swami ramanand teerth marathwada university, nanded-431

SWAMI RAMANAND TEERTH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, NANDED-431 606

SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES

SYLLABUS

M. SC. INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER

IBT 101 ENGLISH I Credits 2

UNIT I

Definition of language, Characteristics of language, Language as a communication tool,

relationships among reading, writing, listening and speaking. Organization of English language:

Vocabulary, word formation, basic grammar, sentence structure, syntax, context, paragraphs,

paraphrase, précis. Spoken English: pronunciation, vowels, diphthong, consonants, accent,

intonation, clarity, speed, punctuation, simplicity.Common errors in written and spoken

presentation; tautology, double negatives and double positives, sequence, tenses, prepositions,

articles, tag questions etc.

UNIT II

OUTLINE OF SCIENTIFIC PAPER

Title, Introduction and Summary/AbstractMaterials and methods – importance of measurements,

reproducibility, statistics and confidence Results: Text, data presentation, methodology: tables,

graphs, histograms, photographic plates, legends.Discussion: Logical presentation and critical

analysis of ideas and data, conclusions, Citations: How to find references from journals, books

etc. Reading an English text: Recognize important facts, deciphering the pictorials.

REFERENCES:

1 Barrass,R.(1978): Scientists Must Write. Chapman and Hall. London.

2 Day, RA(1995) : How to Write and Publish aScientific Paper. Edn. 4. CambridgeUniversity

Press, Cambridge.

3 Farr,AD(1985): Sciences Writing for Beginners, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 4

4. Gibaldi, J and WS Achtert (1988): MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Edn.3.

Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi.

5 Goodman, NW and MB Edwards (1997) :Medical Writing: a Prescription for Clarity. Edn.2.

CambridgeUniversityPrees,Cambridge.

6 Hailman, JP and KB Strier (1997) :Planning, Proposing and Presenting Scienc Effectively.

CambridgeUniversityPrees, Cambridge.

7. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (1993): Uniform Requirements for

Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 269 : 2282-2286

8. McMillan, VE (1997) :Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences. Edn. 2 W.H. Freeman and

Co. New York

9. O’Connor, M and FP Woodford (1975) :Writing Scientific Papers in English. Associated

Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam.

10.Tufte, ER (1983) : The Visual Display of Quantitative Information.GraphicsPress,

Cheshire,CT.

11.University of Chicago Press (1993) : The Chicago Manual of Style. N. 14. Univ. of Chicago

Press,

IBT 102 INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS Credits 4

UNIT I

PROPERTIES OF FLUID: SURFACE TENSION & VISCOSITY

Surface Tension: Surface Tension, Surface Energy, Angle of Contact, Capillarity action,

Determination of Surface tension by capillary rise method, Jaeger’s method, Temperature

dependence of surface tension and its applications.Viscosity: Viscosity, Coefficient of viscosity,

streamline and turbulent flow, Reynold’s number, Stoke’s law, Terminal velocity, Determination

of viscosity‘η’ by falling sphere method.Elasticity: Stress and Strain, Hook’s law, Stress-strain

curve, Young’s modulus, Determination of Young’s modulus.

UNIT II

HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

Principles of Thermometry, Temperature and its measurements, Platinum resistance

Thermometer, Thermocouple and Thermistors, Modes of Heat Transfer.

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, First Law of Thermodynamics, Relation connecting P, V and T in

an Adiabatic Process, Second Law of Thermodynamics (Kelvin and Clausius statements), Carnot’s

cycle, Entropy, Entropy changes of a Closed System during an Irreversible Process, Third Law of

Thermodynamics. Maxwell’s Thermodynamical Relations, T- ds equations, Clausius-Clapeyron

latent heat equations, Internal energy, Helmholtz’ function, Enthalpy, Gibb’s function

UNIT III

OPTICS: INTERFERENCE DIFFRACTION &POLARIZATION

Introduction to optics, Principles of superposition, Constructive & destructive Interference,

Types of Interference, Newton’s rings. Diffraction- Types of diffraction, Diffraction grating,

Rayleigh’s criterion, resolving power of Microscope and Telescope. Polarization of light waves,

Polaroid, Optical activity.

UNIT IV

Sound waves: Types of sound waves (Longitudinal and Transverse), Audible, Ultrasonic and

Infrasonic waves, Beats, Doppler Effect, Applications of Ultrasonic waves.Electricity: Heating

effect of electric current, Joule’s law, Transformers, Types of Transformers.Modern Physics:

Crystallography, X-rays, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Introduction to X-Rays:

Introduction to crystal structure, Unit cell, seven crystal systems. Production of X-rays, X-Ray

diffraction and its Applications. Plank’s Quantum Theory, Properties of Photon,

Photoelectriceffect, wave particle duality of radiation, de Broglie’s hypothesis, Heisenberg’s

Uncertainty principle.

REFERENCES:

1. Perspectives of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser [McGraw Hill]

2. Fundamensls of optics-Jenkins [McGraw Hill]

3. Optics –AjoyGhatak [Tata McGraw Hill]

4. Heat and Thermodynamics – D.S.Mathur, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi

5. Heat and Thermodynamics – BrijLal, N.Subrahmanyam, Sultan Chand & Company Ltd.

6. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory, and Statistical Thermodynamics – Sears and Salinger,

Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi

7. Elements of Properties of Matter –D.S.Mathur, Shamlal Charitable trust, New Delhi.

8. General Properties of Matter – J.C.Upadhyaya, Ram Prasad & Sons, Agra.

9. Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics – S.L.Kakani

IBT 103 INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY I Credits 4

UNIT I

ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND PERIODIC PROPERTIES

A) Atomic Structure : Introduction, Quantum numbers [Principle quantum number(n),

Azimuthal quantum number(l), Magnetic quantum number(m), Spin quantum number(s)],

Concept of orbitals, Shapes of s, p, d orbitals,Electronicconfiguration of atoms, Aufbau

principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Pauli’s exclusion principle.

B) Periodic Table: Groups and periods, General characteristics of s and p and d block elements

with respect to Atomic and Ionic radii, Ionization energy, Electron affinity, Electronegativity,

Reactivity, Melting and Boiling point.

UNIT II

VALENCE BOND THEORY

A) Theory of Covalent bond, Lewis Theory, Heitler-London Theory, PE diagram for hydrogen

molecule, Valence Bond Theory(VBT), Formation of some simple diatomic molecules , Concept

and need of hybridization, Formation of molecules having sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2 hybridization.

B) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory: Introduction, Assumptions,

Geometries of NH3, H2O, ClF3 on the basis of VSEPR theory.

UNIT III

MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY

A) Atomic and Molecular orbitals, Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals(LCAO) Principle,

Bonding, Antibonding and Nonbonding Molecular orbitals, Conditions for successful overlap,

Different types of overlap such as s-s, s-px, px - px and py- py or pz- pz. Energy level sequence

of molecular orbitals for n = 1 and n = 2

B) Molecular Orbital Diagrams for –

i) Homonuclear diatomic molecule. H2, Li2, Be2, C2, N2 and O2,

ii) Heteronuclear diatomic molecules CO and NO with respect to. bond order stability and

magnetic properties.

UNIT IV

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY A)

Introduction: addition or molecular compound, double salt, coordination compound. Comparison

of double salt and coordination compound. Terminology: complex ion, central metal atom,

ligand, types of ligand, coordination number and coordination sphere.

B) Nomenclature: Rules of nomenclature of coordination compound, and its applications to

nomenclature of simple and bridging complex compounds. Werner’s theory of coordination

compound, postulates, applications with reference to CoCl3.6NH3, CoCl3.5NH3, CoCl3.4NH3,

CoCl3.3NH3.

REFERENCES

1. Puri, Sharma and Kaliya-Principles of Inorganic Chemistry.

2. Gurudeep Raj Chatwal-Inorganic Chemistry.

3. Satyaprakash, Tuli, Basu and Madan-Advanced inorganic chemistry vol. II

4. Huheey, Keiter and Keiter-Inorganic Chemistry

5. Lee J. D Concise-Inorganic Chemistry

6. SoniP. -Text book of Inorganic Chemistry

7. Manku G. S. Theoretical Principles of Inorganic Chemistry

IBT – 104 INTRODUCTORY MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS-I Credits 4

UNIT I

Symbolic logic: Definition of logic , scope of logic in various branches of knowledge ,

inductive, abductive, deductive forms of logic , symbolic logic in mathematics, prepositional and

predicate forms of symbolic logic. Statements, truth values , truth tables concerning connectives

not ,and , or , if…then , …if and only if…. , logical equivalence and implications ,Universal and

existential quantifiers.

Set Theory: Introduction to notion of sets , subsets , powers sets, Cartesian product, notations

set-builder form, rooster form , union- associative , commutative properties , intersection-

associative ,commutative properties, complements , difference of two sets , symmetric

differenced-Morgan laws , identities concerning union , intersection , difference.

UNIT II

THEORY OF MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

Determinants: Definition, addition multiplication with scalar.

Matrices: Definition, types – row , column , null , square , diagonal , identity , symmetric ,skew

symmetric , triangular , transpose , orthogonal .nilpotent , idempotent.

Matrixaddition,commutative, associative property, scalar multiplication. Matrixmultiplication,

associative property, in general non-commutative, distributive property with respect to addition.

transpose and matrix multiplication. Invertiblematrices, adjoint matrices, computing inverses,

normal form, rank of matrices, eigen values and eigen vectors.

UNIT III

RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS AND CALCULUS

Relations: Binary relation from one set to other, union and intersection, composition, inverse,

(αβ)-1 = β-1 α-1 i.e interaction of composition and inverses. Relations on same set. Identity,

reflexive, nonreflexive, irreflexive,symmetric,asymmetric, antisymmetric, transitive, atransitive

examples. Equivalencerelation, order relations.

