The Personal Name Lists in the Scribal Curriculum of Old Babylonian Nippur: an Overview

246 Jeremiah Peterson

The Personal Name Lists in the Scribal Curriculumof Old Babylonian Nippur: an Overview

by Jeremiah Peterson – Berkeley1

Much of the content and sequence of the scribal curriculum at OldBabylonian Nippur have now been established with reasonable certainty,in particular by the work of Veldhuis (1997, 40–66; 2004, 83–85; 2010,391–392). However, there are some texts within the scribal curriculumthat have not been sufficiently analyzed at present. One such textual cat-egory would be the curricular lists of personal names, which have notbeen treated in detail since their original publication nearly a century agoby Chiera in the University Museum Publications of the Babylonian Sec-tion volume 11, parts 1–3.2

Personal name lists were used primarily in elementary curricular con-texts at Old Babylonian Nippur, occurring within what Veldhuis hasreferred to as phase 1 of the scribal curriculum.3 There were a significantnumber of distinctly separate personal name lists that were in use inthe scribal curriculum of Old Babylonian Nippur, with variant degrees oftextual standardization, including Sumerian, Akkadian, and, in select in-stances, Amorite personal names.4 They are well represented both in thefinds from Tablet Hill and among the well-provenienced tablet finds fromareas TA and TB. These lists have been sporadically referred to as per-sonal name lists A, B, and C in the secondary literature, following the des-ignations of Landsberger.5 In some instances, however, this categorization

1 I would like to thank John Brinkman, Sara Brumfield, Markus Hilgert, Naoko Oghama,Matthew Rutz, John Taylor, Niek Veldhuis, Richard Zettler, and the editors for theirvarious contributions to the content of this article. The author alone is responsible for itscontent.

2 See, for example, the recent comments of Civil (2010, 283).3 See, for example, the discussion of Cavigneaux (1983, 619), Lambert (1988, 252), Civil

(1992, 304), Cohen (1993, 79), Veldhuis (1997, 41–46), Edzard (1998, 101; 112), Robson(2001, 48), and Tanret (2002, 159).

4 For a statistical estimation of the distribution of Akkadian and Sumerian personalnames in the contemporary onomasticon of Old Babylonian Nippur, see Sallaberger(2004, 119–120).

5 See Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger (1959, 111–112) and Çıp/Kızılyay (1965, 41). The con-flation of separate personal name lists according to this designation, as well as the in-

Zeitschr. f. Assyriologie Bd. 101, S. 246–273 DOI 10.1515/ZA.2011.013© Walter de Gruyter 2011ISSN 0084-5299

The Personal Name Lists in the Scribal Curriculum of Old Babylonian Nippur 247

conflates completely independent personal name lists with each otherunder the same designation, a possibility that Landsberger concededcould be the case in conjunction with his PN list C.6 It is preferableinstead to refer to these lists by their incipits when they are extant, and bya succinct summation of their contents when the incipit is not currentlyknown.

The following is a brief description of the specific content of these cur-ricular personal name lists. The content of these lists and the number andnature of their manuscripts have been furthered by a cataloging projectundertaken by the author in the Babylonian Section of the University Mu-seum in Philadelphia, resulting in a number of new identifications andjoins. These lists are described in the approximate order in which they oc-curred in the scribal curriculum, as evidenced by their distribution on theobverse and reverse of type II exemplars (see below, Tables 1 and 2). Un-less it is explicitly noted otherwise, individual exemplars that are men-tioned below are currently unpublished.

1. PN List Nin-nin

The Sumerian personal name list with the either textual or sectional in-cipit Nin-nin was reconstructed by Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger (1959,89–91; 109–111).7 Its extant portions consist of the sections formed fromthe initial elements N i n - , S e s - , sal.äub2- ,8 and apparently in at leastone version of the text, I r 3- , where I r 3- i r 3 appears to be the incipit.9 Theend of this list is not attested. It seems to have been a relatively short list,given the fact that it follows an extensive section, which is unedited, com-prised of phrases utilizing the lexeme t i l 3 , “life” or “to live” on a prism

ability to completely disambiguate Syllable Alphabet B from them leads to considerableconfusion.

6 Thus Landsberger in Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger (1959, 111 n. 16): “Gründliche Studienkonnten wir nicht anstellen, daher die Möglichkeit nicht ausschliessen, dass auch [PNlist] C mehr als eine Serie (nicht bloss mehrere Rezensionen einer Serie) umfasse.”

7 Note also the remarks of Chiera (1919, 195) and Lambert (1988, 252).8 sal.äub2 probably reflects the relatively rare title sal.äub2, with a possible value

/lagar/, a close synonym of the title s u k k a l “vizier”: see the remarks of Wiggermann(1988, 234 n. 35).

9 An initial section I r 3 appears to occur in Ni 4844 rev. i (obverse personal names be-ginning with Nu-ur2-, see Çıp/Kızılyay (1965, 45 and 56), since, according to Çıp andKızılyay’s transliteration, it follows the entries m u b a l and m u b a l - l a , as is the casewith the prism CBS 7828 (PBS 11/3 73) side 1H 1H–3H in conjunction with N i n - n i n .


without a large amount of remaining space,10 and, as Veldhuis (1997, 32 n.90) has noted, texts that occur on prisms are typically entered in their to-tality at OB Nippur. It is not entirely clear if this PN list belongs to thesame text as the section of phrases involving t i l 3 . It should be noted thaton the aforementioned prism, these entities are separated only by a doubleruling, not a dN i s a b a z a 3- m i 2 subscript, which is the standard means ofmarking the end of a lexical text at Old Babylonian Nippur, and they alsoco-occur on an irregularly shaped and crudely written type III text (UM29-13-507), a text type which does not typically involve excerpts of morethan one text at OB Nippur. Thus, this personal name list may be uniqueto this corpus by the fact that it did not exclusively consist of personalnames. As recognized by Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger, it is notable that a se-lect portion of this PN list appears to build upon sequences of entries inSyllable Alphabet B (lines 82–89), thus logically supplementing thispreceding text in the scribal curriculum.11

2. PN List dInana-tes2 (= Landsberger PN List A)

The highly standardized personal name list with the incipit dI n a n a -t e s 2 , is referred to, as recognized by Civil (1985, 74), among the refer-ences to scribal compositions in Eduba D lines 13–14.12 This list is themost commonly attested of the curricular personal name lists from OBNippur. Containing over three hundred entries, it consists almost entirelyof small groups of three related personal names, forming what Lands-berger referred to as “mnemotechnische[n] Dreiergruppen,”13 includingsections of Sumerian, Akkadian, and Amorite personal names, with someoccasional cross-linguistic overlap within a tripartite section. In a numberof instances, this list excerpts from other, more advanced curricular per-sonal name lists.

To the best of my current knowledge, dInana-tes2 is the only personalname list from Old Babylonian Nippur that has survived in any extant

10 CBS 7828 (=PBS 11/3 73). The textual section centering around the lexeme t i l 3 alsooccurs in the type II tablets CBS 6497 (reverse Syllable Alphabet B), UM 29-15-440(reverse Syllable Alphabet B), N 5313 (obverse blank), as well as CBS 10499 and N 1493(text type unclear).

11 Note the remarks of Landsberger in the catalog of Çıp/Kızızlyay/Landsberger (1959,54).

12 For other treatments of this passage, see, for example, Sjöberg (1976, 163), Veldhuis(1997, 52 n. 166), Delnero (2006, 70–71), and Veldhuis (2006, 27).

13 Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger (1959, 111).


form in post-Old Babylonian contexts, as there is a Middle Babylonianmanuscript from Nippur that was copied from a partially broken source.14

3. PN List Ba-[…] (= Landsberger PN List A)

The personal name list whose incipit is not entirely preserved but beganwith the grapheme B a - is based on similar principles to that of dInana-tes2.This list always follows dInana-tes2 in the scribal curriculum according tothe evidence of type II tablet distribution. Chiera (1916, 24–25) consideredthis personal name list to be the second tablet of dInana-tes2. AlthoughChiera’s classification is compelling on the basis of the organizational simi-larities between the two lists, it seems to have been considered a completelyseparate text due to the fact that dInana-tes2 concludes with a dN i s a b az a 3- m i 2 subscript as opposed to a catchline for additional content.

This personal name list was not only in circulation at OB Nippur, asMarkus Hilgert has generously brought my attention to his forthcomingpublication of an exemplar of this list from OB Uruk. It does not seemto have been standardized to the extent of dInana-tes2, and at least twodistinct recensions of this text appear to have been in circulation. Theserecensions are distinguishable, for example, by their disparate placementof the triad of Sumerian names M e s - k i - a g 2- dN a n n a , M e s - k i - a g 2-n u n - n a , and M e s - a n - n e - p a 3- d a , the names of legendary kings of Urknown from both the “Sumerian Kinglist” and the “Tummal Inscription”,either in the first or second half of the text, respectively. This list also con-tains a triad of names featuring the three most prominent kings of Isinin the literary tradition of Old Babylonian Nippur: Iddin-Dagan (dI-din-dDagan-i3-li2), Isme-Dagan (dIs-me-dDa-gan-z i - g u 10), and Lipit-Istar(dLi-pi2-it-Is8-tar2-i-sar-ki-ma-dutu).

