HUNGARIAN POLIS STUDIES Nr. 22

FROM POLITES TO MAGOS

Studia György Németh sexagenario dedicata

BUDAPEST - DEBRECEN

2016HPS22

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HPS-22-fedel.indd 1HPS-22-fedel.indd 1 2016.06.20. 15:28:262016.06.20. 15:28:26

HUNGARIAN POLIS STUDIES (HPS)

University of Debrecen Dept. of Ancient History and Class. Phil.

H–4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1.

Nr. 22 ..........

...............

Editor Ádám Szabó

Managing Editor Edina Gradvohl

Contributors Dániel Bajnok, Péter Forisek, Péter Kató,

Ádám Lőrincz, Attila Marosi, Anna Mihalik, András Patay-Horváth

Supporters Hungarian Society for Antique Studies; Kódex Könyvgyártó Kft.;

Non Omnis Moriar Foundation; University of Debrecen

HU ISSN 1417-1708

2016

FROM POLITES TO MAGOS

Studia György Németh sexagenario dedicata

BUDAPEST – DEBRECEN

HPS 22 From Polites to Magos

Studia György Németh sexagenario dedicata

Redaction Ádám Szabó

© Authors © Editor of HPS

Cover photo: An image of the daimon Abraxas in bird-form inscribed on one of the six small lead containers found in the cistern of the Fountain of Anna Perenna, Rome in 1999-2000 (IV inscription on the body, ΙΧΝΟΦ/ΙΝΚΘ/ΘΘ has been resolved by Gy. Németh (2016) as a slightly inaccurate acronym for an invocation of Christ:

Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς Ναζωραῖος ὁ [π]αῖς Ἰησοῦς Ναζωραῖος καὶ Θεός. Θεὸς, Θεός.

The container is in the Museo Nazionale Romano delle Terme, Dipartimento Epigrafico, inv. no. SAR 475555. Drawing based on Blänsdorf 2012, 624 no. IX.49.6.

ISBN .978-963-284-796-2

Printed by KÓDEX KÖNYVGYÁRTÓ KFT.

Leader: Attila Marosi Budapest

Prof. György Németh (25. June 1956)

CONTENTS Ádám Lőrincz Ỏ Διδάσκαλος ἡµῶν …………………….

………………….…..…….

……. 11

Béla Adamik Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of the Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age: Search and Charting Modules ………….

………………….……..….

……. 13

Silvia Alfayé Mind the bath! Magic at the Roman Bath-houses ………………

………………….……..….

……. 28

Radu Ardevan Die Domitii in der römisch-dakischen Lokalaristokratie ......

………………….…..…….

……. 38

Dániel Bajnok “Sympathy with the Practitioners”: Interview with Christopher A. Faraone ...

…………………...……….

……. 51

Andrea Barta New Remarks on the Latin Curse Tablet from Savaria .............

………………….……..….

……. 63

Giulia Baratta Zwei interessante römische Bleispiegel ..

………………….………...

……. 70

László Borhy Amphitheatralia Pannonica II: Deux amphithéâtres ...? Gedanken zu einer Bauinschrift aus Brigetio ……..

………………….…..…….

……. 83

Angelos Chaniotis Habent sua fata inscriptiones. A mortar impression of an inscription from Aphrodisias ..................

………………….……..….

……. 95

Christopher A. Faraone Some Further Remarks on Greek Magical Gems ..........................

………………….………….

……. 105

Tamás Gesztelyi Eine cretula aus Pergamon: Löwe mit Tropaion ...................

………………….………….

……. 116

Richard Gordon An enigmatic magical disk: Revisiting IG XIV 2276 = DTAudollent 123 (Bordighera) …………

………………….…….…….

……. 123

Edina Gradvohl The Ancient Name for Cravings (kissa) ..

………………….………….

……. 139

Tibor Grüll The Enigma of the Dodecahedron ..........

………………….………….

……. 148

György W. Hegyi Augustus, Hercules and Horace ..............

………………….………….

……. 157

Péter Kovács Kaiser Julian in Pannonien, über Pannonien .....................

………………….………….

……. 169

Gyula Lindner ”Früher war alles besser” ‒ Religiöser Konservativismus bei Plutarch .