Functions: Definition, domain, co-domain range, composition, injective (one one), surjective

(onto), inverse. Examples- linear, periodic, exponent.

Calculus: Elementary introduction of limits, continuity, derivative, integration and their

properties.Geometrical and physical significance.

UNIT IV

ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & PROBABILITY THEORY:

Ordinary differential equations: Order and degree , formation of differential equations,

solution to first order by variable separable , homogeneous , linear , exact, integrating factor

technique for first order linear equations.

Partial differential equations: Definition, formation of partial differential equations types

linear, nonlinear.

Probability theory:

Probability: Random experiment, out come, trial and event. Exhaustive events, favorable

events. Independent events, sample space, classical definition of probability. Empirical definition

of probability. Axiomatic approach to probability, addition theorem of probability, extension of

addition theorem of probability (up to3 events), conditional probability. Conditional probability

and independent events.

Random Variable (Univariate): Random Variable, Distribution function, Discrete random

variable.Probability mass function, Distribution functions of discrete random variable.

Continuous random variable, Probability density function. Distribution functions of continuous

random variable.

REFERENCES:

Mathematics:

1. Wallis, W.D. (2008) A beginner’s Guide to Discrete Mathematics, Birkhauser Publisher.

2. Dass, H.K. (2001) Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Sultan Chand &Sons.

3. Halmos, P.R (1974) Naïve Set Theory, Springer Publisher, New Delhi.

4. Tom M Apostol (2002) Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House.

Statistics:

5. Gupta, S.C. and V.K. Kapur (2012) Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,Sultan Chand

&Sons.

6. Miller and Freunds(1985) Probability and Statistics for engineers, Prentice Hall

7. Bhatt, B.R ,T. Shrivenkataramana, K.S and Madhav Rao (1996) Statistics - A Beginner’s

Text, Volume II, New Age International (p) Ltd

8. Wayne.W.Daniel (2010) Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences,

Wiley W.Daniel.

IBT 105 INTRODUCTION TO LIFE FORMS I Credits 4

UNIT I

Origin of life: Primordial soup, bioelements, biomolecules, importance of water.Cell as the Unit

of life, development of cell theory. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes; from single cell to multi-cellular

organism, Tissues: Plants: simple permanent tissues-Parenchyma, Collenchyma

andSclerenchyma, Complex permanent tissues-Xylem and Phloem. Animals: connective,

Muscle, Nervous, and Epithelial.

UNIT II

Cell and cell organelles, Organization of animal and plant cell. Structural comparison of

Microbial, Plant and Animal cells. Cell- cell interactions in plants and animals, Levels of

organization: Cells, tissues, organs, organization in plants and animals.

UNIT III

Microbial diversity- Bacteria: Morphology of Bacteria, Ultra structure of Bacteria, reproduction,

Archaeabacteria, Viruses: General structure and reproduction, Algae: General characters and

reproduction, Fungi: General characters and reproduction, classification with major groups.

UNIT IV

Useful and harmful activities of microbes: Viruses, bacteria, algae and fungi. Cultivation of

microbes (Media and techniques) Bacteria: Synthetic, Nonsynthetic- Natural, Selective,

Differential, Enrichment, Assay, Minimal, Maintenance and Transport medium. Pure culture

Techniques- Streak plate, Pore plate and Spread plate method, Single cell isolation.Fungi:

Isolation and culture media. Algae: Cultivation techniques. Viruses: Cultivation of animal viruses

(in living animals, Embryonated eggs and cell cultures) Cultivation of bacteriophage in laboratory

REFERENCES:

1. The world cell by Wayne M. Becker Author.

2. Molecular cell biology by Harvey Lodish Author

3. Human molecular genetics by Tom Strachan Author

4. Essential cell biology second edition by Bruce Alberts Author

5. Essential Developmental Biology Second Edition by J M W Slack

6. Black, J.G. (2005) Microbiology Principles and Explorations 6th edition John Wiley and

Sons Inc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collenchyma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerenchyma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connective_tissue

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tissue

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_tissue

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelium

7. Deacon, J. (2007) Fungal Biology. Blackwell Publishing.

8. Flint S.J., Racaniello,V.R., Enquist L.W., Skalka, A.M., Krug, R.M. (2000) Virology

Molecular

9. Biology, Pathogenesis and Control. ASM Press.

10. PelczarM.J.Jr. Chan E.C.S., Kreig (2006) Microbiology 5 th edition Tata McGraw Hill.

11. Perry, J.J., Staley, J.T., Lory, S., (2002) Microbial life Sinauer Associates Publishers.

12. Schaechter, M., Ingraham J.L., Neidhardt, F. (2006) Microbe ASM press

13. Madigan, M.T., Martinc J.M., Parker, J.Brock Biology of Microorganisms

IBP 102 LABORATORY COURSE IN PHYSICS I Credits 2

1. Diffraction Grating: Use of diffraction grafting for determination of wavelength of

spectral lining.

2. Resolving Power: To determine the resolving power of Microscope or telescope.

3. Ultrasonic Interferometer: Determination of velocity of ultrasonic waves by ultrasonic.

4. Thermocouple: Study of variation of thermo emf (electromotive force) with temperature.

5. Viscosity: Determination the coefficient of viscosity by Stoke’s method and its practical

application.

6. Joule’s Law: Determine of Joule’s constant.

7. Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light by Newton’s rings experiments.

8. Thermal Conductivity: Determination of coefficient of thermal conductivity of given

specimen.

9. Viscosity of liquid by continuous flow.

10. Velocity of sound by resonance tube.

11. Thermal conductivity – Lee’s method, Surface tension – Jaeger’s method (temperature

variation)

12. Surface tension – Capillary rise method (concentration variation).

13. Temperature coefficient of resistance

14. Study of multimeter

IBP 103 LABORATORY COURSE IN CHEMISTRY I Credits 2

INSTRUMENTAL EXPERIMENTS:

A) Conductometric Titrations:

1. Investigate the conductometric titration of Oxalic acid with standard NaOH solution.

2. Determine the mixture composition of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid by

conductometric titration.

3. Determination of cell constant of a conductivity cell.

4. Verification of Ostwald’s dilution law.

B) Potentiometric Titrations:

1. Determine redox potential of Fe2+/Fe3+ system by titrating it with K2Cr2O7.

2. To determine basicity and pKa value of organic acid by potentiometric measurements.

3. Determine the acidic and basic dissociation constants of an amino acid and hence the

isoelectric point of the acid.

4. Determine pH values of various mixtures of sodium acetates and acetic acid in aqueous

solutions and hence find out the dissociation constant of the acid.

C) Colorimetric Titrations:

1. Determine of λmax for KmnO4 by colorimetric measurements.

2. Verify Beer’s law by colorimetric measurements.

3. Determine indicator constant of a given indicator by colorimetric measurements.

4. Determine the concentration of Cu2+ ions in given solution titrating with EDTA solution

by colorimetric measurements.

NON-INSTRUMENTAL:

A) Surface Tension:

1. Determine the surface tension of a liquid by Stalagnometer method.

2. To study the effect of surfactants on surface tension of water by using Stalagnometer.

B) Viscometer:

1. Determine the viscosity of a given liquid by Ostwald’s viscometer.

2. Determine the molecular weight of a high polymer by viscometer measurements.

IBP 105 LABORATORY COURSE IN BIOLOGY Credits 2

1. Introduction to microscopy and stains.

2. Use of heamocytometer and cell count.

3. Plant cell types.

4. Plant cell organelleles.

5. Membrane permeability.

6. Osmosis.

7. Pinoocytosis.

8. Concept of sterility.

9. Preparation of media e.g. Nutrient Agar/ Nutrient Broth/ PDA

10. Gram staining and morphology of bacteria.

11. Staining techniques in bacteria.

12. Study of Algae e. g. Nostoc/Chlorella/Spirulina

13. Study of moulds.



SYLLABUS

M. SC. INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGY II SEMESTER

IBT 201 APPLIED PHYSICS Credits 4

UNIT I

ELECTROMAGNETISM AND MICROWAVES

Electromagnetism: Divergence, curl and gradient – Maxwell’s equations – Wave equation for

electromagnetic waves – Propagation in free space – Pointing vector – Rectangular and circular

wave guides.Microwaves: Properties and applications – Generation by magnetron and reflex

klystron oscillator – Travelling wave tube –Biological effects.

UNIT II

PHOTOMETR, LASERS AND OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION

Photometry: Principles and Lummer-Brodhun photometer. Lasers: Principles and

characteristics – Types of lasers (CO2, excimer, NdYAG, GaAs, free electron) – Holographic

mass storage. Optical Fiber: Principles –Physical structure and types – Optical fiber

communication.

PHYSICS OF CRYOGENICS

Cryogenics: Methods of liquefaction of gases (cascade process, Linde’s process, and adiabatic

demagnetization process) – Measurement of cryogenic temperatures.

UNIT III

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Nature and types of radiations, preparation of labeled biological samples. Detection and

measurement of radioactivity, GM counter, Scintillation counter, Autoradiography, Flow

cytometry. Safety measures in handling radioisotopes. RIA, non radiolabelling

UNIT IV

ENERGY PHYSICS

Introduction to non-conventional energy sources – Solar cells – Thermoelectric power generators

– Thermionic power generator – Magneto hydrodynamic power generator – Fuel cells (H2O2) –

Solid state batteries (Lithium) – Low voltage and high voltage nuclear cells – Thermocouple

based nuclear cell – Ultra capacitors.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Arumugam, M., Engineering Physics, 2nd edition, Anuradha Publishers, Kumbakonam, 2003.

2. Gaur and Gupta, Engineering Physics, 7th edition, Dhandapani and Sons, New Delhi, 1997.

3. Thiruvadigal, J. D., Ponnusamy, S., Vasuhi, P. S. and Kumar, C., Physics for Technologists,

5th edition, Vibrant Publication, Chennai, 2007.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Vasudeva, A. S., Modern Engineering Physics, Revised edition, S. Chand and Company Ltd.,

New Delhi, 2004.