4. PN List A-a-kal-la (= Landsberger PN List C)

The personal name list with the incipit A - a - k a l - l a consists primarilybut not exclusively of Akkadian personal names. This list consists almostentirely of entries with either the initial grapheme a- or initial phoneme /a/and is composed primarily of extensive sections formed from commonpossession of the first element. This includes sections composed of initialA - a - , ( A ) - a b - b a , A - b a - , A-bi-, A-bu-um-, ( A ) - a d - d a - , A-äa-, A-äa-

14 CBS 1783 + CBS 12609 (PBS 5 154, PBS 11/1 7)


ti-, A-äi, A-äu-, and A-li2-. This text is not rigidly standardized acrossexemplars, and major sections occur in differing order across manu-scripts.15 One type I manuscript advances the apparent catchline A-bu-umat its conclusion.16

5. Diverse Initial Element PN List (= Landsberger PN List B)

This is a personal name list consisting of sections corresponding to a di-verse variety of initial entries,17 including the Akkadian divine names Istar,Ea, and Erra, temple names such as the E 2- k u r, various other Sumerianelements such as I r 3 , E n - , N i n - , and I g i - , and various Akkadian el-ements such as A-mur- and Su-. When applicable, a more or less set se-quence of major deities occurs with these initial elements.18 This list is notrigidly standardized, and the order of its major sections is not verifiablyconsistent. It is attested less frequently than the preceding personal namelists, lending less certainty to the order in which it was encountered in thescribal curriculum. It is also not entirely certain that this list, whose incipitis unknown to me, was held entirely separate from PN List A-a-kal-la,as the four-sided prism fragment CBS 7834 (PBS 11/3 76)19 preserves apassage consisting of personal names with initial A-äa-ti and A-äa- thatseems to belong to Ayakala on one face, perhaps reflecting the first face ofthe prism, and a passage that belongs to the diverse initial element PN liston its other preserved face, perhaps reflecting the last face of the prism.Although space would seem to preclude the advancement of a full versionof both lists on one prism, which, as noted above, is the anticipated meansof presentation on a prism at OB Nippur, it may be the case here that sinceneither personal name list was highly standardized, a condensed version ofone or both lists was advanced on this prism.

To my current knowledge, the incipit of the text is not preserved. Theending colophon of this text does appear to be preserved on a prism andthe obverse of a type II tablet.20

15 The ending colophon of this text is not preserved, although the ending colophon maywell have been intact on the highly worn and almost entirely illegible fourth side of afour-sided prism source from area TA, house F (UM 55-21-365 = 3N-T 643).

16 UM 29-16-289 + N 5269 + N 5303 + N 6494 + N 7083 (joins made by author).17 See Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger (1959, 92 and 112) for a preliminary description of this list.18 See the remarks of Çıp/Kızılyay (1965, 43).19 This text was transliterated by Çıp/Kızılyay (1965, 43).20 Ni 3695 and Ni 10524: see Çıp/Kızılyay (1965, 42; 46–47). The obverse(?) of the type II

source CBS 5852 advances the final line of this text, but does not explicitly mark it witha colophon.


6. PN List Lu2-dEn-lil2 (= Landsberger PN List C)

The Sumerian personal name list with the incipit L u 2- dE n - l i l 221 con-

sists of three large sections with the initial Sumerian elements L u 2- ,L u g a l - , and U r - . The final entries of this list, U r - dN i s a b a , U r -dN a n i b g a l , and U r - dÄ a - i a 3 , as it is preserved in two sources, a type Isource and a prism,22 probably elicited final placement due to the typicalpresence of the scribal goddess Nisaba in the scribal colophon.23 As awhole, this personal name list is not rigidly standardized across exemplars,but certain sequences of entries are presented with a notably high degreeof consistency across exemplars.

7. Theophoric PN List (= Landsberger PN List C)

This is a theophoric personal name list that consists only of personalnames with divine names in initial position, including both Sumerian andAkkadian names. The apparent incipit of this list is poorly preserved, butseems to feature Inana, perhaps to be read as dI n a n a - d i g i r - s a g - g u 10 ordI n a n a - a n - d u l 3- g u 10, which is immediately followed by a long initialsection of theophorics featuring the god An.24 The text is not rigidly stan-dardized across exemplars, and entries involving major deities, includingAn, Utu, Nanna/Suen, Enlil, Ninlil, Enki, Ninurta and Iskur, typicallyoccur in much longer sections than minor deities. The inclusion of minordeities may have been sporadic in nature, although this may be just an im-pression conditioned by chance of preservation.25

21 The incipit of this text was recognized by Chiera (1919, 200).22 CBS 3848 (+) CBS 7829 + 7836 (PBS 11/3 70) + N 1645 (+) CBS 7833 (the non-con-

tiguous and second contiguous joins were made by the author). For this manuscript, see,for example, the remarks of Veldhuis (1997, 32 n. 90).

23 See the discussion of Çıp/Kızılyay (1965, 42).24 See the remarks of Chiera (1916, 107). The incipit is partially preserved on the reverse of

the type II exemplars CBS 10994 (PBS 11/2 23), CBS 6924 (PBS 11/2 7), and the ob-verse of the type II exemplar N 5766. The insertion of a single name featuring Inana,which appears to be followed by a theophoric featuring her lover Dumuzi before thelong initial section featuring An, may be a play on the theme of insubordination that in-fluences the plot of several mythical texts such as Enki and the World Order, Inana andEnki, Inana’s Descent, and Inana and An, where the goddess Inana is dissatisfied withher position in the pantheon.

25 Entries featuring minor deities are notably prevalent on the obverse of type II tablets,which often have a tendency to feature the latter entries of a lexical list more often thantype II reverse extracts.


8. PN List Ur-ki

The Sumerian personal name list with the incipit U r - k i contains onlynames with the initial Sumerian element U r - , of which over threehundred completely preserved entries are known to me at present. Theending colophon is not currently preserved. This text is highly standard-ized, a feature that was recognized by Durand (1987) in his publication ofan unprovenienced source of this text. It is notable that a significant por-tion of type I exemplars of this list begin with the later entry U r - a b - b a ,which immediately follows the section featuring theophorics that occursnear the beginning of this text. This may indicate that there was more thanone recension of the text in circulation.

Although the evidence from type II distribution is meager for this par-ticular list, it occurs with Proto-Ea as a review exercise on one type II tab-let from Area TA, House F (UM 55-21-396 = 3N-T 911C), thus implicat-ing it as an advanced text in the scribal curriculum, at least the particularversion that was in circulation in this well-provenienced context.

As with the aforementioned personal name list Nin-nin, this personalname list appears to systematically eschew the use of the personal namemarker,26 thus setting it apart from the other curricular personal namelists. A unique feature of this list versus the rest of the curricular personalname list corpus under consideration is the presence of demarcated sec-tions of thirty entries in many exemplars of this list. This is clearly a cen-tral characteristic of this list. In one instance, a section of thirty entries isrepeated on the reverse of a type II extract,27 a practice which is notablyrare in conjunction with this tablet type at OB Nippur. In one collectivetype I source which was reconstructed by Veldhuis,28 this text follows EDLu2 A, which, along with the presence of a small number of signs that areotherwise obscure to the Old Babylonian Sumerian syllabary, could sug-gest that this was either a pre-OB text or a text that appropriated a signifi-cant amount of pre-OB content.29 As Taylor (2008, 208–209) has noted,

26 This feature was noted already by Chiera (1916, 21), although Chiera does not appear tohave realized that U r - names are marked with the personal name marker dis whenthey occur in the PN list Lu2-dEn-lil2.

27 CBS 10997 (PBS 11/3 31) + CBS 11016 (PBS 11/3 33) (join made by author)28 CBS 6142 (SLT 112) + CBS 7989 (PBS 11/3 75) + UM 29-16-252 (+) UM 29-16-221 (+)

UM 29-16-224 (Veldhuis 2010, 397–399).29 It is additionally notable that several exemplars of pre-OB Ur- personal name lists or

name lists with an Ur- section that I cannot at present decisively link to OB Ur- personalname lists occur at Nippur, such as HS 922 (Westenholz 1975, p. 87, text 172, pl. XXIItext 172: Old Akkadian?, identified as a school text with a teacher and student column


ED Lu2 A is typified by its use of sections of nineteen entries, a featurethat is preserved in manuscripts dating from the Archaic to the Old Baby-lonian periods. Whether or not this similar organizational feature in-fluenced their inclusion of these two texts together on a collective sourceis unclear, but it is probably not pure coincidence.