………………….……….….

……. 188

Marc Mayer i Olivé Notes on the Influence of Greek Formulae in Two Inscriptions from Tarraco CIL II2/14, 947 and 1108 …..…..

………………….………….

……. 199

Zsolt Mráv The statue base of Severus Alexander from Ulcisia (Szentendre, Pest county, Hungary) …….

………………….………….

……. 204

Levente Nagy Jenseitsvorstellungen und ihre Interpretationsprobleme im spätrömischen frühchristlichen Gräberfeld von Sopianae/Pécs .................

………………….………….

……. 210

Dóra Pataricza ”White blood” – An Evaluative Overview of Nursing Practices in Classical Antiquity …..

………………….………….

……. 230

András Patay-Horváth Lepreon during the 5th century BC ..........

………………….………….

……. 243

Ioan Piso Nochmals zur spätrömischen Inschrift von Gornea .......

………………….………….

……. 255

Zsigmond Ritoók Networks in Homer .................................

………………….………….

……. 263

Heikki Solin Briefe an die Unterwelt ...........................

………………….………….

……. 287

Tamás Szabadváry An ’old-new’ Late Roman mirror from the Collection of the Hungarian National Museum .............

………………….………….

……. 293

András Szabó Magic prism from the Roman Collection of the Hungarian National Museum ...................

………………….………….

……. 299

Ádám Szabó Aquilae et Genio legionis. Beschriftete Bronzeplatte aus Brigetio in der Römersammlung des Ungarischen Nationalmuseums .........

………………….………….

……. 309

Levente Takács The color of Roman slaves – a short note to Cicero’s In Pisonem ..........

………………….………….

……. 318

Zsuzsa Várhelyi Women, couples and sacrifice in the Roman Empire ................

………………….………….

……. 325

Javier Velaza Neither Christians nor Poets: a Note on AEp 1974, 503 ………..

………………….………….

……. 333

László Vilmos Who Pulled the Oars? Sailing the Seas in Early Archaic Greece ............

………………….………….

……. 338

Daniela Urbanová – Miroslav Frýdek Priscilla Caranti – Einige Bemerkungen zum Möglichen Entstehungsszenario des Fluchtäfelchens aus Gross-Gerau (Dfx. 5.1.3/1) ...........................................

………………….………….

……. 343

Authors of this volume ...........................

………………….…………. ……. 351

Hungarian Polis Studies (HPS) Recently published (1997-) ..............

……………….….………….

……. 354

293

Tamás Szabadváry

AN ’OLD-NEW’ LATE ROMAN MIRROR FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE HUNGARIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM

The Germanic-Sarmatian Collection of the Hungarian National Museum (= HNM) possesses a remarkable item purchased in 1879 from financial commissioner János Hamerer (with the mediation of János Schwerer). The Roman bronze mirror fragment (under the Inv. Nr. HNM 1879.92.5. = 1962.77.1.), according to the inventory book of the HNM, was found in the territory of the „Roman camp” near Titel (now: Tumeл, Авт. Пок. Войводина, SRB) that now could be identificated with the famous Bronze Age fortifications west from the modern town.1 Allegedly, the fragment was found together with 3 other mirror fragments, but their context seems rather questionable due to the significant chronological differences.2 Further problem is that the inventory book does not mention the interesting item precisely and also never been appeared in the literature. Fragment of a bronze mirror [Fig 1./ a-c.]. Originally round, cast, thin bronze plate; obverse is flat, on the reverse it has thickened rim (the rim is app. 28,5 % of the whole) its’ inner side is decorated with small punched row of dots. The field is decorated with two concentric circles, between the circles a footed cross („Greek cross”, L = 0,55 cm). Surface corroded. Dia-meterest. = 14,3 cm; L = 9,45 cm; W = 5,6 cm; T = 0,15 cm; Weight = 50,65 g. In the following, we want to point out an interesting connection arguing the mirrors provenience. In April 1903, the HNM purchased a small collection of Roman antiquities from auctioneer and antiquarian József Fejér, probably recovered during illegal excavations in Dunapentele-Öreghegy (Intercisa, 1 „Fragments of a Roman bronze mirror (a-d) in various size. / p. of f. Titel Roman castrum beside the 4 M. [?]” Nowadays, the site still under the name of „Feudvar” referring to Hungarian „Földvár” („Earth fort”). On the archaeological research of Titel: Kovács 2001. 148-149. 2 HNM 1879.92.2. – A small fragment of lead-alloy mirror with flat, undecorated surface. 2,84 x 2,51 cm; T = 0,27 cm; Weight = 12,40 g. HNM 1879.92.3.(a-b) – Two fragments of thin lead-alloy mirror with flat surface and incised line decoration. 2,78 x 1,5 cm; 22,5 x 1 cm; T = 0,12 cm; WeightΣ = 4,75 g. HNM 1879.92.4. – A small fragment of thin bronze mirror with flat, undecorated surface. 2 x 2,15 cm; T = 0,13 cm; Weight = 3,50 g. Long known that the wider territory of Pancsova (now: Панчево, Авт. Пок. Войводина, SRB) was a main route of treasure commerce from the Balkans in the XIXth and early XXth centuries. Finds from this site must be dealt with critics; J. Hamerers’ mediator, J. Schwerer (toll officer) was also a well-known trader and collector in the late XIXth century.

