Unit 2 slides

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Learn today. Shape tomorrow.

World History• There are various reasons that led to the World War 1 of

1914-1918

• These reasons/cause can be categorised as

• Long term

• Short term and

• Immediate causes

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Long term causes

Militarism (armed race)

Belief of a nation or its people to build and maintain a strong military

• The great powers of Europe were building large military base to defend themselves against each other.

• Germany by 1914 had the greatest military power

• The superiority complex played a part amongst these European major powers




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Mutual Alliances signed between 1879 to 1914

An agreement between two or more countries to work together for the benefit of each country.• When one country declared war the other

countries joined in.

Alliances before World War 1• Russia and Serbia •Germany and Austria-Hungary •France and Russia •Britain, France and Belgium •Japan and Britain


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Imperialism


Competing for control of colonies in order to gain land, resources, and influence.

• Africa and parts of Asia were areas of contention

• Imperialism created enmity amongst the European powers that made war inevitable

• Austria wanted to dominate Balkans. Germany supported Austria in Balkan policy

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Nationalism

• One’s identification with a particular nation or state.

• Due to national pride European nations would not maintain peace if provoked.

• Included taking part in wars.

• The idea of World supremacy contributed to the war in Europe


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Short term causes

• Balkan Crisis

• The were various nations under the rule of the Ottoman Empire

• Early 20th century Balkans (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia) achieved independence from Ottoman empire, but large ethnic groups were under the Ottoman rule.

Two conflicts

1) The Balkan League formed in 1912 attacked the Ottoman Empire drove the Empire out of the Balkans after five centuries of dominance.




Balkan Crisis continued

2) Balkan War 1913 Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece over the spoils of war in Macedonia

• The Ottoman empire and Romania attacked Bulgaria gaining territories.

• The war ended in The Treaty of Bucharest and Bulgaria lost most of her territories.

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Moroccan Crisis 1911


• The Europeans wanted to gain control of colonies in Africa.

• Germany’s need to control colonies in Africa thus expanding her empire.

• France and Britain wanted to protect their colonies

• Germany intimidate France when the gunboat Panther was dispatched at Agadir


Immediate cause

Third Balkan crisis: • Made all other events come into play.

–Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.

He was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia part of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian

•Protest of Austrian-Hungary control in region.

•Serbia wanted control over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

•Led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia.


Led to activation of alliances:

–Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary

–Germany declared war on Russia

–France declared war on both Germany and Austria-Hungary

–Germany tried to swing through Belgium to get to Paris

–Great Britain declares war on Germany


Consequences: Political

Borders changed drastically. –Countries gained and lost territories –New countries were formed: Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. •New governments emerged: –Weimer Republic in Germany –Revolution in the Russian Empire, transforming it to the USSR: Czar overthrown and replaced by Lenin. •New major world powers emerged: –Japan and the United States •Treaty of Versailles: 28 June 1919. –Number of demands from Germany: held responsible for war. –Pay reparations, disarm, remove troops from Rhineland, etc.


Consequence: Economic •Inflation: –Economies badly affected by war. •World-wide depression: –Felt for many years, reached peak in the Great Depression. •European countryside devastated: –Agriculture was affected. •USA became creditor nation: –World financial centre shifted from England to USA. •European countries were left in debt.


•War brought ruin and destruction to Europe: Infrastructure; •Many people were left without a home, food, fuel or clothes; •Millions died, many more were wounded (more women died than men); •Millions left without limbs; •Baby boom, on account of the millions that died; •Women were granted the right to vote; •Equal access to job opportunities for men and women

Consequence: Social

Documents

Unit 2 slides