This list makes recurrent use of the following lexical paradigm, whichconsists of seven entries:

1. U r - (variant base element)-02. U r - (variant base element)- k u 3

3. U r - (variant base element)- s a g4. U r - (variant base element)- m a ä5. U r - (variant base element)- z i - d a6. U r - (variant base element)- g i d 2- d a7. U r - (variant base element)-dar- a

Other PN Lists

Additional personal name lists are also known from Old BabylonianNippur, although they are much less frequently attested and, in someinstances, are not attested on type II tablets, which is the only decisivelyinformative tablet type regarding the placement of a text in the scribal cur-riculum. Some of the more notable examples include the following:

a) PN List Ur-Nanse

The Sumerian personal name list with the incipit U r - dN a n s e con-tains only names beginning with the initial Sumerian element U r - .30 Thislist is well attested throughout Mesopotamia in the Old Babylonianperiod, occurring, for example, on lenticular extracts from OB Ur, Kish,and Tell Harmal, as well as on an unpublished and unprovenienced type Iexemplar in the British Museum that was brought to my attention by JonTaylor (BM 118995) and several other unprovenienced exemplars. At Nip-pur, this personal name list occurs on a prism and what is possibly thereverse of a type II extract. It also occurs on three unpublished type I

by Westenholz, see also the remarks of Lambert 1988, 252), the type III text CBS 5863(PBS 11/3 44: Ur III?), and the prism CBS 7835 (PBS 11/3 72: Ur III?).

30 The ending colophon of this list, ([ U r - x ? ] - d a b 5- b e 2), may be reflected on the reverseof N 4870, but this is not certain.


tablets,31 where it follows rare Old Babylonian Nippurian occurrences ofSyllable Alphabet A, reflecting the close association, if not the completeconflation, of these two texts at OB Nippur.32 It is probably appropriate toclassify this personal name list with the same designation, “extra-curricu-lar list,” that Veldhuis uses to describe the status of Syllable Alphabet A inthe OB Nippur scribal curriculum.33

In contrast to the PN list Ur-dNanse, another widely circulated PN listfrom the Old Babylonian period that also contains only U r - personalnames with the incipit U r - m e , which is attested at Ur, Uruk, Tell Harmal,and perhaps Kish,34 as well as in several unprovenienced exemplars, isto the best of my current knowledge not attested at Old BabylonianNippur.

b) The “Chiera List”

The so-called “Chiera List” is to the best of my current knowledgeknown only from a single type I exemplar.35 This list contains primarilyAmorite personal names. However, as Streck (2000, 148–149) has noted,a number of the ostensibly Amorite personal names that it contains ap-pear to be either ungrammatical or of otherwise dubious validity. Thischaracteristic raises the issue of the intellectual origin of this list, as thecompiler appears to have had a faulty grasp of the Amorite onomasticon,and, by implication, the Amorite language itself.

31 N 6156, and UM 29-16-572, and possibly N 4870 (the identity of the reverse is not cer-tain).

32 These texts also occur together on the reverse of the unprovenienced type II(?) tabletMS 2992 (Civil 2010, 261–263) along with a tablet of fractions.

33 See Veldhuis (1997, 130; 2004, 89–90). However, it should be noted that in at least oneinstance known to me, Syllable Alphabet A occurs at OB Nippur on the reverse of atype II tablet, with the Nippur Godlist on the obverse (CBS 5957 (+) CBS 5997, Peter-son 2009, 12, source NOII-3), thus pointing to, at the very least, its exceptional use as acurricular text.

34 As is possibly evidenced by the fragmentary lentil AshM 1931.92 (OECT 15 173: seealso Ohgama/Robson 2010, 220).

35 CBS 2159 + CBS 2200 + CBS 2236 + CBS 11000 + CBS 11068 + CBS 11073 + CBS19810 (PBS 11/2 1) + CBS 2176 + UM 29-15-355 + N 54111 (+) N 1446 (the last fourpieces were identified and joined by the author).


c) Miscellaneous Unplaced PN Lists

Various fragmentary exemplars of excerpting tablets contain sectionsof theophoric personal names with the configurations Puzur4-DN,Ku 3-DN,36 Nu-ur2-DN,37 G e m e 2-DN,38 Me-DN, and Sa-at-DN,39 aswell as Sumerian personal names with the initial element A m a - ,40 are, tomy current knowledge, not verifiably attached to a specific larger, reason-ably stable personal name list, such as, to name the most likely possibility,the diverse initial element PN list described above.

Finally, in House F at area TA in Nippur were found two examples of apersonal name list on a type III source that contain the same approximatesequence of personal names, but with no apparent graphic criteria dictat-ing their sequence,41 an otherwise pervasive feature of known curricularpersonal name lists at OB Nippur. The status of these two tablets as cur-ricular texts is not assured, and they may in fact be simple rosters instead,with no indication of totals or ledger function given on the tablet to ex-plicitly demonstrate their function.

Function of the Personal Name Lists in the Scribal Curriculum

Having described these lists in preliminary fashion, the question nat-urally arises as to their specific curricular function.42 It is likely that these

36 Personal names of this type occur in the type II reverse extract CBS 6668 (obverseLipit-Istar B) (Vanstiphout 1978, 34, source I; Tinney 1999, 171, source N7), the type IIobverse extract CBS 5857 (PBS 11/3 50) (reverse PN list Nin-nin), the lentils CBS 6663(PBS 11/3 63, AfO 29–30, 26), CBS 6664 (PBS 11/3 p. 238, AfO 29–30, 26) and Ni10506 (Çıp/Kızılyay 1965, 45–46).

37 Personal names of the type Puzur4-DN and Nu-ur2-DN occur together in Ni 10102 + Ni10107 (Çıp-/Kızılyay 1965, 46), and personal names of the type Nu-ur2-DN also occur inNi 4844 (Çıp/Kızılyay 1965, 45, 56) obverse (reverse PN list Nin-nin).

38 UM 29-16-704 + N 4048 (join made by author) reverse (obverse not sufficiently pre-served for identification). The first(?) column of the reverse is also illegible. Note as wellthe lentil fragment N 5200, which preserves only the geme sign, which may implicate itas an extract of this list, although it will be noted that the PN list dInana-tes2 contains atripartite G e m e 2-section.

39 Personal names of the type Me-DN and Sa-at-DN occur together in the type II obverseextract Ni 2571 (Çıp-Kızılyay 1965, 46 and n. 9).

40 These names occur in CBS 12511 (SLT 144) obverse (reverse OB Nippur Ur5-ra divi-sion 1: Veldhuis 1997, 306, source Ni II-153) and the lentil CBS 6539 (PBS 11/3 48, AfO29–30, 26). See the comments of Chiera (1919, 197).

41 UM 55-21-286 = 3N-T 254, from area TA 205 XI-1 (Stone 1987, 174) and UM55-21-362 = 3N-T 630, from area TA 205 XI-3 (Stone 1987, 174).

42 Note the remarks of Veldhuis (1997, 45).


personal name lists, which, in their most elementary versions, would haveconstituted some of the very first linguistically valid material that was en-countered in the scribal curriculum, being preceded only by elementarytexts such as Syllable Alphabet B and Tu-ta-ti, served two fundamentalpurposes. First of all, the personal name lists utilized one of the few prob-able remaining bastions of Sumerian in current vernacular, the onomasti-con, to facilitate the learning of various Sumerian words and signs bydrawing upon the student’s preexisting knowledge of the language.

In addition, as has been routinely posited, the personal name lists prob-ably served to prepare the scribe in training for the inevitable professionaltask of transcribing a wide variety of personal names. The spellings of per-sonal names could well have been understood to be more dependent onrote memory than other material that was presented in the scribal curricu-lum. As Stol (1991, 194) has noted, Akkadian personal names from thisperiod contained a number of CVC orthographies that were not routinelyused until later periods, placing the orthography of numerous personalnames outside of the standard Akkadian syllabary of the period. The pres-entation of personal name components within Syllable Alphabet B,43 Tu-ta-ti,44 and in what is either additional exemplars of an expanded recen-sion of Tu-ta-ti or a companion text to Tu-ta-ti with Akkadian wordincluding personal name components45 further indicates that special em-

43 See Veldhuis (1997, 42).44 For personal name components in select recensions of Tu-ta-ti, included in the prisms

HS 1625, HS 1801, CBS 7860, and Ni 3180A, see Veldhuis (1997, 75–78). Personal namecomponents are also included in lexical texts from other locales and periods, such as theunprovenienced OB syllabary MS 3216 (Civil 2010, 26; 28) col. xi 21 f., and Emar Pa-leographic Syllabary A (Emar 6/4 53() 161 f. Note also the fragment from OB Uruk W16603g (Cavigneaux 1996, 91, no. 202) rev. i, which is duplicated by W 24248, 7 (Ca-vigneaux 1982, 29).

