1920s Communism crept into Malaya through a branch of Kuomintang Party (communists in China). Objective to overthrow the British government and establish the Communist Republic of Malaya. MCP had been an underground movement except during the years 1945 to The MCP formed the Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA), better known as the Three Stars (symbolizing the three main races in Malaya). MRLA fight for the establishment of the Communist Republic of Malaya. MCP set up a supply and public spy unit known as Min Yuen. Functions of Min Yuen; to get food and medical supplies for guerillas in the jungle and to obtain information on British activities. Malays did not support the communist ideology because it against Islamic teaching. Indians and most Chinese also were not interested in joining MCP because they were more interested in economics. Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) was established to safe-guard the interest of the Chinese People and at that time most Malayan citizens were against the violent tactics of the MCP. Police and soldiers have powers to arrest and detain communist suspects without trial. The military force imposed roadblocks and curfews( perintah berkurung) in areas where communist activities were rife(merebak). Citizens aged 12 years and above must register and own an identification card (identity card). Sir Harold Briggs introduced the Briggs Plan. Objective to eradicate communist activities through a strategy to relocate the squatter areas from the edge of the forest to a new village and to launch starvation movement. 1 June 1950, Johore the relocation plan was started. February 1952 more than 400,000 Chinese squatters were relocated to approximately 400 new villages. Aimed restricting the Chinese from supplying food, medicine and information to the communist guerrillas who were hiding in the jungle. This plan weakened Min Yuen activities and forced the communist out of the jungles. Sir Gerald Templer replaced Sir Henry Gurney as the High Commissioner of Malaya/military general. He used firm military force to fight the communists and the military tactics included the use of: 13 battalions of English soldiers, Gurkhas and Malays. Training 67,000 special Malay soldiers. Forming home guards systems with 210,000 of them. Recruiting assistance from the Commonwealth military such as from Australia, New Zealand and Rhodesia. Sir Gerald Templer launched the physical warfare by: Making conditions easier for non-Malays to obtain citizenship. Pardoning in large numbers of the MCP members who surrendered. Rewarding people who provided information on the communist terrorists. Giving out pamphlets calling the communist terrorists to give up their fight. Introduced the system of white and black areas. Introduced curfews in areas where the soldier were hunting for the communists. The psychological warfare encouraged the people of Malaya to work together with the government to eliminate the communist terrorists. I was held at Baling, Kedah Date : 28 and 29 December 1955 The MCP requested to be legally recognized but the request was turned down. Representatives Government Tunku Abdul Rahman David Marshall Tan Cheng Lock The MCP Chin Peng Chen Tien Rashid Maidin On 31 July 1960 Tunku Abdul Rahman proclaimed the end of the emergency. Failure of the MCP: The MCPs offensive acts against the Malayan Union Government. The lack of support from Malayan citizens. The lack of protection from other communist countries, such as Russia and China. The number of people killed included 9,581 MCP members, 2,461 ordinary citizens and 1,851 members of the Security Force. 1,383 peoples were injured while 807 were missing. Properties were destroyed and the economy was crippled. The development of new village with public facilities widened the social gap with the people in traditional Malay villages. The racial issues getting worse when the communists movements mainly Chinese while the police and army forces were Malays Challenge the people in the country to work together to defeat the communist terrorist. The British took immediate action to grant independence for the country