150.7 150.7

20. Hardware Retail20. Hardware Retail 140.5 140.5

21.21. Tire DealersTire Dealers 126.8 126.8

22.22. ChurchesChurches 111.2 111.2

23. 23. FurnitureFurniture 102.0 102.0

24.24. Pharmacies Drugstores 101.8Pharmacies Drugstores 101.8

25.25. Automobile RentingAutomobile Renting 95.9 95.9

25.25. GrocersGrocers 95.9 95.9

……

310. Boat Equipment310. Boat Equipment 5.5 5.5

310. Copying Machines310. Copying Machines 5.5 5.5

310. Refrigerating Equipment 5.5310. Refrigerating Equipment 5.5

310. Skiing Equipment310. Skiing Equipment 5.5 5.5

310. Welding Equipment & Supplies 5.5310. Welding Equipment & Supplies 5.5

Yellow Listing VolumeYellow Listing VolumeFrom the Yellow Pages Publishers Association, yppa.comFrom the Yellow Pages Publishers Association, yppa.com





Enterprises and Location DataEnterprises and Location Data

• For a Electric Power Distribution EnterprisesFor a Electric Power Distribution Enterprises– PolesPoles - Conductors- Conductors

– ConduitsConduits - Manholes- Manholes

– TransformersTransformers - Meters, etc.- Meters, etc.

• Regional Repositories Cover their Service AreaRegional Repositories Cover their Service Area• Collectively, they Cover the Electrified WorldCollectively, they Cover the Electrified World• Differences in Schema addressed by Thesauri or Semantic Differences in Schema addressed by Thesauri or Semantic

TranslatorsTranslators





The Value Chain PerspectiveThe Value Chain Perspective• Data Content Owners - Data Content Owners -

– Navigation Technologies, TeleAtlas, AND Mapping, Geographic Data Navigation Technologies, TeleAtlas, AND Mapping, Geographic Data Technology, Zenrin, Etak, Zagats, Michelin, SmartRoute, Governments - Technology, Zenrin, Etak, Zagats, Michelin, SmartRoute, Governments - NMA’sNMA’s

• Service Technology Providers - Service Technology Providers - – SnapTrak, Telcontar, SiRF, EtakSnapTrak, Telcontar, SiRF, Etak

• Connectivity Service Providers - Connectivity Service Providers - – Vodafone, AT&T, Sprint, France Telecom,…...Vodafone, AT&T, Sprint, France Telecom,…...

• Platform Providers - Platform Providers - – Gateways and protocol stacks - Sun, AOL, Nokia, Ericsson with WAP Forum/ Gateways and protocol stacks - Sun, AOL, Nokia, Ericsson with WAP Forum/

W3C/ IETF protocols throughout the stackW3C/ IETF protocols throughout the stack– Operating system - Windows Powered Pocket PC, Psion/EPOC/Symbian, Operating system - Windows Powered Pocket PC, Psion/EPOC/Symbian,

Wind River/VXWorks, Palm OSWind River/VXWorks, Palm OS– Hardware - Psion/Palm/Mobile phoneHardware - Psion/Palm/Mobile phone





The Value Chain The Value Chain (continued)(continued)

• Advertising and Information AggregatorsAdvertising and Information Aggregators

– Webraska, InfomoveWebraska, Infomove • Vertical Service Providers - Vertical Service Providers -

– Westwood One, Etak/CUE trafficWestwood One, Etak/CUE traffic

• Humans - Driver/Pedestrian, Anybody elseHumans - Driver/Pedestrian, Anybody else





OGC’s Contribution to Location ServicesOGC’s Contribution to Location Services

• A Location is a Geometry A Location is a Geometry • OGC expresses geometry in well known ways and structuresOGC expresses geometry in well known ways and structures• The “Location” of Feature X is exposed by exposing the Geometry of The “Location” of Feature X is exposed by exposing the Geometry of

Feature X.Feature X.• This enables This enables

– InteroperabilityInteroperability

– Calculus on LocationsCalculus on Locations

– ExtensibilityExtensibility

– Integration of Commerce and GISIntegration of Commerce and GIS





Popular Location TypesPopular Location Types

• Point Point (1, 2, 3, or 4-dimensional)(1, 2, 3, or 4-dimensional)– May include quality and authority parametersMay include quality and authority parameters– May use GPS or Cellular technologiesMay use GPS or Cellular technologies

• Lines, Polygons, Compound Curves, …Lines, Polygons, Compound Curves, …• Segmented LineSegmented Line

a.a. 300 yards north of mile marker 143 on Interstate 66. 300 yards north of mile marker 143 on Interstate 66.

b.b. Between two and three miles downstream from…..Between two and three miles downstream from…..

c.c. Third door on the right down this hall.Third door on the right down this hall.

d. At the intersection of 4d. At the intersection of 4 thth street and the city limits. street and the city limits.

