The 3rd lntcmatiOna sympoSun on Ea thqtlよ eand Dヽ aster Milg

Peristiwa dan KegiatanThe 3rd lnternational Symposium on

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Earthquake and Disaster MitigationlrsEDMlDownload as PDF I Add to mycalendar

'17''18 Desember 2013

HotelTentremll. A.M. SangajiNo. T2A Yogyakarta lndonesia 55235

Organlze.

FITB. BADAN GEOLOGI ESDM

Category

lTB

Participant

Dosen, Mahasiswa, Profesional dan Umum

Llnkagenda

h$prl/wwwfi tb.itb.ac.id/ageoda/Seminar/1 03959 /'t 2 / 1 1 / 201 3 I 451 lsEoM/

Descriptlon

lndonesla region is one ofthe world seismic hotsPot locaiing jn a complex tectonic environment, where 4

major tectonic plates collideeach other. Atequence of major ea rthquake disasters hit the region in past 10

years, tesulting in many casualties and multi bilion rupiah losses on infrastrucures and lheir r€lated economic

impacts. These incllde the 2OOO BenSkulu eanhquake (Mw 7.8), Aceh_Andama n tsunamiearthquake n 2004

(Mw 9.2), Nias-simeulue earthquake in 2oO5 {Mw 8.7), Yogyakana earthquake in 2006,southlawa tsunanr n

2006 (Mw 7.6), Bengku lu ea(hquake in 2007 (Mw 8..1 a nd 7 9I Padang ea(hquake in 2009 (Mw 7.6) .rr d I rr.

most recent is theJuly 2013 Bener Meriah'Aceh earthquake (Mw 6 2)

lnternational Symposium on !arthquake and Disasler Mi! Sation would be Provides a platform of rese.rrthcs

on eanhquake and relaled geohazard for disaster rrsk reduction ln lndonesia-

callfor Papers

Prospective authors are invited to submitabstract of symposium theme. The abstract should less th€n '100

words and the official language is Englash. Ptease send the abstract to our email: isedm.2ol3@gmarl.com

Proceed ing will be published on Proaedia Earth and Planeiary :lseiver, Scopus lndex (under process)

ftemes

l oF3

. Earthquake Source . Tsunam and VolcanoloCy

24/022014〕 6:il

Tlle 3rd lntemational SympOstum on E"hquake and Dis6ter MLig hnp://www.itb.ac.id/agendr I i6,1 \hr,l

. oisaster Mitltarron

lmportant Dates

. November 25th 2013: deadline for abstract submission

. December lsl20l3iabstract acceptance notificat on

. December '17 - 18, 2013: symposlum dates

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ISEDM Secretariat

Local parucipantforcontributed speaker:

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Account number:0314051 672 (BNl lT8, account ovyner: Nikl Nakiyah)

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ISEDM 2013

3・ International Sympositrn on Eanhquakc and Disaster MitigatiOn

Predicting the liquefaction phenomena from shear velocity prohling:empirical approach to 6.3Mw, May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake

Eddy Hartantyo.,, Kirbani S. Brotopuspitor, Sismantor, Waluyor*・PD m″ 7F Pぃ0″ρ 輛

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Tho liquefetions phenoftla have morded while shocking 6 5MN eaihquake h( yogyakana pmvine ifl the mhinE of27 May 2006Several reea.chas hae repofted the dmages cN.lris, ed eit failues duc to lne quale, including the nupping ad eallzing rbeIquef@rion phenomena. Mosl ofrheh basd on sPT rn rnrhis paper, we by rodrrylhe liqueaaclion sus€ptibilig by manstteitr*velocity prorlins ums modined Mullichdnel Analysis of Sulace w@es (MASW) This pape s pretimi;ary reported by uDg or y*rral ne-ued MAsw pohts. we builr 8-chmel seisic dalu logger wi& 4.5 t,]i geophon* fo.lhis pupose. seve.al dife.mt ofherswdio dord rhe high @d low freq*nci* of sufee Eves. we stackihese phe-verociry diag66 in the fequoct dooain ralher thmin dre domir, for a cle@ ed esier dispqsior.we picki.s. Atl @des &e impr.mnling in Maltab Froo ir6e procodus, E hdeshca velocilv profiling binenth each gsphone \ s!read. By mapping ihe minimm deprh of shallov ware. hblq calculating pcA wnh soilclasificariotr, uing empnical fJmda for saluared soir weight aom shed verociry proflq and @lcutaritrg cRR and csR al every deplh,lhe liquef&tion characre.istic cm be identit in everv layd. Fre6 sew.l &quircd dara w ha* a tiq;fiibre porentral ar so;e d;prh