2. Vasudevan, D. N., Fundamentals of Magnetism and Electricity, 11th edition, S. Chand and

Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1983.

3. Nair, K. P. R., Atoms, Molecules and Lasers, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2006.

4. Pillai, S. O., Solid State Physics,5th edition, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.

5. Khan, B. H., Non-Conventional Energy Resources, Mechanical Engineering Series, Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.

6. Biochemical Techniques theory and practice: White R

7. A Biologist Guide to Principle and Techniques: Willson K. And Gounding K.H.

IBT 202 INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY II Credits 4

UNIT I

The rate law of reaction, order and molecularity of reaction, differential and integrated rate

equations.Rate equations for reversible, parallel and consecutive reaction, steady state

approximation, temperature dependence of reaction rates. Collision theory basics of absolute

reaction rate theory, Lindeman theory of unimolecular gaseous reaction, reaction thermodynamic

aspects, and reactions in solution, enzyme catalysis, and autocatalysis.

UNIT II

Statements of second law of thermodynamics, Entropy, spontaneous processes, free energy,

enthalpy. Adsorption, chemisorptions, adsorption isotherms. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism,

ferromagnetism, reactions at equilibrium, interpretation of equilibrium constants, acid and bases,

solubility equilibria, biological activity, thermodynamics of ATP.

UNIT III

Electrochemical cells, half cell reactions, reduction potentials, electrochemical series,

thermodynamic function from cell potential measurements.Liquid junction potentials, Debye

Huckel Theory, over voltage.

UNIT IV

Nomenclature of compounds: Common and IUPAC Names of Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones,

esters, amines, amides etc.Isomerism: Structural isomers and its classification, stereoisomers and

its classification.

REFERENCES:

1. Physical Chemcistry by P W Atkins

2. Physical chemistry by Venullapalli

3. Physical chemistry for life sciences and biosciences by R Chang

4. Principles of Physical chemistry by Puri, Sharma, Pathania.

5. Organic chemistry by R T Morrison and R N Boyd (2006)

6. Organic chemistry by P Y Bruice (2006)

IBT 203 INTRODUCTION TO LIFE FORMS II: ANIMAL BIOLOGY Credits 4

UNIT I

1. Why to study the animal Biology.

2. Different theories of origin of life.

3. Concept of species and speciation.

4. Different branches of animal biology (introduction)

1) Taxonomy .2) physiology 3) behavior 4) ecology and environmental biology 5)

genetics 6) cell & molecular biology 7) developmental biology & embryology

5. What are biomolecules, structure of biomolecules.

UNIT II

1. Body symmetry in animals from protozoa to mammalia.

2. Classification of animal kingdom (scheme) to class level/order level.

3. General characters and classification of phylum protozoa.

4. General characters and classification of phylum- Helminthes (platyhelminthes &

Nematehelminthes).

5. General characters and classification of phylum Arthropoda.

6. General charactersand classification of Pisces (superclass- Pisces)

7. General characters and classification of mammals.(class- mammalia)

UNIT III

1. Structure of mammalian digestive system.

2. Structure of heart and blood vessels in mammals.

3. Composition & function of blood.

4. Structure of lymphatic system in rat & its function.

5. Structure & types of muscles, structure of bone.

6. Structure & function of – contractile vacuole, flame cell, kidney (mammal).types of

excretory wastes in vertebrates.

UNIT IV

1. Structure & function of different parts of brain in Rat.

2. Structure of compound eye in Arthropoda& simple eye in Mammal (Human/ Rat)

3. Structure and functions of membranous labyrinth in a mammal.

4. Asexual reproduction – Protozoa

5. Spermatogenesis & structure of sperm in mammals.

6. Oogenesis & structure of ovum in mammals.

7. Process of fertilization in a mammal.

REFERENCES:

1. Biology by Michael Robert, Thomas Nelson and sons Ltd.

2. Discover Biology: Cain, Damman, Lue and Yoon, Sinauer Associates Inc.

3. Biology by peter H Raven and George & Johnson WCB McGraw Hills

4. Vertebrate Zoology – Katpal and kshetrapal, astogi Publication.

5. Invertebrate Zoology – Jordan and Varma

6. Text book of animal physiology – Nagbhushan, Kodarkar, Sarojini

IBT 204 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIODIVERSITY Credits 4

UNIT-I

Criteria for classification of taxonomy: Kingdoms(five kingdoms- monera, protsta, fungi, plants

and animals) Binomial, taxonomical Hierarchies, Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular

Criteria.

UNIT-II

Microbial ecosystems and effect of environmental factors.Microbiology of specific

environments. Plant microbe interactions. Animal microbe interactions. Specialized groups of

microbes.

UNIT-III

Plant kingdom: Major groups, Ecosystems &ecological niche, Environmental pressures,

adaptation and association.Evolutionary trends and global distribution Anthropological, and

natural impact.

UNIT-IV

Animal kingdom: Major groups, Zoogeographical distribution and environmental adaptation,

Manmadeand natural factors; Inter and Intra – specific relationships, inter relationships between

Microbes, Plants and Animals. Concept of conservation.

REFERENCES:

1. Madigan, M.T., Martinc J.M., Parker, J.Brock Biology of Microorganisms

2. A textbook of Algae by Sambamurth

3. A textbook of Bryophytes,Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Paelobotany by Sambamurth

IBT 205 FOREIGN LANGUAGES: SPANISH Credits 2

UNIT I:

COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS AND CONTEXT VOCABULARY

Formal and informal greetings - To introduce oneself and to introduce others. - Ask and give

details of personal information: age, profession, nationality, address, e-mail etc. - To give and

ask for time and date. - To describe every day activities, habits with frequency.Vocabulary

regarding.Basic questions to survive in the classroom. - Parts of the day, days of the week and

months. Numbers. - Professions. - Seasons. - Family. - Colors. - Food.

UNIT II

CONTENTS OF GRAMMAR

Alphabet and pronunciation. - Subject personal pronouns.

Indicative Simple Present: Conjugation of -ar, - er, -ir ending verbs (Regular verbs, selected

irregular verbs and reflexive verbs). -Negative and interrogative constructions. - Gender and

number. - Articles and contractions. -Interrogative pronouns: qué, quién, cómo, dónde, cuándo,

cuánto, etc.

REFERENCES:

Español sin fronteras, 1, Sánchez Lobato, J.et. al. SGEL, Madrid, 1998.

IBT 205 FOREIGN LANGUAGE: FRENCH Credits 2

UNIT I

COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS AND CONTEXT- VOCABULARY

Formal and informal greetings- To introduce oneself and to introduce others- Ask and give

details of personal information: age, profession, nationality, address, e-mail etc. - To give and

ask for time and date- To describe every day activities.

Basic questions to survive in the classroom- Certain nationalities, countries and languages- Parts

of the day, days of the week and months- Numbers- Professions- Colors- Family- Parts of the

body.

UNIT II

Contents of Grammar

Alphabet and pronunciation- Subject personal pronouns- Indicative Simple Present: Conjugation

of -er, -ir, -re ending verbs (Regular verbs, selected irregular verbs and reflexive verbs)- Basic

negative and interrogative constructions- Gender and number- Articles and contractions-

Interrogative pronouns: qui, que, où, quand, comment, etc.- Expressions likealler+inf.,

aimer+inf., Qu’est-ce que c’est?, C’est/ce sont.

REFERENCES:

Connexions Niveau 1, by Régine Mérieux and Yves Loiseau, Didier, Paris, 2004.

IBP 201 LABORATORY COURSE IN PHYSICS II Credits 2

1. To determine the operating voltage of GM tube

2. Determine the efficiency of given solid state solar cell

3. Evaluation of Seeback effect

4. Particle radiation detection using Scintillation counter

5. To find the thermister coefficient

6. Particle detection using GM counter

7. To find decay time of the given radiation source

8. To study the fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a circular aperture and to measure its

diameter using He-Ne LASER

9. To determine the slit width from the study of fraunhofer diffraction pattern

10. To study diffraction pattern using groove

IBP 202 LABORATORY COURSE IN CHEMISTRY II Credits 2

1. Chromatography

a. Preparation of thin layer chromatography

b. Preparation of paper chromatography

c. Preparation of column chromatography

2. Organic synthesis

a. Preparation of acetophenoneoxime from acetophenone.

b. Preparation of para-nitro acetanilide from acetanilide

c. Preparation of benzyl alcohol from Benzaldehyde.

d. Preparation of quinine from hydroquinone.

e. Preparation of acetyl salicylic acid from salicylic acid.

3. Determination of hardness of water.

4. Determine the density of water ethanol system.

5. Determine the density of benzene water system.

6. Determine the density of three component (acetone: chloroform: benzene) system.

IBP-203 LABORATORY COURSE IN ANIMAL BIOLOGY Credits 2

1. Museum study: Identify, classify and describe invertebrates and vertebrates. (02

specimen/ photo/ model from each phylum/class).

2. Study of parameters micro preparations (slides) – Identification and description –

a) Unicellular algae – 02

b) Colonial algae - 02

c) Filamentous algae – 02

d) Ciliated protozoan – 01

e) Flagellated protozoan – 01

f) Sporozoa – 01

Histological slides of vertebrates –Epithelial cells; Chick embryo – developmental stages

(in different hours of development

3. Study of various organs from vertebrates/ Invertebrates by microtomy and staining process.

a) T.S. of Intestine

b) T.S. of testis and ovary.

c) T.S. of stomach

d) T.S. of spinal cord

e) T.S. of kidney

f) T.S. of liver

g) Pancreas

h) Skin

4. Demonstration of organ / systems from models/ photo/ chart and dissected animal by

teacher (not for students)

Demonstration / Dissection of teleost Elasmobranchs to study the heart, ventral aorta

and its branches, dorsal aorta and efferent bronchial arteries.Demonstration / Dissection

of fish (Teleost) to study the airbladder, brain, cranial nerves, reproductive

system.Demonstration / dissection of black rat to study the brain, endocrine glands.