• Location NameLocation Name– Refer to point, line, or polygon geometry's associatedRefer to point, line, or polygon geometry's associated– A feature ID is a kind of “place name” so every ID’d feature is a Location of type “place A feature ID is a kind of “place name” so every ID’d feature is a Location of type “place

name”name”• Postal zone Area Code Census Tract Time zonePostal zone Area Code Census Tract Time zone• Latitude and longitude Items with “soft boundariesLatitude and longitude Items with “soft boundaries

– JurisdictionsJurisdictions





FundamentalFundamental Location Technology Services Location Technology Services

• GeoreferencingGeoreferencing– Position to/from AddressPosition to/from Address

– Transform between spatial reference systemsTransform between spatial reference systems

– Discover locations of servicesDiscover locations of services

• GeoParse GeoParse – Parse pathways and descriptive directions Parse pathways and descriptive directions

• Gazetteer Gazetteer – Name-to/from PositionName-to/from Position

• RoutingRouting– Navigate to location of service(s)Navigate to location of service(s)

– Build efficient and appropriate pathwaysBuild efficient and appropriate pathways

• Privacy and SecurityPrivacy and Security• BackdropBackdrop





FundamentalFundamental Location Service Data Stores Location Service Data Stores

• GazetteersGazetteers• Backdrop dataBackdrop data• ““Spatially enabled Yellow Pages” for points of serviceSpatially enabled Yellow Pages” for points of service• Green Pages as a CatalogGreen Pages as a Catalog





Some Location Service Interface TopicsSome Location Service Interface Topics• WhereAmI (GetLocationName): WhereAmI (GetLocationName):

– given a coordinate, return a place namegiven a coordinate, return a place name

• GetLocation: GetLocation: – given a place name or address, return a geographic locationgiven a place name or address, return a geographic location

• TransformLocation: TransformLocation: – transform a location (or set of locations or the coordinates of a geometry) transform a location (or set of locations or the coordinates of a geometry)

in one spatial reference system to another spatial reference systemin one spatial reference system to another spatial reference system

• ConvertLocation: ConvertLocation: – convert a location from a coordinate expressed in a spatial reference convert a location from a coordinate expressed in a spatial reference

system to placesystem to place

• GetAddress: GetAddress: – given a geographic location, return an addressgiven a geographic location, return an address

• BuildPatway: BuildPatway: – given an origin and a destination, return an optimized routegiven an origin and a destination, return an optimized route





Similarities to Existing OGC SpecificationsSimilarities to Existing OGC Specifications

• Use OGC interface Use OGC interface well knownwell known structuresstructures including position including position coordinates and metadata about these coordinatescoordinates and metadata about these coordinates

• Use OGC coordinate transformation protocolsUse OGC coordinate transformation protocols

• Use OGC metadata to find and exploit coordinate transformationsUse OGC metadata to find and exploit coordinate transformations

• Use OGC image coordinate transformations Use OGC image coordinate transformations

• OGC Interfaces manage discovery and access to foundation and OGC Interfaces manage discovery and access to foundation and thematic data storesthematic data stores

• As we move up the IS stack both system interfaces and protocols are As we move up the IS stack both system interfaces and protocols are needed - standards integrationneeded - standards integration




Spatial Spatial connectivityconnectivity A Coherent VisionA Coherent Vision

IP Device

Content Service BrokerContext Enrichment for Location

Local CachingDNS Binding…..

LocationConversion

Service Provider

Agents

Dataetc

Dataetc

Online Applications

Dataetc

Dataetc

Dataetc

Info Service Providers

Dataetc

Spatial Data Infrastructure

(Partitioned) Location Based Services

e.g.Content Provision

CommunicationsService Provider

Location object

Subject




Spatial Spatial connectivityconnectivity Location Based Service Business Model Location Based Service Business Model

Technology and Standards Collaboration OpportunitiesTechnology and Standards Collaboration Opportunities

IP DeviceCommunicationsService Provider

LocationConversion

Service Provider

(Partitioned) Location Based Services

e.g.Content Provision

Content Service BrokerContext Enrichment for Location

Local CachingDNS Binding…..

Agents

Dataetc

Dataetc

Online Applications

Dataetc

Dataetc

Dataetc

Info Service Providers

Dataetc

Spatial Data Infrastructure

Location object

Subject

Documents

Open GIS Consortium for a changing world. Spatial connectivity © 2000, Open GIS Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved New Wave Geospatial Services EC-GIS