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Revolution and Nationalism
Imperial China Collapses
Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty • In 1911 – Revolutionary
Alliance overthrow Qing Dynasty
• Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)
• Sun Yixian (1st Leader)
• 1912 – Sun became president of the new Republic of China.
• Quickly turns power to General Yuan Shikai.
• The general dies in 1916
• Warlords take over.
• 1917- Bejing aligns itself with the allied powers.
• German held Chinese lands turned over to Japan, not China.
• May 4th movement
• Western democracy dropped for Lenin’s Communism.
The Communist Party in China
• 1921- Mao ZeDong and other gather to organize the Chinese Communist Party.
• Mao pushed for rural, not urban revolution
• 1923- Kumintang and Communist party merge with Lenin’s support.
• 1925-Jiang Jieshi leads the Kuomintang.
• Jiang is backed by banks and merchants.
• He becomes corrupt
• People side with Communists
• Community Party begins giving out land to local farmers.
• Jiang works with Mao to defeat warlords
• Jiang turns on Mao.
• April 1927 – Nationalist troops head to Shanghai
• Nationalists nearly wiped out the Communist Party.
• 1928- Jian becomes president of National Republic of China.
• The U.S. and Great Britain recognized the government.
• The U.S.S.R. did not.
• The Communist Party massacre lead to a civil war that lasted till 1949.
Civil War Rages in China • 1930- Civil War in full swing
• Mao hid amongst the peasants and taught them Guerilla warfare.
• 1933- Long March (6,000 miles) – 100,000 Communists fled from 700,000 Nationalists
• 1935 – Approximately 8,000 Communists remained and hid in caves in North Western China.
• 1931- Japan invades Manchuria
• 1937- full scale Japanese invasion
• 1938- Japan controlled most of China
• Nationalists and Communists banded together to defeat the Japanese.