5. Counting of blood cells in vertebrates – Rat / fish.

6. Estimation of human Hb from human / vertebrate (fish /Rat) blood.

7. Determination of oxygen consumption by aquatic animal (Crab/Snail /Fish).

8. Study of mitotic and meiotic cell division in animals.

9. Study of sense organs in fish, Insects and reptiles :- (Introduction & Demonstration

labeling to specimen)

a) Membranous labyrinth in fish

b) Antennae and antennules in insects

c) Tongue in snakes

d) Lateral line sensory system in fishes

10. Submission of permanent slides (microtomy).Submission of excursion report of short

tour to fish market/zoo/sanctuary/

IBP 204 LABORATORY COURSE IN BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Credits 2

1. Techniques in Biodiversity assessment.

2. Isolation and characterization of photosynthetic microbes

3. Isolation of microbes from aquatic and terrestrial environments

4. Isolation of marine microbes

5. Biochemical characterization

6. Isolation of Bacterial, animal, plant and plasmid DNA

7. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA

8. Study of plants of different ecological conditions-Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and

Halophytes.

9. Study of algal biodiversity of fresh water

10. Study of plank tonic biodiversity

11. Local biodiversity of local plants.



SYLLABUS

M. SC. INTEGRATED BIOTECHNOLOGYVII SEMESTER

IBT -301 ENGLISH II 4 Credit

1) What is communication ? Definition of communication, communication cycle, elements of

communication, Barriers to communication- semantic barriers, organizational barriers-

psychological barriers, overcoming barriers.

2) Types of communication- According to expression (verbal-non verbal ), according to

organizational structure or personal relationship ( formal-informal), according to direction (

downward – upward –horizontal-vertical –diagonal –grapevine).

3) written skills- objectives of writing , characteristics of writing skills, advantages and

limitations of writing skill.

4) Forms of written skills- job application with resume, CV writing, paraphrase, paragraph,

précis, letter writing, report writing, Note taking- Note making.

5) Form and meaning.

6) Ambiguity.

IBT-302 FUNDAMENTAL AND ADVANCES OF PLANT SCIENCES

4 credits

UNIT 1

PLANT SYSTEMATIC

Taxonomy and its importance, Herbarium techniques. Concept of a taxon – Genus and Species.

Citation of authors, nomenclature, Introduction to Plant classification – Bentham and Hooker

system of classification.

UNIT 2

PLANT MORPHOLOGY

Morphology- Root system – Types and Modifications. Shoot system – branching, Modifications

– Aerial, sub – aerial and underground. Leaf types – simple and compound, venation, Phyllotaxy,

Modifications – Phyllode, pitcher, tendrils, stipules. Parts of flowers, Inflorescences – Definition

and types – Recemose, its types, Cymose, its types, Mixed and special types. Types of fruits and

seeds.

UNIT 3

PLANT ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY

Tissues – Definition, Types – Simple type, Permanent type, Parenchyma, Collenchyma,

Sclerenchyma. Fibres and Sclereids – Structure and functions; Complex permanent tissues –

Xylem and Phloem, development, arrangement. Meristems- Classifications. Vegitative shoot

apex – Theories of shoot apex organization, Root apex – Theories of Structural development and

differentiation. Fertilization- Gametic fusion. Triple fusion. Endoderm – Definition, different

types – free nuclear, cellular, helobial, endosperm haustoria. Apomixis – Difination and types.

Parthenogenesis – induction and Parthenocarpy

UNIT 4

CRYPTOGAMS AND PHENEROGAMS

Study of Cryptogams:- General characters and Economic importance of algae (Nostoc and

Spirogyra), Fungi (Mucor), Lichens, Types and economic importance, Bryophytes (Riccia and

Marchantia) and Pteridophytes(Nephrolepis) Gymnosperm – General characters and Life cycle

(general), morphology and reproduction in Cycas.

A detailed study of the range of characteristics and economic importance of the following

families. Malvaceae, Apocyanaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Rubiaceae.

REFERENCES:

1. An Introduction to Botanical Nomenclature by Naqshi

2. Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice by Gurucharan Singh

3. Plant Taxonomy by N. Subramanyam

4. Taxonomy of Angiosperms by B. P. Pandey

IBT - 303 MICROBIAL WORLD 4 credit

UNIT I

a. Discovery of microbial world

1.The controversy over spontaneous generation, 2. Experiment of Pasteur

2.The experiments of Tyndall

b. Scope of Microbiology

c. Evolution of Microbiology

UNIT II

a.Methods of Microbiology

1. Isolation of Pure Culture, 2. Theory and practice of sterilization

b. Principles of Microbial nutrition

1. Requirement for C,N,S, and growth factors 2. Nutritional categories among

microorganisms

UNIT III

a. Microscopic observation of microorganisms

1. Light microscopy 2. Phase contrast microscopy 3. Electron Microscopy

b. Characteristics of Bacteria

1. The morphology and fine structure of bacteria 2. Reproduction and growth 3. Bacterial

metabolism

UNIT IV

a. Microbial Genetics

1. The Bacterial Genome, 2. Mutation

b. Control of Microorganisms

1. By Physical agents 2. By Chemical agents 3. Antibiotic and other chemotherapeutic agents

REFERENCE :

1. Microbiology by Michael J. Pelzar, Roger D. Reid, E.C.S. Chan Fourth edition. Tata

McGrawHill publishing Company Ltd.

2. General Microbiology by Stainer, Ingraham, Wheelis Painter.

3. Brock Biology of Microorganisms by Michael T. Madigan, Jhon M. Martinko, Jac Parker. Prentice

Hall International, Inc.

IBT 304 APPLIED CHEMISTRY

4 credit

Unit I.

STEROCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUND

i. Isomerism,Constitutional,Conformational and Stereoisomerism.

ii. Chirality and optical activity

iii. Enantiomers and diastereomers, threo and erythro.

iv. Absoloute configuration- R & S, D & L, E & Z configuration.

Unit II.

REACTION MECHANISM

i. Types of reaction.

ii. Reactive intermediate- Carbocation, Carbanion, Free radical, Carbene, Nitrene.

iii. SN1 and SN2 reaction with energy profile diagram, SNi mechanism.

iv. E1, E2 and E1CB mechanism.

Unit III.

SPECTROSCOPY OF BIO-ORGANIC COMPOUND

i. Ultra-violet spectroscopy- principle, fundamental terms, electronic transitions, auxochrome,

chromophore, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift, hypochromic shift, hyperchromic shift,

woodword rule with example.

ii. Infrared spectroscopy- Basic principles, basic terms, types of vibration, IR spectrum, fingerprint

region, functional group region, IR frequencies of different functional groups with example.

Unit IV.

SPECTROSCOPY OF BIO-ORGANIC COMPOUND

i. H1NMR Spectrum - principle, instrumentation, chemical shift, coupling constant, shielding and

deshielding value, determination of equivalent proton of some simple aliphatic and aromatic

compounds.

ii. Mass spectrum - principle, fragmentation pattern, isotopes in mass spectroscopy, calculations

of mass spectrum of some important organic compounds.

REFERENCES:

1. Stereochemistry of organic compound by E.L. Eliel and S.H.Wilen (2005).

2. Organic chemistry by R.T.Morrisson and R.N. Boyd (2006).

3. Introduction to spectroscopy of organic compounds by silverstein.

4. Organic chemistry by Solomon.

5. Introduction to spectroscopy by Pavia and Lampman.

6. Organic spectroscopy by Y.R.Sharma.

7. Reaction mechanism by P.S.Kalsi.

8. Organic spectroscopy by P.S.Kalsi.

IBT-305 INTRODUCTORY MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS-II 4 credits

Unit I

Sequence, Series, Power series, Fourier series it’s transform and applications, Laplace transform

its method and applications, Complex numbers and it’s analysis.

Unit II

Ordinary differential equation, Solution of homogenous and non-homogenous equation oprator

method ,product method, Exactness and integrating factor, method of undetermined coefficients

and variation of parameters,eigen vector system of linear differential equations.

Line integrals-evaluations, double integrals, surface integrals, triple integrals,Stoles theorem.

Unit III

Statistics, Data, method of allocation ,Random number, without random number, Measure of

central tendencies, Disperssion, Frequency distributions and associated statistical measures,

Variance , covariance.

Unit IV

Correlation, Regression, Simple and Multiple linear regressions,Univariate analysis

,multivariate analysis , Principle component analysis, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, Nearest

neighbour search using stem numbers and text signatures.

Unit V

Testing of Hypothesis, Design of experiments, basic Principles, Analysis of variance co-

variance and its applications , volunteered bias , cross over designs.

References :

1) Biostatistics : A foundation for analysis in health Science: 7th edition Wayne Daniel

2) Statistical methods in Biology by Norman Bailey

3) Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics: 11th Edition by S.C. Gupta & V.K. Kapoor, Sultan chand

& Sons.

4) Mathematical models in biology by Allama

5) Introduction to Mathematics for Life scientists by Edward Batschalet, Springer

6) Mathematics for the Biological Sciences by J. C. Acharaya & R. Lardner, Prentice Hall

LABORATORY COURSE IN (IBP-302) FUNDAMENTAL AND ADVANCESOF PLANT

SCIENCES 2 credit

1. Plant Anatomy

1. Study of internal structure of monocot and dicot stems.

2. T.S. of dicot and monocot leaves

3. Stomatal types [ Anisocytic, Animocytic, Paracytic, Diacytic and Grammineae]

2. Study of Angiosperm families with respect to floral diagram, floral formula, general and

diagnostic characters according to Bentham and Hooker System

1. Malvaceae – Hibiscus rosasinensis

2. Apocyanaceae – Vincarosea, Thevetiaor Neriumindicum

3. Solanaceae – Datura metal or Solanumxanthocarpum

4. Rutaceae – Cirrus medica

5. Rubiaceae – Ixora,Haematia

3. Study of Cryptogams – Dissection (where necessary), mounting, description, drawing and

identification of Algae Nostoc, Spirogyra, Fungi – Mucor, Bryophytes: Dissection, mounting, description,

drawing, labeling and identification of Riccia and Marchantia, Pteridophytes- T.S. of Nephrolepis leaflet

passing through sori.