(.t@rd liqueladlorl Vs pofiling, MASW

Liqreracnon iso6e ofrhe secondary erfect dE ro hi8h magnitude and shaltow earrhquake everl (Jctreris and Bcm.2006jHuang and Yq 2012). Al least lhee condirions are needed 10 senente jiquefldion; i;. lilhotogical coidirions. warerrabteposilion, and masnitude (as Nrll as duldion) ofshakins (Andc6o. et al. 1982; Jerlbries md Be;a 2006). The sourh parl ofYogyakana p^rvince (Bxntul .egency, Soulhean pad ofsleman Regency and yog).aka.ta cily, See Fig t) ae dominarcd byvol€nic'clastic s€dimenls on the upmosr laver (Rahardjo, et al 1995j Hendrayana, l99r). This sedimenr

','is rra.spoded by

flood lnd avalanche in thc body ofriver and comisrs of grawt. snnd, sin, tutr, agglomerale and clay (Raharljo, eial 195j.The gririn size of riqueficd sund is dominated b) smd wirh finesr FC z i5% (Elnashai e1 al, 2co7). Thc srain size ofmeasured sands are in the mnge of liquerable sand. The votcanic{lasric sedim.rs is domi.ated by $nd and clay figuedfiom 99 wells lithology los.

The secod condirion is Lre deprh of war.r lable. upnosl water-lablc in soubern tueas ofyog/akarla w6 very shaltow(Hartdtyo tt al. 2013)- This cond;tio. will improvc the liquefaotion occunenccs due lo increasing pore pressues oisatumtedsoil. The third condition is rhe exislence of adive faulrs (rhe mah iiutt s"s knoun as opak ra;i) and it betieved as a Iireposirion ofmain eadhquake t'ault at May 2006 (soebowo er al. 2007; sa..h and soebowo, 20li). othr researohers indicarerhar the main sho.ks. deduced from aftershock epicenr'es (watrr et aL 2m8). and from INSAR amlysis (Tsuji et ar, 2008),

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Wna an eaihquake hil Yo$?kana in rlie ncdna of May Zrh 2006 (USGS), sevedt aiEas wre rcpored lo emptoyliquehcrims (s€r Fig 2). in the form ofsand boils, cracks, water +crs, md 16 wrer at wls (Le er at, 2006; Adawiyah.2008i Soebowo et al. 2007i Noltr, 2006i Sardr dd SoSow. 2013; pra,numidjoyo, m09). Thew repod shos thal he aiiaofsoudrern Yogvakada, esp€ciallv volcuic-crastic are4 is vurnemblero riqttfy. seboao etar(2007) has condLrred swralSm ad C?T ten around Purdong, Patalar, ad Jeris (sut'districrs di€ctly ro ttE ea51 of Bantul ciiy). By anaiysing

'heliquehclioo safeu with Liqit son{"re, they show tl't $e dep6 ofliq*facdon "!s

foura fom reu surrie 1ti.zm; ip to't2mdeptll s;milar wilh soebowo er al (200r, salah and soebowo (20t3) also using rhe sam€ da6 ro calcutare he rhickness ofliqueliabje smds ar rhc same area. TtEv stjow that the rhickesr (aroud 5m rhick) liquefisbte smd is found i6 rhe opak faulrarea, at Pu.dong sub district.