45 A list of this nature from OB Sippar Amnanum was published by Tanret 1989; see alsoVeldhuis (1997, 77–78), who suggests that it may reflect the Northern Mesopotamiancounterpart to Tu-ta-ti, presumably on the strength of the type I tablet IM 51147 (TIM 985), possibly from Tell Harmal, which advances a version of Tu-ta-ti along with a list ofAkkadian words, including personal name components. Exemplars from Nippur includethe example given by Chiera, CBS 5870 (PBS 11/2 65: see the remarks of Chiera 1916,105–106), which is transliterated and discussed by Veldhuis (1997, 77, obverse Ur5-ra divi-sion 3), now joined to N 4979 by the author, the reverse of the type II tablets CBS 6393(PBS 11/3 5, obverse PN list Lu2-dEn-lil2), CBS 13998 (obverse PN list Ba-[…]), UM29-13-8 (obverse Ur5-ra division 4, MSL 10, 54, source V19), UM 29-15-891 (preservedobverse blank), and N 6203 (obverse not preserved), as well as possibly CBS 6963 (type IIreverse, obverse not preserved) and the surface fragment CBS 10231. All of the afore-mentioned examples except for UM 29-13-8 feature the entry marker dis, a textual featurethat is common to both Tu-ta-ti and the majority of curricular personal name lists.


phasis was placed on the orthography of personal names within the scribalcurriculum.

In some instances, basic elements of Sumerian syntax and grammar arepresented within personal names. A number of legendary, historical, andliterary characters occasionally appear in dInana-tes2 and its companionlist Ba-[…], a feature that was noted by Chiera in his original publicationof these texts.

The personal name lists with diverse content and short, acrographicallyrelated sections may have been fronted and used intensively and re-peatedly as a review exercise in the scribal curriculum in order to orientthe student to the wide variety of personal name configurations thatexisted in the onomasticon. They drew upon some of the same basic mne-monic principles of Syllable Alphabet B,46 the first significant text en-countered in the OB Nippur scribal curriculum, in that short sectionswith definite boundaries were strung together instead of a long, contigu-ous sequence, in order to facilitate memorization. Later, more advancedpersonal name lists mapped out the possible names that could occur inconjunction with a given initial onomastic element in extensive detail.These were presumably intended to further refine the student’s know-ledge of the onomasticon, and possibly to introduce secondary thematicmaterial, such as divine names, as well. These later personal name listswere often not highly standardized, perhaps reflecting the more individualcharacter of a more advanced exercise that was less reliant on a didacticparadigm.

In light of the number and extensiveness of the personal name listsused in the scribal curriculum of Old Babylonian Nippur, it is apparentthat they functioned as a fundamentally important tool in the training ofthe ancient Mesopotamian scribe in this locale, with a depth and complex-ity that is worthy of further analysis, including a formal analysis of therelationship between the content and orthography of these lists with thatof the coeval onomasticon of Old Babylonian Nippur, which has yet to becomprehensively compiled and edited.47

46 Note Chiera’s description of dInana-tes2 and its companion text Ba-[…] as a “syllabaryof personal names.”

47 See most extensively Stone (1987, 223–289).


Tab. 1: Texts that occur on the reverse of type II textswith curricular PN lists on the obverse

Table 2: Texts that occur on the obverse of type II textswith curricular PN lists on the reverse

Ninnin Inanates Ba-[…] Ayakala Diverse LuEnlil Theoph UrkiSAlph B 1 14 5 9 3 3

Tu-ta-ti 2 1 4 1 3

Nin-nin 1

Inanates 1 6 8 7 1 7 5

Ba-[…] 1

Ayakala 2 2 2 2

LuEnlil 1 5

Theoph 7

Urki 1

Proto-Ea 1

Ninnin Inanates Ba-[…] Ayakala Diverse LuEnlil Theoph UrkiNinnin 1

Inanates 1 6

Ba-[…] 8 1

Ayakala 7 2 2

Diverse 1

LuEnlil 7 2 1

Theoph 6 1 5 6

Urki 1

Ku3-DN 1

Nu-ur2-DN 1

Ura 1 10 1 8 1 1 4

Ura 2 8 4 1

Ura 3 1 1

Ura 4 1 1 3 1

Ura 5 2

Ura 6 1

Pr-Ea 5

Proto-Kagal 1

Proto-Kiulutinbise

1

Nippur Godlist 2

Lipit-Istar B 1


Appendix: A Catalog of Sources for Curricular Personal Name Listsat Old Babylonian Nippur

The following is a catalog of sources known to me for the curricularpersonal name lists discussed above. As a general rule, the less standard-ized a given personal name list is, the less certain that any one exemplarcan be attributed with certainty to a given text.

Many of these exemplars are now available via digital image online atthe Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (http://www.cdli.ucla.edu) thanksto a digitization project under the direction of Steve Tinney and the spon-sorship of the Mellon Foundation. An asterisk (*) at the beginning of anentry indicates that all the join(s) involved with a particular manuscriptwere made by the author, and an asterisk accompanying a specific tabletnumber indicates that this particular fragment was joined by the author.

Exemplars from the National Museum in Istanbul are cited primarilyaccording to their transliteration in Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger (1959) andÇıp/Kızılyay (1965), the latter of which does not generally include descrip-tions of the features of the actual tablets. Therefore, the entry of Istanbulmanuscripts here should be regarded as highly provisional. A new surveyof this collection would qualify the typology of these texts and, un-doubtedly, reveal a number of additional entries to be added to this catalog.

Abbreviations:AOAT 362 = Peterson 2009AS 16 = Çıp/Kızılyay 1965BPOA 9 = Peterson, in pressCM 22 = Veldhuis 2004

EEN = Veldhuis 1997NGL = Nippur GodlistSAlph = Syllable AlphabetTTKY 7,35 = Çıp/Kızılyay/Landsberger

1959

PN List Nin-nin

Four-Sided PrismCBS 7828 (PBS 11/3 73, TTKY 7,35,

109–110)

Type II reverse:CBS 5857 (PBS 11/3 50, TTKY 7,35, 110)

(obv PNs Ku3+DN)CBS 6661 (PBS 11/3 46, TTKY 7,35, 110)

(obv not preserved)N 5054 (obv PN list dInana-tes2)Ni 4844 (Çıp/Kızılyay 1965, 45, 56) (obv

PNs Nu-ur2+DN)

UM 29-16-540 (obv. Lipit-Istar B: BPOA 9no. 176)

Type II obverseCBS 4597 (+) CBS 4597A? (PBS 12 26)

(rev. SAlph B)CBS 14120 (PBS 11/1 3, TTKY 7,35, 110)

(rev dInana-tes2)

Type IIIUM 29-13-507


Type IVN 4082?N 4875 (AfO 29–30, 33)UM 29-15-851 (AfO 29–30, 32)

Tablet type unclearNi 2658 (TTKY 7,35, 20–21, 90, 110)Ni 4606 (TTKY 7,35, 40, 90, 110)Ni 5247 (TTKY 7,35, 52, 110)Ni 5318 (TTKY 7,35, 54, 91, 110–111)

PN List dInana-tes

Four-Sided PrismCBS 7832 (PBS 11/3 71) (+) CBS 7837

Type ICBS 6383 (PBS 11/1 5)CBS 6388 (PBS 11/1 2)*CBS 6442 (PBS 11/1 4) + CBS 6655 (PBS

11/1 39) + UM 29-16-119 (+) N 3786*CBS 6457 (PBS 11/1 23) + N 4743*CBS 6669 (PBS 11/3 p. 276) + 2965N 2973*N 4709 + N 7218N 5317N 5906UM 55-21-4 = 2N-T 17UM 55-21-169 = 2N-T 788

Middle Babylonian Type I:CBS 1783 + CBS 12609 (PBS 5 154, PBS

11/1 7)48

Type II reverse49

CBS 2131 (PBS 11/1 11) (obv not preserved)CBS 2262 (obv not preserved)

48 The contents of this specific manuscriptwere discussed by Chiera (1916, 27–29).

49 A number of reverse type II extracts ofdInana-tes2 read left to right as opposedto right to left. As Taylor (2008, 205)notes, the incidence of reverse type IIextracts reading left to right tends to de-crease in later phases of the scribal cur-riculum, apparently as the experience ofthe scribe increased.