4. Study of Permanent Slides:

1. Axile placentation

2. Prietal placentation

3. Marginal plcentation

4. Basal placentation

5. T.S. of parenchyma tissue

6. T.S. of Arenchymatissu

7. T.S. of Collenchyma tissue

8. T.S. of Sclerenchyma tissue

9. T.S. of Chlorenchyma tissue

10. C.S. of anther

11. L.S. of carpel

12. Double fertilization of angiosperms

LABORATORY COURSE IN IBT - 303 MICROBIAL WORLD

IBP 304 LAB COURSE IN CHEMISTRY

2 Credit

1] To determine transfer number of H+ ions in HCl by moving boundary method.

2] To determine the mean activity co-effiecient of HCl in aqueous solution of different

concentration.

3] To study the phase diagram of two component system.

4] To verify Debye-Huckel and Onsagar limiting law.

5] Interpretation of the PMR/CMR spectrum: structure elucidation.

6] Assigning different vibration in the infrared spectrum of given molecule.

7] Determine the relative strength of chloroacetic acid and acetic acid by conductivity

measurement.

8] Photometric titration of copper (II) and EDTA.

9] To study the adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal.

10] To determine the pH (in the range of 4.5 to 5.9) of given solution by spectrophotometry.

REFERENCES:

1. Systematic experimental of physical chemistry by S.W.Rajbhoj and T.K. Chodhekar.



SYLLABUS


IBT -401 BIOINSTRUMENTATION

4 credit

Unit I

Basic Laboratory Instruments

Principle and working of pH meter, Laminar air flow. Centrifugation: Types of centrifuge

machines, preparative and analytical centrifuges, differential centrifugation, sedimentation

velocity,

sedimentation equilibrium, density gradient methods and their applications

Unit II

Chromatographic Techniques

Theory, principles and applications of paper, thin layer, gel filtration, ion- exchange, affinity,

hydrophobic, gas liquid, high pressure / performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Unit III

Electrophoretic Techniques

Basic principles of electrophoresis, theory and applications of paper, starch

gel, agarose

Native and denaturing PAGE, isoelectric focusing

Unit IV

Spectroscopy and Radioisotopic Techniques

Spectroscopic techniques, theory and applications of Uv, visible, IR, NMR, Fluorescence,

Atomic Absorption, CD, ORD, Mass, Raman spectroscopy.

Use of radioisotopes in life sciences, radioactive labeling, principle and application of tracer

techniques, detection and measurement of radioactivity using ionization chamber

Geiger- Muller and Scintillation counters, autoradiography and its application, Dosimetry.

References:

1. Instrumental methods of Analysis 6th edition - H. H. Willard, L. L. Merrit Jr. and others

,1986 CBS Publishers and Distributor

2. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis. 1989- Chatwal G. and Anand, S., Himalaya

Publishing House, Mumbai.

3. A Biologist’s Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. 1975 –Williams

B, L Wilson, K.

4. Spectroscopy Volume I – B. B. Straughan and Walker, Chapman and Hall Ltd.

5. Gcl Electrophoresis of Proteins- A Practical Approach – Hanes

6. Chromatography: Concepts and Contrasts, 1988- Jaines Miller, John Wiley and Sons Inc

New York.

7. Analytical Biochemistry – Holme

8. Introduction to High Performance Liquid Chromatography – R. J. Hamilton and p. A. Sewall.

9. Spectroscopy- B. P. Straughan and S. Walker

10. Practical Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry 1984 - Gordon

M. Message, John, Wiley and Sons New York.

11. Gel Chromatography – Tibor Kremmery, wiley Publication

12. Isotopes and Radiations in Biology – C. C. Thornburn. Butterworth and Co. Ltd. London

13. The Use of Radioactive isotopes in the Life Sciences – J. M. Chapman and Ayrey. George

Allen and Unwin Ltd. London.



SYLLABUS


IBT-402 GENETICS. Credit 4

Unit I :

Introduction and scope of Genetics. DNA as genetic material, Basic structure of DNA and RNA. DNA

replication: Messelson and Stahl Experiment, Carins Experiment, Okazaki Experiment, Basic mechanism

of DNA replication. Cell division and Cell cycle: Mitosis, Meiosis, Chromosomal basis of inheritance.

Unit II :

Basic Principles of Mendelian Inheritance: Segregation and Independent Assortment, Alleles and

Multiple Alleles, Human pedigrees and inheritance. Gene Interaction: Sex determination and Sex linked

inheritance, Sex determination in humans, Drosophila and other animals, Sex determination in plants, Sex

linked genes and dosage compensation of X linked genes.

Unit III :

Human genetics: pedigree analysis. Linkage analysis and gene mapping in eukaryotes. Coupling and

repulsion phases, Crossover and recombination. Basic Principal of Genetic Engineering

Fine Structure of gene and gene concept: Fine structure of rII gene – Benzer’s experiments,

complementation analysis and fine structure of gene, Complementation and recombination, concept of

gene. Chloroplast and Mitochondrial inheritance: Yeast, Chlamydomonas/ Neurospora and higher plants.

Unit IV :

Bacterial Genetics: Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction. Chromosome Structure: Centromeres,

Telomeres. Mutations, Spontaneous and induced mutations, Chromosomal mutation and aberrations,

Change in chromosome number: trisomy and polyploidy.

Evolutionary history of bread wheat, Aneuploids –nullisomics, monosomics, and uisomics, Somatic

aneuploids, Changes in chromosome structure, Properties of chromosomes for detection of structural

changes, Main type of changes– deletions duplications, inversions. Mechanism of chromosome mutations

genetic and cytological features of deletions, Duplications, inversions and translocations, Somatic vs

germinal mutation.

Unit V :

Population genetics: application of Mendel’s laws to whole population, Calculation of allele frequencies,

Hardy Weinberg principal for: Calculating recessive gene frequency, Calculating frequency of sex –

linked alleles.

Suggested reading:

1. Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 9 th edition by Griffiths et al, 2008

2. Concepts of Genetics, 9 th edition, 2009 by Klug et al

3. Principles of Genetics by Snustad et al (2004)

4. Birge,E.A. (2006) Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics. 5th Edition. Sriger Publications

5. Dale, J.W., Park, S.F. (2005) Molecular Genetics of Bacteria 4th Edition Wiley and Sons Inc

6. Freifelder, D. (2005). Moleular Biology. 2nd Edition. Narosa Pub. House

7. Synder,L., Champness W. (1997) Molecular Genetics of Bacteria. ASM Press.

Turn, N., Trempy, J. (2006) Fundamental Bacterial Genetics. Blackwell Publishers



SYLLABUS


IBT -403 CELL BIOLOGY 4 Credit

Unit I

INVESTIGATING THE CELL: Cell theory, microscope and its modifications; Light, phase

contrast, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

CELLULAR ORGANELLES: Structural organization and functions of plasma membrane, cell

wall, mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (SER and RER), sarcoplasmic

reticulum, glyoxysomes peroxisomes, microtubules, microfilaments, melanosomes, vacuoles

etc..

Unit II

CELL INTERACTIONS: Proteins and other substances involved in cellular interactions.

Adhesion of cell to non cellular substrates and to other cells. Role of cell adhesion in

inflammation and metastasis .Structure and functions of desmosomes, Tight junctions, gap

junctions and plasmodesmata.

TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE: Types of transport, Na+ K + ATPase, proton

pumps, Transport into prokaryotic cells, Bulk transport: endocytosis and exocytosis.

CELLULAR ENERGY TRANSACTIONS: ETS and oxidative phosphorylation, cyclic and non

cyclic phosphorylation.

Unit III

CELL CYCLE: Major molecular events during G1, S and G2 phases, regulation of cell cycle,

mitosis, meiosis, yeast cell cycle.

CELL SIGNALING: types and characteristics of cell signaling system, types of receptors; G

protein coupled receptors and second messengers, receptor tyrosine kinase, role of Sodium and

Calcium as cellular messengers, signal transduction in plants by auxins and giberellic acids.

Unit IV

BIOLOGY OF CANCER: Types of cancer, characteristics of cancer cells, causes of cancer,

tumor suppressor genes: p53 and RB and oncogenes.

APOPTOSIS: Role of different genes, cell organelles during Apoptosis, genetic control of

Apoptosis.

CELLULAR BASIS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT: Arabidosis : a genetic

tool, Development in Arabidopsis and its regulations.

REFERENCES:

1. Alberts, B, Bray D, Lewis J Raff M, Roberts K, Watson J. D., 1994, Molecular Biology

of Cell, Garland publishing Company.

2. Darnell J, Lodish H, Baltimore D, 1990, Molecular Cell Biology by Scientific American

Books, New York.

3. Backer, Kleinsmith and Hardin, 2004, The World of the Cell by Pearson Education.

4. Gerald Karp, 1996, Cell and Molecular Biology by McGraw Hill Publishing Company,

New York.

5. David E, Sadava, 1992 Cell Biology – Organell Structure and Function by Bostan and

Bartlett publisher.