294

now: Dunaújváros, County Fejér, HUN).3 Among these items we found a bronze mirror fragment (HNM RR 1903.40.9.) decorated with a „cross”, that, according to the inventory book, said to be lost before the revision of 1958.4 E. Tóth had mentioned this fragment with the sketch of I. Paulovics [Fig . 1./ d]; the mirror of Titel and the drawing have striking similarities, furthermore the size of the two objects are very similar.5 Our hypothetical concept is that the ’Titel-fragment’ is identical with the long lost ’Duna-pentele-mirror’ and it had been incorrectly reinventorized after the World War II., separated it from its original context till nowadays. The mirrors closest parallel also found in Intercisa. In April 1906, the HNM purchased a „white –metal” (soldered bronze) entirely intact mirror fitted to bronze casket mounts. 6 Unfortunately, the mirror was (probably) lost under the World War II, but according to the remaining drawings, it was decorated with five, symmetric spotted crosses bounded by concentric circles (the fifth in the centre) [Fig. 1./ e-f]. Its Early Christian and ’pagan’ connections long discussed from L. Nagy to modern times. 7 In comparison, it seems plausible that the bronze mirror fragments also had similar decorating system originally. Another parallel is known from Mende-Bille-puszta (County Pest, HUN), two bronze mirror fragments were found in a Sarmatian grave, that also decorated with crosses.8

3 Presumably from the parcel of Mihály Nyuli [/Nyuly] (parcel nr. 2022. [?]) which was located in the south-western territory of the Öreghegy (Late Roman „South-Wetern Cemetry” [after the excavation of E. Mahler: Graveyard I.], late IIIrd – early Vth century) – Jelentés 1903. 30.; Vágó-Bóna 1976. 126-127. On the activity of J. Fejér, see: Teichner 2011. 38-49. 4Inventorized on 4 April 1903: „Fragment of Roman mirror, bronze, 9·5 cm long slice of the disk, with one polished side, with cambering cross on the reverse” The report on the accessions of the HNM mentions: Hampel 1903. 430.; Jelentés 1903. 30. 5 Tóth 1998-1999. 123., Cat. Nr. 2., Fig. 5. Bequest of I. Paulovics in the Central Database of the HNM. 6 The mirror (diameter also similar, 14 cm): HNM 1906.27.14. Bronze casket mounts and fittings: 1906.27.15. Bronze key of the casket: 1906.27.16. Bronze nails: 1906.27.17. Inventorized on 3 April 1906. Purchased from Dániel Rákics. Dunaújváros-Öreghegy, vine-land of D. Rákics (parcel nr. 2017/2018.; later Graveyard II and XII), app. 50 m W/NW from the parcel of M. Nyuli. The only remained depicition of the mirror is the sketch of the inventory book and the drawing of Ödön Passuth. – See: Jelentés 1906. Fig. 5. 7 Nagy 1930. 245., Fig. 156.; Nagy 1938. 59-60., Fig. 24.; Gáspár 1986.; Tóth 1998-1999. 121-122., Cat. Nr.1., Fig. 4.; Gáspár 2002. 40-41., Cat. 12.I.i., Fig. 85.; Gáspár 2008. 99-100., Cat. 12.I.i., Fig. 90. 8 HNM 1879.71. Donation of Kálmán Érdy in 1879. Inventorized on 18 Juny 1879. Only one fragment remained. See: TÓTH 1998-1999. 123-124., Cat. Nr. 4., Fig. 7.