CBS 3849 (PBS 11/1 34, SLT 147) (obvUr5-ra 1: EEN 296)

CBS 3959 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (obv Ur5-ra 2?)CBS 5845 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (obv not pre-

served)CBS 5809 (PBS 11/1 86) (obv unid., per-

haps Ur5-ra 2?)CBS 5810 (PBS 11/1 19) (obv theophoric

PN list)CBS 5811 (PBS 11/1 63) + CBS 5839 (PBS

11/1 30) + N 4971* + N 6971 (obvUr5-ra 1: EEN 302)50

CBS 5813 (PBS 11/1 48) (obv theophoricPN list)

CBS 5814 (PBS 11/1 20) (obv A-a-kal-la)CBS 5830 (PBS 11/1 51) (preserved obv

blank)CBS 5840 (PBS 11/1 26) (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)CBS 5843 (PBS 11/1 21) (obv illegible)CBS 5851 (PBS 11/1 53) (obv PN Lu2-dEn-

lil2)*CBS 5878 (PBS 11/1 29) + CBS 5923

(PBS 11/1 14) + CBS 5956 (PBS 11/1p. 86) (obv not preserved)

CBS 5883 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (+) N 5242(obv Ur5-ra 6)

CBS 5915 (PBS 11/1 25) (obv Ba-[…])CBS 5916 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (obv not pre-

served)

50 After the double line indicating the endof the Ur5-ra extract, the non-acro-graphically related personal namesdisU-bar-ru-um, disKu-ri-tum, disL u 2- N i -b r u k i , disdI n a n a - m a - a n - s u m , anddisIs-ta-a-a-x? are entered, see theremarks of Veldhuis (1997, 302) andChiera (1916, 17).


CBS 5935 (PBS 11/1 31) (obv not preserved)CBS 5936 (PBS 11/1 6) (obv Ba-[…])*CBS 5945 (PBS 11/1 1) + CBS 6396 (PBS

11/1 2) + N 4756 (obv dInana-tes2)CBS 5948 (PBS 11/1 22) (obv theophoric

PN list)CBS 5955 (PBS 11/1 10, SLT 197)

(obv Ur5-ra 2: MSL 7, 211)CBS 5964 (PBS 1171 57) (preserved obv

blank)*CBS 5965 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) + CBS 6720

(preserved obv blank)CBS 5970 (PBS 11/1 55) (obv not preserved)CBS 5975 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (obv Pr-Kagal)CBS 5989 (PBS 11/1 42) (obv dInana-tes2)CBS 6374 (PBS 11/1 49) (obv Pr-Ki-ulutin-

bi-se3)CBS 6378 (PBS 11/2 47) (obv not pre-

served)CBS 6380 (SLT 226) (obv Ur5-ra 5)CBS 6390 (PBS 11/1 pl. 37) (obv Ur5-ra 1:

EEN 318)CBS 6401 (PBS 11/1 52) (obv dInana-tes2)CBS 6444 (SLT 196) (obv Ur5-ra 2: MSL 7,

209)CBS 6445 + CBS 6446 (PBS 11/1 20) (obv

unid.)CBS 6477 (PBS 11/1 9) (preserved obv

blank)CBS 6656 (PBS 11/1 36, SLT 210) (obv

Ur5-ra 2: MSL 7, 210)CBS 6657 (PBS 11/1 50) (obv Ba-[…])CBS 6666 (PBS 11/3 60) (obv theophoric

PN list)CBS 6671 (SLT 195) (obv Ur5-ra 2: MSL 7,

212 and 229)CBS 6673 (obv not preserved)CBS 6677 (obv unid.)CBS 6679 (obv A-a-kal-la)CBS 6682 (obv Ur5-ra 1: EEN 300)CBS 7949 (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)CBS 11070 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (preserved obv

blank)CBS 11360 (preserved obv blank)CBS 12667 (PBS 11/1 28) (obv not pre-

served)CBS 13566 + CBS 13581 + CBS 13598 +

CBS 13640 + CBS 13649 + CBS 13675(PBS 11/1 60) (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)

CBS 13686 + CBS 13607 (obv A-a-kal-la)CBS 13573 + CBS 13578 + CBS 13622 +

CBS 13630 + CBS 13639 + CBS 13641+ CBS 13648 + CBS 13674 (PBS 11/1 6)(obv dInana-tes2)

CBS 13653 (obv Ur5-ra 5)CBS 14120) (PBS 11/1 3 ) (obv Nin-nin)CBS 15224 (obv Ur5-ra 2)*N 1564 + N 6185 (obv Ur5-ra 1: for N

1564 see EEN 320)N 3245 (obv not preserved)N 3802 (obv Ur5-ra 2)N 4046 (obv not preserved)N 4569 (preserved obv blank)N 4582 (preserved obv blank)N 4681 (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)N 4862 (obv not preserved)N 4871 (preserved obv blank)N 4981 (obv Ur5-ra 1: EEN 314)N 4982 (obv unid.)N 4995 (obv not preserved)*N 5043 + N 5791 (obv theophoric PN list)N 5044 (obv unid.)N 5057 (obv not preserved)N 5058 (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)N 5073 (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)N 5082 (obv A-a-kal-la)N 5145 (preserved obv blank)N 5224 (obv A-a-kal-la)N 5226 (obv A-a-kal-la)N 5236 (preserved obv blank)N 5277 (obv not preserved)N 5360 (obv not preserved)*N 5376 + N 5690 (obv not preserved)N 5291 (obv not preserved)N 5510 (obv not preserved)N 5513 (obv unid.)51

N 5516 (preserved obv blank)N 5521 (obv A-a-kal-la)N 5552 (obv Ur5-ra division 1: EEN 312)N 5612 (preserved obv blank)N 5758 + N 5759 (obv Ba-[…])N 5795 (obv dInana-tes2)N 5803 (obv unid.)

51 The obverse of this fragment preservesonly an irregular sign written at a 90°angle to the typical direction of text.


N 5810 (obv Ur5-ra division 2: MSL 7, 211)N 5852 (obv Ba-[…])N 5855 (obv NGL: AOAT 362, 12)N 5868 (preserved obv blank)*N 5876 + N 5922 (Obv theophoric PN list)N 5916 (preserved obv blank)N 6057 (preserved obv blank)N 6071 (preserved obv blank)N 6102 (obv Ur5-ra 1)N 6124 (preserved obv blank)N 6167 (obv Ba-[…])N 6168 (obv NGL: AOAT 362, 12)N 6536 (obv not preserved)N 7195 (obv unid.)UM 29-13-467 (obv A-a-kal-la?)UM 29-13-531 (obv dInana-tes2)UM 29-13-705 (obv unid.)UM 29-15-140 (obv traces)UM 29-15-12 (obv Ba-[…])UM 29-16-40 (obv diverse initial element

PN list?)UM 29-16-263 (obv Ur5-ra 3)UM 55-21-56 = 2N-T 262 (preserved obv

blank)UM 55-21-288 = 2N-T 256 (obv Ba-[…])UM 55-21-290 = 3N-T 262 (preserved obv

blank)UM 55-21-361 = 3N-T 629 (obv Ur5-ra 1:

EEN 303)UM 55-21-405 = 3N-T 911L (obv Ur5-ra 4:

MSL 10, 145)UM 55-21-424 = 3N-T 924C (obv Ur5-ra

2: MSL 7, 178)UM 55-21-409 = 3N-T 911R (obv Ur5-ra 1:

EEN 303)3N-T 917, 363 (SLFN 88) (preserved obv

blank)

Type II obverseCBS 5850 (PBS 11/1 56) (rev? unid.)CBS 5861 (PBS 11/1 59) (rev SAlph B)CBS 5871 (PBS 11/1 35) (rev tu-ta-ti)CBS 5876 (PBS 11/1 44) (rev SAlph B)CBS 5888 (PBS 11/1 58) (rev SAlph B)CBS 5904 (PBS 11/1 17) (rev Tu-ta-ti)*CBS 5945 (PBS 11/1 1) + CBS 6396 (PBS

11/1 12) + N 4756 (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5963 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (rev SAlph B)

CBS 5981 (PBS 11/1 48) (rev SAlph B)CBS 5989 (PBS 11/1 42) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5994 (PBS 11/1 15) rev. SAlph B)CBS 6387 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (rev not pre-

served/illegible)CBS 6389 (PBS 11/1 p. 86) (rev not pre-

served)CBS 6401 (PBS 11/1 62) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 6672 (PBS 11/1 66) (rev SAlph B)*CBS 12520 + CBS 12682 + CBS 12720

(PBS 11/1 p. 86) + N 5068 (rev syllablealphabet type text)

CBS 13573 + CBS 13578 + CBS 13622 +CBS 13630 + CBS 13639 + CBS 13641+ CBS 13638 + CBS 13674 (PBS 11/1 6)(rev dInana-tes2)

N 4726 (rev unid.)N 4795 (rev not preserved)N 4858 (rev SAlph B)N 5054 (rev Nin-nin)*N 5335 + N 5426 (rev SAlph B)N 5509 (rev SAlph B)N 5709 (rev SAlph B)N 5795 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5806 (rev SAlph B?)N 5889 (rev blank)UM 29-13-450 (rev SAlph B)UM 29-13-531 (rev dInana-tes2)UM 29-15-733 (rev SAlph B)UM 29-16-14 (rev SAlph B)

Type II recycled (palimpsest)CBS 7089 (rev Tu-ta-ti)52

Type IIICBS 6384 (PBS 11/3 67)N 1943N 5542N 5605N 6152UM 29-16-399

52 The obverse was reused for OB Ur5-ra3, but the remnants of a student copy ofPN list dInana-tes is visible on the rightof the obverse surface.