6. Loewy, Siekevitz, Manniger and Gallant, 1991, Cell Structure and Function ( An

integrated Approach ), Saunders college bublishing house

7. Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology

8. Philip Sheeler and Donald Bianehi, Cell and Molecular Biology by John Wiley and Sons

9. Harrmann R. G., Wien, 1992, Cell organells by Springer Verlag



SYLLABUS


IBT-404 PLANT AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 4 Credit

UNIT-I

SOLUTE TRANSPORT AND PHOTOASSIMILATE TRANSLOCATION: Uptake, transport

and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across

membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and unloading of

photoassimilates.

PLANT HORMONES: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects

and mechanisms of action. (e.g auxin, Cytokinin, Gibberlin, ABA and ethylene).

UNIT-II

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport;

photoprotective mechanisms; CO2

fixation-C3, C

4 and CAM pathways.

RESPIRATION AND PHOTORESPIRATION: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron

transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway.

UNIT-III

Cardiovascular system: Comparative anatomy of heart structure (e.g Vertebrates, Amphibians,

Reptiles, Mammals (human)), Heart as a pump.

RESPIRATION: Mechanics of respiration ( Gaseous transport and exchange) in mammals and

birds.

UNIT-IV

EXCRETION: kidney –structure , function and its role in excretion.

DIGESTION: Physiology of gastrointestinal system (mammals) including neural and hormonal

regulatory mechanisms.

MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY : Molecular basis of muscle contraction, Neuromuscular junction.

NERVOUS SYSTEM: Neurone structure and fuction, Excitability and transmission of impulse in

neuron and muscle.

References :

1) Plant Physiology By Hans Mohr, Peter Schopfer.

2) Plant physiology By Jiří Šebánek.

3) Plant Physiology By Philip Stewart, Sabine Globi.

4) Plant physiology By Lincoln Taiz, Eduardo Zeige

5) Introduction to plant physiology By William G. Hopkins, Norm.

6) Plant physiology By Frank B. Salisbury.

7) Introductory plant physiology By Glen Ray Noggle, George.

8)Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment by Knut Schmidt-Nielsen

9) Eckert Animal Physiology By David Randall, Warren Burggren, Kathleen French

10) Animal physiology by Richard W. Hill, Gordon A. Wyse

11) Comparative animal physiology By Philip Carew Withers –

12) A Companion to Animal Physiology by C. Richard Taylor , Kjell Johansen, Liana Bolis

13) Comparative Animal Physiology, Part 2 By Clifford Ladd Prosser John Wiley & Sons.

14) Animal Physiology by R.C. Sobti.

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LABORATORY COURSE IN IBP-401 BIOINSTRUMENTATION

Based on syllabus

LABORATORY COURSE IN IBP-402 GENETICS

Based on syllabus

LABORATORY COURSE IN IBP-403. CELL BIOLOGY .

Based on syllabus

LABORATORY COURSE IN IBP-404 PLANT AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

Plant physiology.

1) Aseptic culture techniques for establishment and maintenance of cultures.

2) Preparation of stock solutions of MS basal medium and plant growth regulator stocks

3) Demonstration of osmosis in living plant cells by potato osmoscope.

4) To demonstrate the process of plasmolysis.

5) To study the effect of auxin on seed germination.

6) To study the effect cytokinin on seed germination.

7) To demonstrate unequal transpiration from the two surfaces of a leaf.

8) To demonstrate the process of osmosis with varying solution concentration.

Animal physiology

1) To estimate the amount of oxygen consumed in the given animal using winkler’s

method

2) Effect of salinity on oxygen consumption.

3) Preparation of haemin crystals.

4) To demonstrate assay of amylase activity in human saliva.

5) To estimate the amount of amylase activity in the serum of chicken or goat.

6) Quantitative estimation of protease activity in the tissue of crab.

7) Carbohydrate estimation by anthron method.

8) Qualitative estimation of lipase enzyme activity in Dalda/groundnut oil.

9) Estimation of protein by Biuret method from different tissue of crab.

10) Effect of temperature in rate of heart beats in fresh water crab.

11) Quantitative estimation of lipase enzyme in crab.

12) To estimate the amount of chloride in the serum sample of crab and goat.




IBT -501 BIOCHEMISTRY 4

Credits

Unit I: Introduction to Biochemistry as molecular logic of living organisms, Molecular

interactions and its importance in understanding cellular processes, water- general

considerations, hydrogenbonding between water molecules, interaction between water and

charged solutes, non-polar compounds, Van der Waals interactions, role of water in life.

Unit II: Carbohydrates- Importance, nomenclature and definitions, classification, asymmetry,

isomerism, polysaccharides-starch, glycogen, cellulose, pectin, chitin, hemicelluloses,

heteropolysaccharides, mucopolysaccharides, hyaluronic acid, chondoitin sulphate, dermatan

sulphate and heparin.

Unit III: Proteins-Amino acids: Classification based on R group, nonstandard protein amino

acids, peptide bond formation, Primary structure of proteins, Ramachandran plot, Secondary

structure-alpha helix, beta pleated sheets, Collagen triple helix, Elastin; Tertiary structure of

proteins-folding of the chain, myoglobin, ribonuclease, carboxypeptidase. Classification of

proteins based on source of protein, shape, composition and solubility, derived proteins.

Unit IV: Lipids- Simple lipids, fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, derived lipids-steroids:C29,

C28 and C27 steroids, terpenes, caretenoids. Nucleic acids-nucleosides, nucleotides, double

helical structure, RNA-rRNA, tRNA, mRNA and heterogenous nuclear RNA. Enzymes-IUB

Nomenclature and classification, isoenzymes, multienzyme system, characteristics of enzymes,

catalytic nature, thermostability, reversibility of reaction, pH sensitivity, three dimensional

structure of enzymes-ribonucleae, Lysozyme and Chymotrypsin.

References :

1 Berg Jeremy, Tymoczko John, Stryer Lubert (2001) Biochemistry 4th Ed, W. H.

Freeman, New York.

2 Conn Eric, Stumpf Paul K., Bruuening George, Doi Roy H., (1987) Outlines of

Biochemistry 5th Ed , John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.

3 Nelson D. L. and Cox M. M. (2005) Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth

edition, W. H. Freeman & Co. New York.



SYLLABUS


IBT-502 IMMUNOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 4

Credits

UNIT-I

Overview of Immunology, primary and secondary immune responses, humoral and cell mediated

immunity, cells and organs of immune system, generation of T cell and B cell immune

responses.

UNIT-II

Structure and properties of antigen, factors affecting immunogenicity, adjuvant, structure, types

and functions of immunoglobulins, organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes,

principle and applications of antigen-antibody interactions

UNIT-III

Organization and types of MHC molecules, antigen processing and presentation, cytokines,

complement activation, cell mediated effector functions, leukocyte migration and inflammation,

hypersensitivity reactions.

UNIT-IV

Structure and classification of viruses, virus replication, virion assembly, enumeration of viruses,

lysogeny, viroids and prions

References:

1. Essentials of Immunology by Roitt I. M. 1998. ELBS, Blackwell scientific publishers,

London.

2. Immunology (2nd edn) by Kuby J. 1994. W. H. Freeman and co. New York.

3. Cellular and molecular Immunology (3rd edn) by Abbas.

4. Immunology- A short course (2nd edn) by Benjamin.

5. Dimmock N, J and Primerose S. B. (1994). Introduction to Modern Virology-IV edn

Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

6. Morag C and Timbury M. C. 1994. Medical Virology-X edn Churchill Livingstone,

London.

7. Topely and Wilsons 1995. Text book on principles of bacteriology, virology and

immunology, Edward Arnold, London.

Applied Virology. 1984, by Edonard Kurstak, Academic Press, Lon

IBT 503- INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER 4

Credits

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER :

What is Computer? Characteristics of computer, History of computer, Generation of computers,

Block diagram of computer,

Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Joysticks, Light pen, Track ball, OMR, Scanner.

Output Devices: Printer, Plotter, Monitor.

Operating system- Definition, Function of Operating system

Classification of Operating: single user, multi-user, Multiprocessing, multi tasking operating

Systems, Multithreading Operating system

Introduction to Windows operating system

UNIT -II

ALGORITHMS, FLOWCHARTS & PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS :

Algorithms: Concepts & definitions

Flowchart: Concept and Definition, Different Symbols for flowchart

Converting algorithms to flowcharts

Some example on algorithm and flowchart

Various Searching algorithms: Linear search, Binary search

Sorting algorithm: Bubble sort, Insertion sort, Selection sort

UNIT–III

INTRODUCTION TO C LANGUAGE :

C Fundamentals: Data type, Operators and expression, Hierarchy of Operators, Input output

statement ( scanf and printf)

Control Statements: Decision ( if, if-else) and loop ( for, while ,do-while) controls. Switch

statement, break and continue.

Functions: Function declaration, passing argument to a function, call by value, call by reference,

UNIT-IV

INTERNET AND E-MAIL

Concept of Recursion. Introduction to Arrays: concept, types of arrays

What is Internet?, Important services provided by internet: e-mail, File Transfer, World Wide

Web. Use of Computer in Biotechnology Studies and research.

References:

1. Rajaraman Fundamentals of Computer , PHI

2. Leon A. and M. Leon Introduction to computers , Vikas Publishing house

3. Yeshwant Kanetkar Let Us C

4. Balguruswamy E. Programming in C

5. Seymour Lipschutz Data Structure, Tata McGrawHill,

IBT 504- MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 4 Credits

UNIT I

Screening techniques: Primary screening: Crowded plate technique, auxanography , Enrichment culture

technique, use of indicator dye, secondary screening.

Preservation: Serial subculture, overlaying with mineral oil, liquid nitrogen, lyophilization.

Strain improvement: Physical mutagens: U. V., gamma- rays. Chemical mutagens: EMS, NTG, nitrous

acid.

UNIT II

Scope of industrial microbiology: Design and role of different part of bioreactors-Baffles, impellers, foam

separators , spargers, culture vessels, cooling and heating devices. Inoculum preparation methods.

