Upload
mara-stillman
View
254
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 1
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
European Runway SafetySurvey
P. Wilson
EUROCONTROL
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 2
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
The Problem of Runway Incursions in Europe
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 3
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
EUROCONTROL
The main objectives of EUROCONTROL are
to harmonise and integrate
Air Navigation Services in Europe, aiming at
the creation of a European Air Traffic
Management System,
to achieve the safe, orderly, expeditious and
economic flow of air traffic throughout
Europe.
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 4
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
2000 2020
DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97
Traffic Growth 113 0 0
10 9 8 010 6 6 0
10 3 4 0
10 0 2 0
9 7 0 0
9 3 9 79 0 9 4
8 9 4 8
8 6 6 88 3 8 1
8 0 8 9
7 7 14
7 3 3 3
6 2 0 4
2 2 7 4
6 6 18
6 9 7 1
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Statistics - Forecast
• Traffic : increased threefoldover last 25 years.
• Baseline forecasts : steady growth of 4% per annum.
• Traffic demand : expected to doubleover next 20 years.
1974 2000
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 5
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
FinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLatviaLithuania
LuxembourgMaltaMoldovaMonacoThe NetherlandsThe former Yugoslav -Republic of MacedoniaNorwayPolandPortugal
ECAC States (38)AlbaniaArmeniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstonia
RomaniaSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraineUnited Kingdom
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 6
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Investigated Runway Incursions
Data collected through:
MANDATORY REPORTING SCHEME
and
INTERVIEWS of 12 European Airports
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 7
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Risk of Runway Incursions
1
10
100
Nu
mb
er O
f R
un
way
Incu
rsio
ns
Per
1,0
00,0
00 O
per
atio
ns
Rate of Runway Incursions in 9 different European airports
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 8
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Severity distribution of reported Runway Incursions
Significant Potential
5%
Good Potential
30%
Fair Potential
34%
Little or no Potential
31%
CATEGORY A
CATEGORY B
CATEGORY C
CATEGORY D
Source: Mandatory Reporting Scheme
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 9
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations
Pilot Deviations
44%Operational Errors
30%
Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations
26%
Source: Mandatory Reporting Scheme
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 10
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Occurrence Types Related to Runway Operations
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Pilot Deviations Operational Errors Vehicle/PedestrianDeviations
3 Airports feedback
Mandatory Scheme
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 11
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
The Perception of Runway Incursions Risk
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 12
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Pilots and ATCO perceptions
Outcomes of the Questionnaire...
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 13
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Risk Perception (I)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
decreased remained about thesame
increased
ATCOPilots
Within the last year, do you think the number of Runway Incursion has...
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 14
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Risk Perception (II)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Highest Medium range Lowest
ATCO
Pilots
How would you rank “Runway Incursion” among other runway safety concerns ...
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 15
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
RT phraseology Languageproficiency
ATC procedures Vehicleprocedures
Pilot procedures
Pilots ATCOs
What in your opinion was a contributing cause ? (I)
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 16
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Aerodromelayout
Aerodromesigns
Aerodromelighting
Aerodromedocumentation
Pavementmarkings
Pilots ATCOs
What in your opinion was a contributing cause ? (II)
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 17
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
To summarise ...
AVAILABILITY of data: few available data at the time of the survey (no reporting scheme or reluctance to share information?)
Approach for ANALYSIS: difficult to combine data (no harmonised approach)
Underlying CAUSAL FACTORS: difficult to understand why Runway Incursion occurs
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 18
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Task Force to develop recommendations
GASR - EUROCONTROL - ICAO - JAA - IATA -
IFATCA - IFALPA - ACI - IAOPA - AEA - ERA - ECA
Not locked into cycle of continuous data collection Time scales short
short term - End Jan 2003 medium term - Jan 2004 long term - Jan 2005
Majority of recommendations complete by Jan 2003
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 19
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
RECOMMENDATIONS
GENERAL AREAS1 Awareness
2 Data Collection
3 Communications
4 Procedures and working methods (PILOT/ATC/Driver
5 Annex 14
6 Airport Aeronautical Information
7 New Technologies
8 Human Factors
9 Regulatory
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 20
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
1 Awareness Establish a local joint team (ATC/Aircrew/Airport) Achieve Standardisation through ICAO
Provisions Establish a Runway Safety Programme General Awareness campaign by Task Force Dedicated local awareness campaigns Implement a Safety Management System (SMS) Introduce Runway Safety into SMS to identify
risks & mitigation Promotion of Recommendations
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 21
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
2 Data Collection and Lesson learning Improve data collection - standard
reporting/investigation Standard agreed definitions All data to be collected in data base for trend
analysis Non punitive reporting systems Local Runway Safety Survey to be conducted (as
per SMS) to identify hazards Disseminate disidentified details of
incidents/occurrence's both European wide/locally
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 22
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
3 Communications Confirm use of standard ICAO phraseology Explicit runway crossing clearances Read back Runway crossing on single frequency Clarify rules associated with conditional
clearance R/T, language and phraseology proficiency All communications associated with runway in
English Driver training programmes introduced
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 23
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
4 Procedures and Working MethodsPilot procedures - best practiceStandard taxi routes - reduce workload near runwayUse of line up and waitInspection opposite directionUse of blocker stripsUse of Capacity Enhancing ProceduresAccess of vehicles to manoeuvring areaCross runways at 90° when possible
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 24
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
5 Annex 14 Confirm implementation of Annex 14 provisions -
markings/signage/lighting etc. Identify needs to enhance ground markings Implementation of Standard ICAO taxiway
naming conventions
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 25
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
6 Provision of Airport Information Management Process for charts/publications for
accuracy Establish feedback mechanism with users to
detect errors Improve ergonomics of maps AIS standardisation
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 26
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
7 New Technologies Consider new technologies as prevention or
safety net Moving ways/graphical displays in cockpits -
situational awareness Assessment of value of automated conflict
detection systems
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 27
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
8 Human Factors Understand HF issues contributing to Runway
Safety Events TRM /CRM Use of multiple capacity enhancing procedures.
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 28
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
9 Regulatory Licensing of Aerodromes - degree of
compliance Assessment of SMS systems
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 29
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Occurrences Be200Expect Crossing Clearance B747 Conditional/read back HS121 Cross runway in use (23) B747 Line Up
© 2002 EUROCONTROL 30
‘One Sky for Europe’
EUROCONTROL
Summary All States cultures/language/ATM Systems Recommendations cover most areas Result of Joint action - First in Europe European action could stop the majority of
events leading to Runway Incursion - however we are aware that to remove potential hazards completely will be very difficult