Type IVA 29978 = 2N-T 381 (AfO 29/30 38)CBS 9782? (PBS 11/1 18, AfO 29/30 28)CBS 14196 (AfO 29/30 30)HS 1488 (TMH 4 65, AfO 29/30 22, 37)IM 58032 = 2N-T 507 (TIM 10 125)IM unnumbered = 2N-T 503 (TIM 10 160)UM 29-13-159 (AfO 29/30 22, 31)UM 55-21-53 = 2N-T 256UM 55-21-69 = 2N-T 412 (AfO 29–30, 39)Columbia (Plimpton) 267 (Robson 2002,

277, 280)

Tablet type unclearCBS 5906 (PBS 11/1 24) (one side (rev?)

unid.)CBS 5925 (PBS 11/1 8)CBS 5967 (PBS 11/1 p. 86)CBS 6680N 3021N 5103N 5515N 6360N 6813N 7651

PN List Ba-[…]

Four-Sided PrismCBS 7841

Type ICBS 3845 (PBS 11/1 41) + N 3785 + N

5093CBS 3925 (PBS 11/1 62) (+) CBS 10065 +

CBS 11075 (+) UM 29-15-564 (+) N1848

*CBS 5818 (PBS 11/1 54) + CBS 14142CBS 5889 (PBS 11/1 37)CBS 8208N 4105N 4139N 6161N 6489?UM 29-16-105

Reverse type IICBS 5832 (PBS 11/1 38) (obv

A-a-kal-la)CBS 5858? (PBS 11/2 p. 173) (obv

A-a-kal-la)CBS 5922 (PBS 11/1 32) (preserved obv

blank)CBS 5929? (obverse Ur5-ra 4: CM 22, 166,

pl. 4)CBS 5933 (PBS 11/1 45) (obv Ba-[…])N 5139? (obv Ur5-ra 1)

N 5606 (preserved obv blank)N 5665 (obv not preserved)

Obverse type IICBS 5847 (rev. SAlph B)CBS 5898? (rev SAlph B)CBS 5915 (PBS 11/1 25) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5933 (rev Ba-[…])CBS 5936 (PBS 11/1 61) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5973 (rev traces)CBS 6657 (PBS 11/1 50) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 6681 (rev SAlph B)CBS 8295? (rev tu-ta-ti?)CBS 13998 (rev PN elements = Tu-ta-ti?)N 5171 (rev tu-ta-ti)N 5507 (rev not identified)N 5643 (rev not preserved)N 5683 (rev SAlph B)N 5758 + N 5759 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5852 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5167 (rev dInana-tes2)Ni 3854 (TTKY 7,35, 37) (rev SAlph B)UM 29-16-12 (rev dInana-tes2)UM 55-21-288 = 2N-T 256 (rev

dInana-tes2)

Type IVCBS 14191 (AfO 29–30, 22, 30)IM 58033 = 2N-T 514 (AfO 29–30, 40)


Tablet type unclearCBS 6391 (PBS 11/1 33) (obv? unid. PNs:

extract? starts at far right)53

N 3744

N 3772Ni 10001 (Cavigneaux in Proust 2007: 350)

(rev? metrological table?)

PN List A-a-kal-la

Four-side PrismCBS 7834 (PBS 11/3 76, AS 16, 43 f.) Col-

lective source that also includes diverseinitial element PN list?

UM 55-21-365 = 3N-T 643 53

Type I*CBS 2332 (+) CBS 11404 (PBS 11/2 25)

(+) N 7688CBS 5815 (PBS 11/2 32) + CBS 5848

(PBS 11/2 48) + N 7521*CBS 5940 (PBS 11/2 34)CBS 6441 (PBS 11/2 33)*CBS 12756 (PBS 11/2 38) + N 5301CBS 1409?N 3630*UM 29-15-289 + N 5269 + N 5303 +

N 6494 + N 7083UM 55-21-87 = 2N-T 593UM 55-21-73 = 2N-T 450

Type II reverse*CBS 3875 (SLT 168) + N 4873 (obv

Ur5-ra 1: for CBS 3875 see EEN 306)*CBS 4601 (PBS 11/2, 173) + UM

29-16-150 (obv Ur5-ra 1: for UM29-16-150 see EEN 315)

CBS 4852 (obv Ur5-ra 2)CBS 4878 (SLT 90) + CBS 6670 (SLT 98)

(obv Ur5-ra 2: for CBS 4878 see MSL 7,179 and for CBS 6670 see MSL 7, 180)

CBS 5827 (PBS 11/2 p. 173) (obv Ur5-ra 1)

53 As noted by Cavigneaux, the other sideof this tablet is no longer substantiallypreserved, but was identified as metro-logical in Kraus’ catalog.

CBS 5829 (PBS 11/2 28) (obv unid.)CBS 5846 (PBS 11/2 44) (obv Ur5-ra 2:

MSL 7, 211)CBS 5890 (PBS 11/2 43) (preserved obv

blank)CBS 5930 (obv Ur5-ra 2)CBS 5942 (PBS 11/2 51) (preserved obv

blank)CBS 5944 (PBS 11/2 53) (obv Ur5-ra 1:

EEN 295)*CBS 5946 (+) N 6110 (+) N 619254 (obv

A-a-kal-la)CBS 5974 (PBS 11/3 24) (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)CBS 6392 (PBS 11/2 52) (preserved obv

blank)CBS 6425 (PBS 11/2 31, AS 16, 43)

(preserved obv blank)CBS 6659 (SLT 162, PBS 11/2 40)

(obv Ur5-ra 1: EEN 302)CBS 6665 (PBS 11/3 61) (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)CBS 6674 (PBS 11/2, p. 174) (obv Ur5-ra 1:

EEN 302)CBS 6736 (SLT 152, PBS 11/2, p. 174) (obv

Ur5-ra 1: EEN 302)CBS 7396 (preserved obv blank or not pre-

served)CBS 1400 (PBS 5 130) (obv Pr-Ea: MSL

14, 28)CBS 14112 (PBS 11/2 56) (obv Pr-Ea)CBS 14156 (photo Tinney 1998, 45, fig. 9

[obv only]) (obv Ur5-ra 1, reverse com-bined with Ur5-ra 1: EEN 36 and 299)

CBS 15406 (PBS 5 124) (obv Pr-Ea: MSL14, 28)

N 3990 (preserved obv blank)N 4107 (obv illegible)

54 These pieces clearly belong to the sametablet, but post-breakage distortion pre-vents a physical join.


N 4144 (obv diverse initial element PN list)N 4927 + N 6244 + N 7696 (obv Pr-Ea:

MSL 14, 26)N 5008 (preserved obv blank or not pre-

served)N 5120 (obv A-a-kal-la)N 5159 (obv Ur5-ra 4: MSL 10, 120)N 5173 (obv Ur5-ra 3)N 5532 (obv Ur5-ra 4: MSL 10, 120)N 5627 (obv theophoric PN list)N 5942 (preserved obv blank)N 6000 (preserved obv blank)N 6008 (obv unid.)N 6056 (obv only preserves ending double

line)*N 6098 + N 6205 + 6118 + 6205 + 6220

(+) N 6179 (preserved obv blank)N 6132 (preserved obv blank)*N 6138 + N 6142 (obv Ur5-ra 4)N 6169 (preserved obv blank)N 6204 (preserved obv blank)N 7065 (preserved obv blank)Ni 10137 (AS 16, 54–55) (obv diverse initial

element PN list)UM 29-13-242 (obv Pr-Ea)UM 29-13-607 (obv diverse initial element

PN list?)UM 29-13-723 (obv Pr-Ea?)