Fermentation medium ; media composition, media sterilization and contamination . Type of

fermentation: process-batch, continuous, dual and solid state.

UNIT III

Production and recovery of primary metabolites- Vitamins: vitamin B12, Organic acids: citric acid and

lactic acid, Alcohol: Ethanol formation by yeast and bacteria, Amino acids: L-Glutamate and L-lysine.

Single cell protein , Mushroom cultivation: spawn preparation, cultivation and applications of

mushrooms.

UNIT IV

Food production by fermentation: Sauerkraut, olives, pickled cucumbers, yoghurt, cheese, curd,

butter.

Microbes as biocontrol agents: Entomopathogenic fungi, Bacillus thuringensis. Microbes in agriculture:

Azo fertilizer, Rizo fertilizer, BGA, Mycorrhiza.

References :

1. Textbook of biotechnology-R. C. Dubey

2. Biotechnology – expanding horizon –B. D. Sing

3. Principles of fermentation technology –Whitaker

4. Industrial microbiology-A. H. Patel

5. Industrial microbiology- Cruger and Cruger

6. Microbial technology- Pepler and Periman

7. Industrial microbiology- Casida

LABORATORY COURSE IN IBP 501 BIOCHEMISTRY 2

Credits

1. Qualitative test for carbohydrates

2. Qualitative test for proteins

3. Qualitative test for lipids

4. Estimation of DNA by diphenylamine method

5. Estimation of RNA by orcinol reagent

6. Estimation of proteins by biuret met

LABORATORY COURSE IN IBP-502 IMMUNOLOGY AND VIROLOGY

Credit 2

1. Blood cell staining.

2. Differential blood cell counting.

3. Applications of agglutination reactions

4. Diagnostic application of precipitation method

5. Separation of serum proteins by gel electrophoresis

6. Isolation of coliphages

7. Enumeration of phages by phage titrometry.

8. Cultivation of plant viruses

9. Study of one step growth curve

LABORATORY CORSE IN IBP 503- INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

2 Credits

Practical -1. Familiarization of windows Operating System

i. Introduction to Windows

ii. Logging on

iii. Desktop and Task bar

Practical-2 Files and Folders

i. Folder and Creation on Desktop

ii. Folder creation in windows in explorer

iii. File creation on a Folder in Desktop

iv. Windows explorer

v. Find Option

vi. Shortcuts

Practical-3 Understand the use of Internet

Practical-4 Understand the services of Internet ( e-mail, Web browsing, data searching for

research)

Practical- 5 Understand the basics of C Language

Structure of C Program

Source code compilation

Few examples

Practical-6 Understand the Control statement and implementation in C Language

Practical-7 Understand the Function of C and implementation in C

Practical-8 Understand the Arrays of C and implementation in C

Practiacl-9 Understand the Call by value, call by reference, and recursion

Practical-10 Implementation of searching and sorting techniques.

IBP 504 LABORATORY COURSE IN MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 Credits

1) Screening for organic acid producers from soil.

2) Screening for amylase producers from soil.

3) Screening for antibiotic producers from soil by crowded plate technique.

4) Production of citric acid by solid state fermentation.

5) Cultivation of mushrooms.

6) Production of alcohol by using yeast.

7) Estimation of alcohol by specific gravity method.

8) Production of curd/ butter/ cheese.

9) Isolation of Azotobacter from soil.

10) Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules of leguminous crops.

11) Production of biofertilizer Rhizobium/Azotobacter

12) Study of Mycorrhiza

13) Estimation of amino acids.

IBT - 601 METEBOLISM 4 CREDITS

Unit -I

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM: Glycogen synthesis in liver and muscle, glycolysis and its

regulation. TCA cycle and its regulation, glycogenolysis,

HMP pathway, gluconeogenesis.

Unit-II

LIPID METABOLISM : Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, transport of fatty acids into

mitochondria.

Beta oxidation of saturated fatty acids, biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

Metabolism of ketone bodies.

Unit-III

Biosynthesis of phospholipids and glycolipids.

Cholesterol – regulation of cholesterol metabolism.

Unit- IV

AMINO ACID METABOLISM : General reactions, such as transamination, oxidation,

deamination and decarboxylation.

Urea cycle and its regulation.

References:

4 Berg Jeremy, Tymoczko John, Stryer Lubert (2001) Biochemistry 4th Ed, W. H.

Freeman, New York.

5 Conn Eric, Stumpf Paul K., Bruuening George, Doi Roy H., (1987) Outlines of

Biochemistry 5th Ed , John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.

6 Dawes Edwin A. (1972) Quantitative Problems in Biochemistry, Churchill Livingston,

Edinburgh.

7 Hall D. D. and Rao K. K. (1996) Photosynthesis 5th Ed., Cambridge University Press

8 Nelson D. L. and Cox M. M. (2005) Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth

edition, W. H. Freeman & Co. New York.

9 9. Palmer Trevor (2001) Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical chemistry,

Horwood Pub. Co. Chinchester, England.

IBT- 602 INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

4 CREDITS

INTRODUCTORY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Unit I

STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND DUPLICATION OF GENOME:

Nucleic acid: DNA and RNA Structure

Genome organization in pro and eukaryotes, Chromatin structure, nucleosome.

Genome duplication: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes/eukaryotes. RNA world and RNA

Replication.

Unit II

GENOME FUNCTION AND REGULATION:

Genome function: Transcription and translation in Prokaryotes/eukaryotes.

Epigenetics, Genome sequencing

FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

Unit III

INTRODUCTION AND TOOLS:

Concept of genetic engineering

Tools for genetic engineering: Cloning vectors for pro and eukaryotes, DNA modifying

enzymes, Host organisms, expression vectors, cDNA and genomic library construction,

methods for Transformation/ transfection, Screening for positive clones, expression analysis of

transgenes.

Unit IV

APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING :

Health, Agriculture and Environment

REFERENCES:

1. Genes IX. Lewin (2008),

2. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Watson et. al. (6 th edn., 2009),

3. Molecular Cell Biology. Lodish et. al. (6 th edn., 2008)

4. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Alberts et. al. (5 th edn., 2007)

5. Molecular Biology by Weaver.

6. An Introduction to Genetic Engineering By Desmond S. T. Nicholl

7. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics by Sandy Primrose

8. Gene and Genome Technology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA

9. Genomics by Sandy Primrose

IBT -603 ESSENTIALS OF BIOINFORMATICS 4 Credits

Overview of Bioinformatics. Nature of biological data. Major Bioinformatics Resources.

Literature databases (searching & downloading). Introduction & overview of Biological

databases. Nucleic Acid sequence databases.

o GenBank

o EMBL

o DDBJ

Protein sequence databases

o PIR-PSD

o SwissProt

o TrEMBL/GenPept

Database searches:

o Text-based searching

o Simple and advanced forms

o Manipulation of displays

o Entrez/SRS- query engines

Computational molecular biology & genetics

o Overview

o Exploring EMBOSS series

o Exploring OMIM

Database searches: II

Sequence comparisons & alignment concepts

o Fundamentals of sequence-based searching

Scoring Matrices

o Introduction to BLAST series

o Introduction to FASTA

Pairwise Sequence Alignments

o Global Alignments - Needleman Wunsch Algorithm

oLocal Alignments - Smith Waterman Algorithm

Structure databases

o PDB

o NDBVisualisation & other utilities

REFERENCE:

1. BAXEVANIS, A.D. & OUELLETTE, B,F.F.: Bioinformatics: a practical guide to the analysis

of genes and proteins. 2nd Ed.. 2002. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publications, New York.

2. BAXEVANIS, A.D., DAVISON, D.B., PAGE, R.D.M. & PETSKO, G.A.: Current protocols

in bioinformatics. 2004. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publications, New York.

3. ORENGO, C., JONES, D. & THORNTON, J.: Bioinformatics: genes, proteins and computers.

2003. Bios Scientific Publishers, Ltd. Oxford.

IBT - 604 MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN BIOLOGY 4 Credits

UNIT I

Pre-requisites: Theory of quadratic equations, integration and derivative, complex numbers,

linear differential equations etc.

UNIT II

Modeling single populations with difference equations, Malthusian model, non-linear models,

analyzing non-linear models.

UNIT III

Introduction to scientific computing, properties of floating point arithmetic, numerical

differentiation and integration.

UNIT IV

Linear models of structured population, Leslie model and Usher model, Numerical methods for

matrix algebra, Predator-prey models, Linearization and stability, positive and negative

interactions, modeling genetics of families.

REFERENCE:

1. Mathematical Models in Biology an Introduction, E. A. Allman, J. A. Rhodes,

Cambridge University Press.

2. Mathematical Modeling, J. N. Kapur, New Age International, New Delhi, 2005.

IBT-604 BIOSAFETY REGULATIONS 4 Credits

UNIT I

Rational Vs subjective perceptions of risks and benefits .relationship between risks. Hazard.

Exposure and safeguards. Biotechnology and biosafety concerns at the level of individuals.

Institutions, society, region, country and the world.

UNIT II

Laboratory associated infections and other hazards, assessment of biological hazards and levels

of biosafety. Prudent biosafety practices in the laboratory\institution. Biosafety regulations in the

handling of recombinant DNA processes and products in institutions and industries. Biosafety

assessment procedures in India and abroad.

UNIT III

The GM-food debate and biosafety assessment procedures for biotech foods and related products

including transgenic food crops. Case studies of relevance. Ecological safety assessment of

recombinant organisms and transgenic crops. Case studies of relevance (e.g. Bt cotton)

UNIT IV

Biosafety assessment of biotech pharmaceutical products such as drugs, vaccine etc.,

International dimensions in biosafety: Catagena protocol on biosafety. Bioterrorism and

convention on biological weapons.

References:

Biotechnology and safety assessment by Thomas. J. A...R.I (2002)(3rd Ed) academic

press.