This papcr will. as a complimont to these wo.k. find lh. .deprh, of tiqEh.rion reponed b) 6ng ,implified liqueiaclionanalysis pro(edun (seed ed ldriss, I9l) fom el6uc (small sh(ar mo,lutus) cordiuon i.e. vetociry (vs) prcfiles. SLiruey areais iimilcd oly in lhe southern parl ofvohanic-clasiic s.d;menls, espe€ially stelt the l@alioos ofshalow water table wEttexisl ard thcEare cvidencd ofliquefrcti@ occuEnces

2. D.ar prcprrrtbn rdd pqlm.t r.stim.tio,

2-l Water tabl. oap

Wartr lable mEuemeds uEre condtEled at fie pe* of miry scason in lhid lek of l4alch 20t2 (Hdaln)o 2013). Irwas alsumed thal in lhd piece oflime.lh€ condil;on ofwaEr bble was in slEllo*est &ptll Simple measuremenrs u,ere usedro simpl,fy the method. jusl by mealunng the deflh ofwaEr by met r{aF h opefl wejts (dis \;ejt wit}Dur closed lid at detop). from surface of \l!t€r Llp ro gmud surface. Posirions ofeach poid wtre measured by hedy GpS. Shallow Mrerlabjewas found in celnml and souftem pan of Bantul iegency (see Fig 3a), crealing lhe .y' stBpe tolads Norrheasl a tNorrhwEn. This ligure stDws that in Banlul regency. we hnw wry stulow qarer tabtes (0-3m).'nis map ofcorelde wellwilh rlcoded liquefaction and fmctue occurerces (see Fig 3b). These trdEr levelsare us€d for liqEfacrjon caj.tlalior. Il isassumed thal iiomtlEse lelrisdom to l2m detrh,soilswerE tuliy saturaEd with Mte..

2.2 Hoizontol Peak Grcund AcceleratiM (PGA) esliMtian

Therc ar€ som€ popeB calculate he PGAvaltE in Yogyakana and its vicinily due to May 2m6 eantquake (Burton et al.2008i Kirbani. el al. 2006; ). In lhis paper. the PGA at has bcen calculated by Ambmseis er al (2m5) arenulion fonnuta.Ewn this attenuation is nol set locally in Yog/akzrra arEa;;t shoss a high corehtioo wih measuEd pGA in so,re areas. Ttlchodzo alPGA formulaiion isi

toa:o<u> = 2szz - 0142- nly + (-3.18., - 0.314.J|t.) toy,ot6tr41@ +o.137.s.,.+ 0.0.;.fi -0.084./ + 0.062 ri-0.044,4 (l)

wiflt d = peak hodzmlal groud acceleration (m/s2)i d = closesl dislarce f.om pcinl of inbrest ro tirE segment (hulE) inkm; Mw = magnitrde; .s',.tr = exieine soft c $ifl soil; arxt F,,FPFo = ensri4 lype of tuun (Normat, Tra,sverse orUnl(rlo\ln fauis).The soil classes seft deduc€d frcm vS30 (USGS). TIE eadl'quake magdilude w6 sd to 6.3Mw and ttl.type of fault was sct as sinisral (righl trarEve6e) fauh (inrrpct fmm Tsuji et al 20m). hs! t|e dinarc€ from poinis ofinreresrsto segment€d fau[ &!s calculded by assming rtar be faul uas a tinc rar]Er rhan a c@e. we use a segmened fautiinbrpretcl fmm INSAR and afreishock amlysis (Iluji er Et, 2O08).TiE horizoot pGA map which is us€ in tiquefactionadlysis is shown in Fig 4 It shows lhar rhe range ofPcA in Badutarta is round ( I - 3) m/s, or 0.1-o.jg. The highesr pGAofcours€ is lying al Nhelt ih€ fault exist

3. MASW m.e!ur.mcnt rtrd processiDg

we Laloulatc vs profiles by uin8 mullichannel anallsis of suace waves (MASW) orisina y i.roduced by p k ct al(1999). This melhod is still conlin@ developine ard has be uscd in sr\rrat ar.ar (Mi er et al., l99a; Miller ;t at., t99b:Palk and Miller. 2004; Park and Miller. 2ms; P k and Miller, 2006; Hanatnyo. 200q Hanadyo et at., 2008; Haiantyo.2010; srbulov' 2008). we made some improvements, *'hile orher s.hemes *ErE slack recorded races dara in space-time (.Er),bul we do lhis ;n iiequemy-phasc velocity 0A,) domaid. By usirylv stack wc can ,oe the lariation ofMAiw acquhftio;g€ometdes io prov;d€l-, stack.