Type II obverseCBS 5814 (PBS 11/1 20) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5826 (PBS 11/2 26) (rev not preserved)CBS 5832 (PBS 11/1 38) (rev Ba-[…])CBS 5855 (PBS 11/2 p. 173) (rev effaced)CBS 5856 (PBS 11/2 36) (rev tu-ta-ti)CBS 5858 (PBS 11/2 p. 173) (rev Ba-[…]?)CBS 5921 (PBS 11/2 46) (rev SAlph B)CBS 5946 (PBS 11/2 55) (+) N 6110 (+) N

6192 (rev A-a-kal-la)55

CBS 5995 (PBS 11/2 39) (rev tu-ta-ti)CBS 6679 (rev dInana-tes2)*CBS 10505 + CBS 10764 (PBS 11/2 49)

(rev SAlph B)

55 These pieces seem to belong to the sametablet, but apparent post-breakage dis-tortion prevents a physical join.

CBS 13585 + CBS 13607 (PBS 11/2 30)(rev dInana-tes2)

CBS 15060 (rev tu-ta-ti)N 5082 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5120 (rev A-a-kal-la)N 5224 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5226 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5455 (rev SAlph B)N 5521 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5592 (rev tu-ta-ti)N 5741 (rev SAlph B)N 5804 (rev SAlph B)N 5849 (preserved rev blank)N 5965 (rev not preserved)Ni 3580 (TTKY 7,35, 30) (rev SAlph B)Ni 5220 (TTKY 7,35, 19) (rev SAlph B)Ni 10069 (TTKY 7,35, 19) (rev SAlph B)UM 29-13-467? (rev dInana-tes2)3N-T 903, 108 (SLFN p. 5) (rev SAlph B)

Type IIICBS 5812CBS 6373

Type IVCBS 5886? (PBS 11/2 41)

Tablet type unclearCBS 3841CBS 10231N 3480 + N 7709N 4632N 4804N 5006N 5106N 5995N 6494N 6518N 7011Ni 3369? (AS 16, 54)Ni 3381 (AS 16, 51)Ni 3431 (AS 16, 53)Ni 3451 (AS 16, 52)Ni 3462 (AS 16, 53–54)Ni 3889 (AS 16, 52)Ni 3903 (AS 16, 51)


Ni 3909 (AS 16, 51)Ni 3955 (AS 16, 51)Ni 4737 (AS 16, 51)Ni 4786 (AS 16, 51)Ni 4806 (AS 16, 52)Ni 4810 (AS 16, 51–52)Ni 4827 (AS 16, 51)Ni 4850 (AS 16, 54)

Ni 4886 (AS 16, 53)Ni 4915 (AS 16, 51–52)Ni 4944 (AS 16, 53)Ni 5115 (AS 16, 51–52)Ni 5157 (AS 16, 52)Ni 5171 (AS 16, 52–53)Ni 10930 (AS 16, 51)

Diverse Initial Element PN List

Four-Sided PrismCBS 7834 (PBS 11/3 76, AS 16, 43f.) Collec-

tive source that also includes A-a-kal-la?

PrismNi 10524 (AS 16, 43 f.)56 number of sides

not disclosed)

Type ICBS 5919 (PBS 11/2 20) + N 6212CBS 6440 (PBS 11/2 16) + N 4136CBS 7033 (PBS 11/3 69)N 3597 + N 3690

Type II reverseCBS 5869 (PBS 11/2 11) (obv unid.)CBS 5887 (PBS 11/2 13) (obv Ur5-ra 1:

EEN 309)

Type II obverseCBS 5852 (rev Tu-ta-ti)CBS 5976 (PBS 11/2 17) (rev SAlph B)

N 4069? (rev SAlph B)N 4144 (rev A-a-kal-la)N 5038? (rev unid. PN list or PN elements

= Tu-ta-ti?)N 6196 (rev SAlph B)Ni 10137 (AS 16, 54–55) (rev A-a-kal-la?)UM 29-13-607? (rev A-a-kal-la)UM 29-16-40? (rev dInana-tes2)

Type IVIM 58034 = 2N-T 521? (TIM 10 127)IM 58035 = 2N-T 523? (TIM 10 128)IM unnumbered = 2N-T 509 (TIM 10 162)N 59517? (AfO 29–30, 35)UM 29-16-491 (AfO 29–30, 22, 33)UM 29-16-729?

Tablet type unclearCBS 5920 (PBS 11/2 14)CBS 5980? (PBS 11/3 47)CBS 6536Ni 10499 + Ni 10505? (AS 16, 50)Ni 10501? (AS 16, 50)UM 29-13-308 (opposite side blank)

PN List Lu2-dEn-lil2

Four-Sided Prism 56

CBS 3848 (PBS 11/3 3) (+) CBS 7829 +CBS 7836 (PBS 11/3 70) + N 1645 (+)

56 The number of sides of this prism are notspecifically disclosed in this publication.

CBS 7833 (PBS 11/3 74) (four-sided) Col-lective text followed by month names:see AS 16, 42 and EEN 32 n. 90

Type ICBS 3943 (PBS 11/3 9)CBS 6443 + CBS 11055A (PBS 11/3 25)


CBS 9861 + N 4121 + N 5579 (+) UM29-13-2 + UM 29-16-148 + N 3747 + N4151 (+) N 6004

UM 29-16-290 (+) N 5597UM 29-16-226 (+) N 972

Type II reverseCBS 5895 (PBS 11/3 6) (preserved obv

blank)*CBS 10985 (PBS 11/2 10, PBS 11/3 16) +

N 5234 (obv theophoric PN list)*CBS 11066 (PBS 11/3 19) (+) UM

29-15-351 (obv theophoric PN list)CBS 11354 (PBS 11/3 8) (preserved obv

blank)*CBS 11398 (PBS 11/2 9, PBS 11/3 17) +

UM 29-15-257 (obv theophoric PN list)*CBS 12669 + N 4649 (+) CBS 12681 +

CBS 12711 (PBS 11/3 18) (obv theo-phoric PN list)

CBS 13611 (PBS 11/3 7) (obv Ur5-ra 1:EEN 313, source Ni II-219)

N 2408 (obv not preserved)N 2934 (obv not preserved)N 4853 (obv theophoric PN list)N 5439 (obv not preserved)N 5558 (obv Lu2-dEn-lil2)N 6036* + N 6135 + N 6137 (preserved obv

blank)UM 29-16-577 (preserved obv blank)

Type II obverseCBS 5835? (PBS 11/3 37) (rev not pre-

served)57

CBS 5840 (PBS 11/1 26) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5851 (PBS 11/1 53) (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5974 (PBS 11/3 24) (rev A-a-kal-la)

57 The sequence of entries in this tabletalso occurs in PN list Ur-ki, and the be-ginning of the entries are not preserved,thus concealing whether or not thescribe used the PN marker dis, so thedecisive attribution of this tablet toeither one of these lists is not possible.

CBS 6393 (PBS 11/3 5) (rev PN elements =tu-ta-ti?)

CBS 6665 (PBS 11/3 61) (rev A-a-kal-la)CBS 7949 (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 13566 + CBS 13581 + CBS 13598 +

CBS 13640 + CBS 13649 + CBS 13675(PBS 11/1 60) (rev dInana-tes2)

CBS 13662 (PBS 11/3 13) (rev Tu-ta-ti?)N 4681 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5058 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5073 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5557 (rev Tu-ta-ti)N 5558 (rev Lu2-dEn-lil2)

Type IIICBS 5859 (PBS 11/3 1)

Type IVA 30180 = 3N-T 217? (AfO 29–30, 42)CBS 3637? (PBS 11/3 32, AfO 29–30) (or

Ur-ki?)CBS 5882 (PBS 11/3 15, AfO 29–30, 25)CBS 6421 (PBS 11/3 14, AfO 29–30, 25)CBS 7807IM unnumbered = 2N-T 459? (TIM 10

156) (or Lu2-dEn-lil2?)UM 29-16-146? (AfO 29–30, 32)UM 55-21-93 = 2N-T 608? (or Ur-ki)UM 55-21-279 = 3N-T 181 (AfO 29–30,

42)

Text type unclearCBS 5854 (PBS 11/3 11)CBS 5894? (PBS 11/3 4)CBS 5988 (PBS 11/3 12)CBS 6379N 5097N 7319Ni 1093 (AS 16, 45)


Theophoric PN List

Four-Sided PrismCBS 7827 (SLT 212)CBS 7852 (PBS 11/3 277)CBS 11084 (PBS 11/3 78)CBS 12488

Type ICBS 4607 (PBS 12/1 41)CBS 5803 (PBS 11/2 8)CBS 5844 (PBS 11/2 19)CBS 6070CBS 11337 (PBS 11/2 22) (+) CBS 11355

(PBS 11/2 21)CBS 13383N 1330N 1648N 3583N 5451N 5707*N 5905 + N 5970Ni 5082 + Ni 10176 (AS 16, 55)UM 29-16-354

Type II reverseCBS 2339 (PBS 11/2 3) (obv theophoric

PN list?)CBS 2342 (PBS 11/2 2) (obv theophoric

PN list)CBS 3880 (PBS 11/2 18) (obv theophoric

PN list)CBS 5924 (PBS 11/2 7) (obv theophoric

PN list)*CBS 5934 (PBS 11/2 6) + N 5188 (obv

Ur5-ra 4)CBS 6119 (SLT 151) (obv Ur5-ra 1: EEN

304)CBS 8016 (obv Ur5-ra 2)CBS 8164 (SLT 175) (obv Ur5-ra 1: EEN

304)CBS 10873 (surface fragment)CBS 10994 (PBS 11/2 23) (obv theophoric

PN list)CBS 11010 (PBS 11/2 5) (preserved obv

blank)

