Revolution and Nationalism

Imperial China Collapses

Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty • In 1911 – Revolutionary

Alliance overthrow Qing Dynasty

• Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)

• Sun Yixian (1st Leader)

• 1912 – Sun became president of the new Republic of China.

• Quickly turns power to General Yuan Shikai.

• The general dies in 1916

• Warlords take over.

• 1917- Bejing aligns itself with the allied powers.

• German held Chinese lands turned over to Japan, not China.

• May 4th movement

• Western democracy dropped for Lenin’s Communism.

The Communist Party in China

• 1921- Mao ZeDong and other gather to organize the Chinese Communist Party.

• Mao pushed for rural, not urban revolution

• 1923- Kumintang and Communist party merge with Lenin’s support.

• 1925-Jiang Jieshi leads the Kuomintang.

• Jiang is backed by banks and merchants.

• He becomes corrupt

• People side with Communists

• Community Party begins giving out land to local farmers.

• Jiang works with Mao to defeat warlords

• Jiang turns on Mao.

• April 1927 – Nationalist troops head to Shanghai

• Nationalists nearly wiped out the Communist Party.

• 1928- Jian becomes president of National Republic of China.

• The U.S. and Great Britain recognized the government.

• The U.S.S.R. did not.

• The Communist Party massacre lead to a civil war that lasted till 1949.

Civil War Rages in China • 1930- Civil War in full swing

• Mao hid amongst the peasants and taught them Guerilla warfare.

• 1933- Long March (6,000 miles) – 100,000 Communists fled from 700,000 Nationalists

• 1935 – Approximately 8,000 Communists remained and hid in caves in North Western China.

• 1931- Japan invades Manchuria

• 1937- full scale Japanese invasion

• 1938- Japan controlled most of China

• Nationalists and Communists banded together to defeat the Japanese.