MASW dah *as acquired by eighl d5Hz geophoi€s reco.ded with own-conslructed dara togger. Data Ecord \l?s set b7200 dalu for 8 charnels per s€cond, and geophme spacing was sd ro 3m. Five kg t'mmer anJ *ood plare were usine for

1 Eoddrro, 8.otq,4o, Sittu, wdqo / P.edE Eznhad Ptde.t s.EE

selsmic sourc.. Both fnwrd ard tEve6€ shots weE &quire4 each by 3m and 5m n@ ofrsrrs. Fig 5 shows lhe posiiioo ofm.asuEd MAs w daa (a) wilh somc photqsrphs duins aqub ition ( b).

FB ,1. Haianl PCA 'dB ir Yo6/.t.r. Eoi@ id6rd fDn ntlpcr.l.nulr t Tqi .r d. (2@!), clculd B AE&.FE (2@5) .bmj6

ar& 5 (!) MASW Dsdor Aina:(b) !d Cnlo*relE du.s &qcEnm tb[ b33rr rytu @ FcEd Eros tEhbq (b, roo nsrr)

Example of measuEd MAS\V data b takg| at poirl nmb€r A226 .sp:cially al four slDt glllErs Ecorded with souce al5m ofhet. TlEse shol galher tlEn were Buner$orthband rars fiftered (!45) Hz 6pecially for removing po\€r Fequency50H2, which &mina ly influercr the dala (s€e Fig. 6a). Surhc€ raves arc deatly identiltd f6 lhis sire,fmm longertr"velength seen at far offsel. CoNislency of each gatler looks good, shours by similar slEpe, eren daE *tre snap wirhdiffeenl rcroding l€ngth. Data lhen bring lo lr, via remapping tlEm inl-i (freqrEncy-*Evenurnb€, domain, (see Fi&6b). lnlherv domaia allshot seem consisEnl for €ach dala set.

Thes€ forl-, diagrams on Fi&6b arE llEn stack€d hanually to incrca* dE data quality and supprEss lhe incolrsistentmises clo$res (see Fig. 7a). By using lhis stacklv dab, E $rn easit pick 6e dat4 and l€t rhe progam do ideQolationarrl smooihin& The pickeddala llEn aulomatically inveded by using 'Scisinag€r' module (WaveEq) to pro&ce vs Fofih.(s€e Fig.?b). We set a model wilh deph up to 3On, divided in fixed 15 layc':. TIle slnthticr, data f,om optmLln modd6.n plo( bek ioy'y diagnn for picking to see the dsfi vhh pickcd/,v data. A[ plocedresr E(c€pt intrEion, rwre $ri enin Matlab.

4 vS bor.d [ql.hclioo In.lysii

TtE p.oc€dures aid amtsis of liqEfaclion by mealE of VS profile lirstly simplified by Seed &tdriss, l9l. SeleratrEsea&hers ther Dodrfied and appli€d lo judse th€ liquefied area (e.& Dohy€t al., l9El, 1982; S€ed et al.. t983t Biers.hwale

―

ル ′物 つ‐ 肺 ′

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調 Stokoc,1984:de Nba ctal.198● HyneS,1988:Stokoe et J,1988;T“ imasu祠 uchd、 199Q Rob“son et al.1"2;and Andnls et al,19")Follo■ ng the pr∝ edtt complled by ldns a“ BOu■nger(21X14)ard Nolltasll et a c01,,wecacuttethe Cr"C Re●stmce Ratio cRR)

rRR‐ 毛2〔αo22(号卜)2+28(転■ 蔦

―ホll`F

0,●“●∫●|

O)with

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andysi = 200 ds for lnest contert >= 35%i l{,r, Ld = 'l fo. unemented Holocem soit. Pa = air prcssure at surface L; =0.5 -shsesoil age ras ukmwr