CBS 12659 (preserved obv blank)HS 1701 (obv Ur5-ra 1: EEN 308)N 4857? (obv Ur5-ra 1)*N 4680 + N 7678 (obv theophoric PN list)N 5309 (obv preserves only illegible traces

of a student copy)N 5548 (obv Ur5-ra 4: CM 22, 168)N 5611 (preserved obv blank)N 5766 (obv not preserved)N 5793 (obv theophoric PN list)N 5879 (preserved obv blank)N 7440 (obv not preserved)UM 29-15-79 (obv not preserved)UM 29-15-120 (obv not preserved)UM 29-15-311 (obv not preserved)

Type II obverseCBS 2339? (PBS 11/2 3) (rev theophoric

PN list)CBS 2342 (rev theophoric PN list)CBS 3880 (rev theophoric PN list)CBS 5810 (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5813 (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 5924 (rev theophoric PN list)CBS 5948 (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 6438 (rev tu-ta-ti)CBS 6666 (rev dInana-tes2)CBS 6683 (PBS 11/3 65) (rev unid. PN list)CBS 6946 (rev not preserved)CBS 10867A (rev not preserved)*CBS 10985 (PBS 11/2 10, PBS 11/3 16) +

N 5234 (rev PN Lu2-dEn-lil2)CBS 10994 (PBS 11/2 23) (rev theophoric

PN list)CBS 11066 (PBS 11/3 19) (+) UM

29-15-351 (rev Lu2-dEn-lil2)*CBS 11398 (PBS 11/2 9, PBS 11/3 17) +

UM 29-15-257 (rev Lu2-dEn-lil2)*CBS 12669 + N 4649 (+) CBS 12681 + CBS

12711 (PBS 11/3 18) (rev Lu2-dEn-lil2)N 4853 (rev Lu2-dEn-lil2)*N 4860 + N 7678 (rev theophoric PN list)*N 5043 + N 5791 (rev dInana-tes2)N 5120 (rev PN list A-a-kal-la)N 5551 (rev tu-ta-ti)


N 5578 (rev tu-ta-ti)N 5627 (rev A-a-kal-la)N 5661? (rev not preserved?)N 5793 (rev theophoric PN list)*N 5876 + N 5922 (rev dInana-tes2)N 6094 (rev not preserved?)N 6217 (rev surface blank)N 6652 (rev not preserved)Ni 1882 (TTKY 7,35, 19) (rev SAlph B)Ni 4889 (TTKY 7,35, 45) (rev SAlphB)UM 55-21-296 = 3N-T 275 (rev SAlph B)

Type IIIN 1714?

Type IVCBS 6382 (PBS 11/3 49) (AfO 29–30, 25)UM 55-21-46 = 2N-T 211 (AfO 29–30, 38)UM 55-21-48 = 2N-T 219 (AfO 29–30, 38)UM 55-21-50 = 2N-T 235 (AfO 29–30, 38)UM 55-21-70 = 2N-T 414 (AfO 29–30, 39)

Tablet type unclearCBS 5804 (PBS 11/2 29)CBS 5996 (PBS 11/2 15)CBS 8036CBS 12524CBS 13929CBS 14109X58

58 In addition to the three fragments copiedby Chiera in STVC 87, CBS 15109A andCBS 15109C (Ninegala, joins CBS 14052[SEM 86] + CBS 14052B [SEM 87] +CBS 14109A + CBS 14109C [STVC87C] + N 6285 + Ni 4334 [Behrens1998, pl. 6, 11] + N 2732 [the last piecewas joined by the author]), and CBS15109B (Death of Gilgames, joined byVeldhuis to CBS 6966 [SEM 24] + CBS

N 1474N 3322N 3430N 4673N 4718N 4781N 5431?Ni 3287 (AS 16, 50)Ni 3481 (AS 16, 49)Ni 3882 (AS 16, 50)Ni 3910 (AS 16, 48)Ni 3918 (AS 16, 47)Ni 3964 (AS 16, 50)Ni 4791 (AS 16, 50)Ni 4889 (AS 16, 49)Ni 4972 (AS 16, 48)Ni 5070 (AS 16, 49)Ni 5079 (+) Ni 5080 (AS 16, 47–49)Ni 5129 (AS 16, 48)Ni 5180 (AS 16, 50)Ni 10125 (AS 16, 49–50)Ni 10185 (AS 16, 49–50)Ni 10493 (AS 16, 50)Ni 10939 (AS 16, 51)

7900 [SEM 25] + N 3189 + 3190 [Cavig-neaux/al-Rawi 2000, pl. 1–2, source N1]+ N 1377 [Peterson, in press, text no.51]: see Veldhuis 2001, 145–147), severalunrelated pieces bear this museumnumber. These include the aforemen-tioned fragment of the theophoric PNlist, a fragment of Gilgames and Äu-wawa A (Peterson, in press: text no. 65),and another unidentified fragment, pos-sibly literary, written in a somewhaterratic hand that appears to preserve,among other things, an occurrence ofthe word k u su m m u 3, “waterskin.”


PN List Ur-ki

Type ICBS 5808 (PBS 11/3 26)CBS 6142 (SLT 112) + CBS 7989 (PBS 11/3

75) + UM 29-16-252 (+) UM 29-16-221(+) UM 29-16-224 (photo Veldhuis2010, 397–399: joins made by Veldhuis)Combination source that also includesED Lu2 A (see Veldhuis 1997–1998, 125and Taylor 2008, 206–207).

CBS 7205 (PBS 11/3 59)N 3692 + N 3771 + N 4158*N 3742N 4905N 5419N 6543N 6992NABU 1987 no. 17 (unprovenienced and

unnumbered)*UM 29-16-227 + N 2637 + N 3427 + N

3459 (+) UM 29-16-647UM 55-21-306 = 2N-T 332

Type II reverse*CBS 2304 + CBS 9860 (PBS 11/3 30)

(preserved obv blank)*CBS 10992 (PBS 11/3 38) + CBS 19759 +

CBS 19833 + N 5070 (obv Ur-ki)*CBS 10997 (PBS 11/3 31) + CBS 11016

(PBS 11/3 33) (obv not preserved)

Type II obverseCBS 5835? (PBS 11/3 37) (rev not pre-

served)59

59 The sequence of entries in this tablet alsooccurs in some exemplars of Lu2-dEn-lil2(see, for example, CBS 6443 + CBS11055A [PBS 11/3 25] rev. ii 24–27),and the beginning of the entries not pre-served, thus concealing whether or notthe scribe used the PN marker dis, sothe decisive attribution of this tablet toeither one of these lists is not possible.

*CBS 10992 (PBS 11/3 38) + CBS 19759 +CBS 19833 + N 5070 (rev Ur-ki)

UM 29-15-110 (rev not preserved)UM 55-21-396 = 3N-T 911c (rev Pr-Ea:

MSL 14 28)

Type IIIUM 55-21-352 (3N-T 590)

Type IVCBS 3637? (PBS 11/3 32, AfO 29–30, 30)

(or Lu2-dEn-lil2)CBS 3807 (AfO 29–30, 23)CBS 7799? (AfO 29–30, 26)*CBS 11057 + N 4644?IM 58771 = 3N-T 861 (TIM 10 133, AfO

29–30, 43)IM unnumbered = 2N-T 459? (TIM 10

156) (or Lu2-dEn-lil2?)N 5358 (AfO 29–30, 34)UM 55-21-13 = 2N-T 43 (AfO 29–30, 37)UM 55-21-57? = 2N-T 409 (AfO 29–30,

39)UM 55-21-93? = 2N-T 608 (or Lu2-dEn-

lil2)

Text type unidentifiedCBS 12680CBS 13380? (JCS 30 55, JCS 32 63) (other

side Lipit-Istar B)60

60 This fragment preserves the beginningof one central column. The best-pre-served entry is U r - d[…], which pre-vents certain identification. However,since it lacks the PN marker dis, it ismost likely that it contained either thePN lists Ur-ki or Ur-dNanse. The texttype is unclear: the identification of thistext as a type II/1 exemplar of Lipit-IstarB by Tinney (1999, 171) is not convinc-ing, given the resumption of the text inobverse column ii.


N 4134N 6543Ni 1601 (ISET 1 48 (p. 106))61

Ni 10498 (AS 16, 50)

PN List Ur-dNanse

Four-Sided PrismUM 29-16-274 + N 5969 + N 6085

Type IN 6156 (follows SAlph A)N 4870 (follows SAlph A)UM 29-16-576 (follows SAlph A)

Tablet type uncertain*CBS 5824 (PBS 11/3 28) + unnumbered

(obverse not preserved)

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Documents

The Personal Name Lists in the Scribal Curriculum of Old Babylonian Nippur: an Overview