295

In conclusion, the mirror fragment of Intercisa is a notable and rare speci-men of Late Roman material culture, its reidentification may provide further information about religion and sepulchral rites of IVth–Vth century Pannonia.

Fig. 1: a-b) Bronze mirror fragment of Dunaújváros / ’Titel’ (photo: T. Szabadváry).

296

Fig. 1: c) Bronze mirror fragment of Dunaújváros / ’Titel’ (drawing: T. Szabadváry). Fig. 1: d) The bronze mirror fragments sketch from the Paulovics-bequest

(after TÓTH 1998-1999).

297

Fig. 2: e) The „white-metal” mirrors (Dunaújváros – vineyard of D. Rákics)

sketch in the inventory book of the HNM (reproduction: T. Szabadváry).

Fig. 3: f) The „white-metal” mirrors (Dunaújváros – vineyard of D. Rákics)

drawing by Ö. Passuth (after JELENTÉS 1906).

298

Bibliography Gáspár 1986: Gáspár, D. ’Römische Kästchen aus Pannonien. I-II.’ Antaeus. Comm. ex Inst. Arch. Acad. Scient. Hung.15, Budapest 1986. Gáspár 2002: Gáspár, D. Christianity in Roman Pannonia. An evaulation of Early Christian finds and sites from Hungary. [In: BAR International Series 1010.] Oxford 2002. Gáspár 2008: Gáspár D. Pannonia kereszténysége a mai Magyarország területén. I. kötet. Budapest 2008. Kovács 2001: Kovács P. ’Adatok a tetrarchia-kori katonai építkezésekről Pannoniában’ Antik Tanulmányok 45./1-2. (2001) 141-168. Hampel 1903: Hampel J.’A M. N. Muzeumi régiségosztály gyarapodása az 1903-ik évben.’ Archaeologiai Értesítő 23./5. (1903) 425-447. Jelentés 1903: Jelentés a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum 1903. évi állapotáról. Szerk.: A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum igazgatósága. Budapest 1904. Jelentés 1906: Jelentés a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum 1906. évi állapotáról. Szerk.: A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum igazgatósága. Budapest 1907. Nagy 1930: Nagy L.’A tatai ókeresztény aranygyűrű’ Archaeologiai Értesítő 44. (1930) 243-246. Nagy La 1938: Nagy L. ’Pannonia sacra’ In: Emlékkönyv Szent István király halálának kilencszázadik évfordulóján. Szerk.: Serédi J. Budapest 1938. 29-148. Teichner 2011: Teichner, F. Die Gräberfelder von Intercisa II. Die Altfunde der Museum-sammlungen in Berlin, Mainz und Wien. [Bandskatalog. Band 11.] Berlin 2011. Tóth 1998-1999: Tóth, E. ’Heidnisch oder christlich?’ FolArch 47. (1998-1999) [1999] 117-130. Vágó – Bóna 1976: Vágó, E. – Bóna, I. Die Gräberfelder von Intercisa

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From Polites to Magos

AUTHORS OF THIS VOLUME Béla Adamik scientific advisor Lendület (‘Momentum’) Research Group for Computational Latin Dialectology Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1068 Budapest, Benczúr u. 33. adamik.bela@nytud.mta.hu Silvia Alfayé Profesor Contratado Doctor Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) alfaye@unizar.es Radu Ardevan “Babeş-Bolyai” Universität zu Klausenburg Str. Kogălniceanu nr.1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca rardevan@gmail.com Dániel Bajnok Eszterházy Károly College Department of Ancient and Medieval History H-3300 Eger, Eszterházy tér 1. bajnok.daniel@ektf.hu Andrea Barta research fellow Lendület (‘Momentum’) Research Group for Computational Latin Dialectology Research Institute for Linguistics, HAS 1068 Budapest, Benczúr u. 33. barta.andrea@nytud.mta.hu Giulia Baratta, Università di Macerata, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici. giulia.baratta@unimc.it