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FrB 6 Dra ccdded at Dornt A226: (a) F '.@d

shoi srtiEr radds, lb)r, rlrerm for @h d,ra in (a)

For Cyclic Shee Stress Ralio (CSR), w€ calculate as;

with:, = smvitaljonal aocelemtion (m/s:), rd = coNtanl co.r€ction due to dept[ o, = Total verticat slress, a.dd; = etrectivestsess. Both CRR ard CSRarecal@laEd in eve.y deplh ofquestion.

We us€ an empirical equalion (Mayff, 2010) !o l,nd rlE unit trtieht of saturnlrd soil iom VS profije, whjch havegood fn with all lype ofsoil daobase. Thjs value is used as a pammeler 10 calculal€ the total o\€rburdn srress. For dry soil,especially fff dry soil hthe loP of *"ter levei, rE assme lhar its soil porGiiy is 0.2.

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Facbr oF saFe,(FD nЮ m the Occlrtn∝ ofl● ueFac10n is ca!α latd by FS― CRⅣCSR IfFS｀ L wiCh meansthatCRR lresも●nce Of sol● e o cyclic load■ lg)お lo、7t拉 通 い R(hd“ e Sltt StreS metO cycic mobi!,Ofan calthqtnkelThヽ Ineans that thcは yer in queゞ iOn is“ qucned Ot腱 ,wls,ifFS>1,it means ulatthe soil have suiciei Rsista℃ e to hoidthe cycuc sttar shaklng hm eahquJに We、Iiω ulis prOcedtres in exce:wllrkslχ d D鰻 o limhation of fqttfac10nposibユ iles“ dep● ,md cemenlalon to slp1l m崚 per dep●

"Ю‖Q"S,wc dcine工 e the anal´ is o」y¨m surfate down

09m● pth

, : | ' : , i: l凄丁常

Fig 8. Cordatis of Fs (saftiyl to lirhology b&

S Rcsu::and Ilscusion

,′ Cοre●′わ″ッ,´ 71ra′9ク 70g

=、m sevcral“ iblogy logs,we ch∞ ェ 1。● 、Ⅵth netts"llsltiOn to tt MASW pOints one Of ulew log example canい

wenin ng 8 ooim E24ヽ localed al PundOng Bmttu Th areaふ ∞veEd byth● soil(l meteo,fOlloved b.sJ●sand lp to8n de",t“Л wnd up lo 23m and followed by brecch UnForalnatety t睫 lhh010gy 10g was less in dttal Wttr ta01e wasmeasuEd at 3m“ pth By detting the FS‐ luR Ilquchclon migll1 0ccur atjlsl bdOw、 前er● bに o■)dOWn 0 15 moすThヽ pohi aso has a nquご∝」On report Thも mm th“ pЮ baЫ y ule lqじ faclon s“ ws in thb area wtt trtgα ed at em●pil■

0“

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Feua I Liqatrta Gu6c6 &pn b.rd on virDfik R.d.oler 6& io lqud, !d rnsFln E n ro Dt&E& f((.) i o-tm, {btal t-2 rr\(c) at 2.1-l 7n, (d).r 3 7-5 3r\ (.) ar 5 3-7d.d (f) !l 7-8 9tr

5-2 Ylb$ed on liquehctio dedh

TlE rS \alE of each MASW poid can be used 6 inditatioo offte liQefaciion occurftnces in adja.cd dephs. tUap ofYs{ased liqlEfadion occullEnce at ertrl de h car b€ ser io F ig.9. It can be sern thd tlEre :re rto liqEfaction occurred atdepth o-lm (seE fg 9.). The liqu€faclim rccoded s.cms.re ml o{cu fcrn very It.. surhce hyer It miShr be ElE becauseEually sedimerrs hnsportd by surhce *ater a.e coveed by silty or cla)€y sedimenls al tlEh surfaces. The wlbr levet tessthan lm deph atE exbl only on near Bantul bwl! €speci.Iy al lhe s(rlt}\ e!s! a.d lrEst parrs. But r]E lopmost Vs alt liundelativdy high in his allo. Hidr Vs, shows bp xil lras reds ro mo.e rigid lhan tle lo|l€r one Ir wijt have hisher stEarmodulus al the same denshy.