László Borhy Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Humanities Institute of Archaeological Sciences Department of Roman Provincial and Classical Archaeology H–1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 4B. lborhy@hotmail.com Angelos Chaniotis Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton achaniotis@ias.edu Christopher A. Faraone The University of Chichago Department of Classic 1115 E. 58th Street Chicago, IL 60637 cf12@midway.uchicago.edu Miroslav Frýdek Fachassistent Philosophische Fakultät der Masaryk-Universität A. Nováka 1, 602 00 Brno Tschechische Republik frydek@mail.muni.cz Tamás Gesztelyi University of Debrecen Department of Classical Philology and Ancient History H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1. gesztelyi.tamas@arts.unideb.hu Richard Gordon Max Weber Centre for Advanced Cultural and Social Research, University of Erfurt richard.gordon@uni-erfurt.de

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Edina Gradvohl Semmelweis University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Social Sciences H-1088 Budapest, Vas utca 17. soranosster@gmail.com Tibor Grüll University of Pécs, Department of Ancient History H-7624 Pécs, Rókus utca 2. grull.tibor@gmail.com György W. Hegyi Eötvös Lóránt University Faculty of Humanities Department of Ancient History H-1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 6–8. hegyiw@gmail.com Péter Kovács Pázmány Péter Catholic University H-2081 Piliscsaba, Egyetem utca 1. kovacs.peter@btk.ppke.hu Gyula Lindner Universität Pécs Philosophische Fakultät Institut für Geschichtswissenschaften Lehrstuhl für Alte Geschichte lindner.gyula@pte.hu Ádám Lőrincz King’s College, London loradam@gmail.com Marc Mayer i Olivé University of Barcelona Institut d’Estudis Catalans mayerolive@yahoo.es Zsolt Mráv Hungarian National Museum Archaeological Department H-1088 Bp. Múzeum krt. 14-16 zsolt.mrav@gmail.com mrav.zsolt@hnm.hu

Levente Nagy Universität Pécs Abteilung für Archäologie nagy.levente@pte.hu Dóra Pataricza dorapataricza@gmail.com András Patay-Horváth Eötvös Lóránt University Faculty of Humanities Department of Ancient History 1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 6-8. patay-horvath.andras@btk.elte.hu Ioan Piso Facultatea de istorie şi filosofie Departamentul de Istorie Antică şi Arheologie Str. Kogălniceanu nr.1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, România piso_ioan@yahoo.com Zsigmond Ritoók Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1051 Bp. Széchenyi István tér 9. Heikki Solin Institutum Classicum Universitatis Helsingiensis PO.BOX 24 00014 Helsingin yliopisto heikki.solin@helsinki.fi Tamás Szabadváry Institut of Archaeological Sciences Faculty of Humanities Eötvös Loránd University H-1088 Bp. Múzeum krt. 4/D. tamas.szabadvary@gmail.com András Szabó Hungarian National Museum Archaeological Department H-1088 Bp. Múzeum krt. 14-16. szabo.andras.022@gmail.com

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Ádám Szabó Archaeological Department Hungarian National Museum University of Pécs szabo.adam@hnm.hu szabo.adam@pte.hu Levente Takács University of Debrecen Department of Classical Philology and Ancient History H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1. takacs.levente@arts.unideb.hu Zsuzsa Várhelyi Associate Professor of Classical Studies Boston University 745 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 USA zsvarhelyi@gmail.com

Javier Velaza Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Filologia Llatina, velaza@ub.edu László Vilmos University of Pécs, Department of Ancient History, H-7624 Pécs, Rókus u. 2. vilmos.laszlo@pte.hu Daniela Urbanová Institut für Klassische Studien, Philosophische Fakultät der Masaryk-Universität A. Nováka 1, 602 00 Brno Tschechische Republik urbanova@phil.muni.cz