Al tlE lewl l-2.1m deplh tmm surface (Ii& %). ilE liquefac,tior occu6 ar trree poiDrs amund Baniuj ciry. Thh daiocoircide wih rtE recorded of liquefactior Gom pftviou! papers. The depth of l-2.3m lE relatiwty crnicat for t-2 srGey

i t ・

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E&b^yo Bnbpupno. Sindo, Wdrra / Ptucdb Eanhad Pt@brt 9Efte

bundhg,becaじ髯 ths depth lα el■℃κ used for ba,of Foundai。 ■ Ths wJl“ dangeЮ us r FotndatO● Te ldd ontistiqueFled Poし nial lり er

LiqueFactlon pdc“ ial at 2 3‐ 3 7m de● hievel cig 9t)StJl驚 en atthe Юum prtoFBattul tt Berbalsubdi壺 iO Atths

depth lじКl liqlleFattbns p● en181 re lkely siu in a cluscr moと ,wlleras Onけ man aFa are pЮ baЫ y lqttrcd when ule

ca・ulqlnke“ f∝k Atmo「 e“pthに vel“ m surFace,“Юm 37n dttn(S∝ Fig 9`o dm。●Ban“ 1眠a and vtinltv has a

potent● l to occur」 q鵬ねoion Le potent● l are spre“ at v“

"`Юuh,ma nOnh uptOt"Yo野よma cltン ThiS pOtatJ

are dangOOs duc"the increasitt oF moc thm 4“ orゥ bulding lespeCidly hotdsl dwe10p“ wa●"At BⅢ

d areら the

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qlle●

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lon posdun,are decreased at de"h mOE than 7m depul

Atthe aに a wih∞ nwdcanlc― c!国 ic sedhenls,es"cialy althe cst p“ oFthis sdimen、 健e Fig 4,ev‐ in arca llhaに

the Fauh is infertd.thce wじ re no JqueFadim occuttd Ths phenOmenOn is caused by the Fomation of lugttard lvli“ is

donlinated by massive“ meゞ one Math t腱 1■llied wnd covy“ at●にOpmOst xil ttЮ ,the mesured evidences iom se、 cHresearher due to e“ hquate hazT● ■℃focused at vdcanお ‐c astic震らwhere the hu"damtte cxists

Conc:sions

At Bantut『 0霧nり,there at lugh potnthl of“ quettt m due tothe Кry sMIlow、 otc tabに,ule cx、tencc of ytunied

sand and“ kdy lq∝″ iOn gaい ●7e pannl● er,and κar rehiК ly laEc ara shanOw e“ lquake By Onty 6 3Mw

earhq“ke,at wveral places● volcanic(lastlc ata are,pOrted occur"quciclo■ No“ queflable pOlenthl lound at deplh of

O‐ lm,and at Ba llul cly,and thぎ e are Found iqttnable pOtental at depth l‐23m■l Bantu city Duc lo existulg r,o● ed dぬ

and infomation of 19霊 Faclon depth,■ m18htゝ useilinfoma6on for any constr¨lon espeddly Nvhow Foundalons reach

thellucnable lγ es

Ackno喘 ledgements

we trank fOr vallabie dscusion toレ SubagyoPramumidJoyo and Drrei nat Wi"tSu。 面 o Alsll For“ udmts who

contbu● ng in data neasurements both、 ●c table ard MASW campatns Thankyou FOr asЫ ing the measuttme“

insu uments constrttlon(data loggeら CaЫ eも etc)O Sup“volo M Sc ttd Ytt Henda

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