Biological safety principles and practices by Fleming. D.A...Hunt. D.I...(2000)(3rd ED).

ASM press.washington.

Biotechnology- a comprehensive treatise (vol 12).legal economic and dimensions.

Encyclopedia of bioethics’.

IBP 601 LABORATORY COURSE IN METABOLISM 2 Credits

1 Estimation Of reducing sugars by sumner’s method

2 Estimation Of amino acids by Rosen’s method

3 Estimation Of proteins by Folin- lowry’s Method

4 Estimation Of DNA by Diphenyl amine

5 Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.

6 Production & extraction of Amino acids

7 Production & extraction of lipids

8 Poly Beta Hydroxy Granules staining

9 Qualitative estimation Of sugars by TLC

IBP 602 LABORATORY COURSE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC

ENGINEERING 2 Credits

1. Isolation of genomic DNA from various sources (Plant, Animal, Fungi, Bacteria)

2. Estimation, purity check and seperation of DNA

3. Determination of GC content in genomic DNA

4. Restriction digestion and RFLP analysis.

5. Isolation of RNA, Purification of mRNA

6. Estimation of RNA and RNA gel electrophoresis

7. Isolation of plasmid and preparation of RFLP map

8. Cloning

i. Competent cell preparation

ii. Ligation

iii. Transformation

iv. Screening for positive clones

IBP -603 LAB COURSE IN BIOINFORMATICS 2 Credits

Major Bioinformatics Resources (2P)

Literature databases (searching & downloading) (2P)

Nucleic Acid sequence databases (3P)

o GenBank

o EMBL

o DDBJ

Protein sequence databases (3P)

o PIR-PSD

o SwissProt

o TrEMBL/GenPept

Database searches: I (3P)

o Text-based searching

o Simple and advanced forms

o Manipulation of displays

o Entrez/SRS- query engines

Computational molecular biology & genetics (4P)

o Overview

o Exploring EMBOSS series

o Exploring OMIM

Database searches: II

Sequence comparisons & alignment 8P)

NW, SW, BLAST & FASTA

Structure databases (5P).

o PDB

o NDB

Visualization & other utilities

IBT-701 ADVANCED MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Credits: 4

UNIT I

GENOME ORGANIZATION:

Organization of Viral, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genome. C value paradox and genome size, Cot curves,

repetitive and non-repetitiveDNA sequences, Cot ½ and Rot ½ values, satellite DNA, DNA melting

andbuoyant density.General organization (size, banding, microsatellites, Gene distribution and density)

of plant (rice) and animal (human) genome including their organelle genomes. Organization of genes:

rRNA encoding Genes, mRNA encoding Genes, small nuclear RNA genes. Overlapping genes, genes

within genes, gene families, pseudo genes, truncated genes and gene fragments.

UNIT II

DNA REPLICATION AND REPAIR:

DNA Replication models, DNA replication mechanism (Prokaryotes/eukaryotes). RNA world and RNA

Replication. DNA modifying enzymes: DNA polymerases: types and mechanism of action. DNA damage

and repair and recombination: mechanisms and structure and functions of enzymes involved. RNA

Polymerases and reverse transcriptase: structure and mechanisms of action. DNA methyl transferases,

Topoisomerase, Gyrase, Nucleases etc., Types, mechanisms, and significance of mutations.

UNIT III

CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENE EXPRESSION:

Chromatin structure and remodeling. Regulation of gene expression at chromatin level. Epigenetics:

Genome imprinting, DNA methylation, Acetylation, Chromosome inactivation and sex determination.

Gene silencing, RNA interference. Homeotic gene expression and pattern formation in plants and

animals. Oncogenes and proto oncogenes.Transcription in pro and eukaryotic organisms and

transcription factors. Regulation of gene expression at transcriptional level. RNA processing: capping,

polyadenylation, splicing, editing and transport of RNA. Structure and functions of ribonucleoproteins.

Translation in pro and eukaryotic organisms and its regulation. Genetic code and factors.

UNIT IV

GENOME MAPPING AND APPLICATIONS

Techniques and Technology involved in genome mapping low and high resolution mapping ; Strategies

and milestones in mapping and sequencing of human genome approaches to physical and genetic

mapping; Principles and strategies for identifying unknown disease or susceptibility genes; Beyond

genomics – the physical and genetic mapping the post genomic era. Major genomic databases, Glimpses

and significance of the recently sequenced genomes of organisms. Utility of foot and fingerprinting of

DNA in paternity disputes and forensic sciences.

REFERENCES:

1. Birge, E.A. (2006) Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics. 5th Edition. SrigerPublications

2. Concepts of Genetics, 9th edition, 2009 by Klug et al

3. Dale, J.W., Park, S.F. (2005) Molecular Genetics of Bacteria 4th Edition Wiley and Sons Inc

4. Freifelder, D. (2005). Moleular Biology. 2nd Edition. Narosa Pub. House

5. Genes IX. Lewin B. (2008),

6. Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 9 th edition by Griffiths et al, 2008

7. Molecular Biology by Weaver.

8. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Albertset. al. (5 thedn., 2007)

9. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Watson et. al. (6 thedn., 2009),

10. Molecular Cell Biology. Lodishet. al. (6 thedn., 2008)

11. Principles of Genetics by Snustad et al (2004)

12. Problems and Approaches 3rd edition (1997) and 4th edition (revised2009) Speicher,

Michael; Antonarakis, Stylianos E.; Motulsky, Arno G. (Eds.)

13. Read Andrew and Donnai Dian (2007) New Clinical Genetics, Scion Publishing Ltd, UK.

14. Strachan Tom and Read Andrew P. (2004) Human Molecular Genetics , 3rd Edition, Garland

Science (Taylor and Francis Group), London and New York

15. Synder,L., Champness W. (1997) Molecular Genetics of Bacteria. ASM Press.

16. Turn, N., Trempy, J. (2006) Fundamental Bacterial Genetics. Blackwell Publishers

17. Vogel and Motulsky's Human Genetics.

IBT -702 ENZYMOLOGY Credits: 4

UNIT I

EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF ENZYME:

Sources of enzyme, Enzymehistochemistry, Exctraction of soluble enzyme, Extraction of membrane

bound enzyme, Physical and Chemical methods of extraction, Enzyme fractionation by salts and organic

solvents (Liquid-liqiud extraction), Enzyme purification by ion exchange chromatography, Gel fitration,

Affinity Chromatogrphy, Gel electrophoresis.

UNIT II

INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES AND ENZYME KINETICS:

Introduction, Classification of enzymes, Nomenclature of enzymes,P

roperties of enzymes, structure of enzymes, active site, holoenzyme, co-enzyme and cofactors, Enzyme

specificity and its type, mechanism of enzyme action ( lock and key hypothesis, induced fit hypothesis

),Enzyme activity assay and its type, International Unit of enzyme activity, Enzyme

turnover(Kcat).Steady state Kinetics, Henry and Michalis-menton equation, Briggs Halden equation,

The Line weaver-Burk equation,EadleHoffstee equation significance of Kmaxand Vmax, Enzyme inhibition

and its type: Reversible and irreversible enzyme inhibition, competitive, non-competitive and

uncompetitive and their graphical representation, Allosteric enzyme and their regulation e.g.ATCase,

PFK, Feedback inhibition.

UNIT III

PROTEIN AND ENZYME ENGINEERING:

Rational for protein and enzyme engineering, chemical methods for modifying enzyme activity, side

directed mutagenesis. Analysis of structure and construction of protein by computer based methods,

enzyme based drug designing,QSARe.g. Methotrexate. Enzyme immobilization; Properties of

immobilized enzyme, methods of enzyme immobilization; adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment

membrane confinement, cross binding.

UNIT IV

CLINICAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF ENZYMES:

Enzymes as biosensors, enzymes in organic media, enzymes as reagent in clinical chemistry: SGOT, SGPT,

LDH, GGT and alkaline phosphatase, aldolasereductase. Role of enzymes in food processing, leather ,

textile, wood and detergent industry, role of enzyme in resolving racemic mixture, enzyme used in the

recombinant DNA technology.

REFERENCES :

1. Structural and Mechanistic Enzymology: Bringing Together Experiments and

Computing by Dr.Christo Z.Christov.

2. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics By: Athel Cornish-Bowden

3. Fundamentals of Enzymology By: Nicholas C. Price

4. Practical Enzymology By Hans Bisswanger

5. Enzymes: the fountain of life By William Michlke Lopez, D. A. Lopez -

6. Enzymology by Devasena

7. Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism by Paul F. Cook

8. Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms by Perry A. Frey.

9. Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical ChemistryBy Trevor Palmer.

10. Enzymes: The Key to Health, Volume 1 By Howard F. Loomis

http://www.bookdepository.co.uk/author/Athel-Cornish-Bowden

http://www.bookdepository.co.uk/author/Nicholas-C-Price

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Hans+Bisswanger%22

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=jRjM-dEQmiEC&source=gbs_similarbooks

http://books.google.co.in/ebooks?output=ws2&as_brr=5&q=inauthor%3A%22William%20Michlke%20Lopez%22

http://books.google.co.in/ebooks?output=ws2&as_brr=5&q=inauthor%3A%22D.%20A.%20Lopez%22

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=Devasena&search-alias=books&text=Devasena&sort=relevancerank

http://www.amazon.com/Enzyme-Kinetics-Mechanism-Paul-Cook/dp/0815341407/ref=pd_sim_sbs_b_3

http://www.amazon.com/Paul-F.-Cook/e/B001JS7IP2/ref=pd_sim_sbs_b_bl_3

http://www.amazon.com/Enzymatic-Reaction-Mechanisms-Perry-Frey/dp/0195122585/ref=pd_sim_sbs_b_5

http://www.amazon.com/Perry-A.-Frey/e/B001JRUJDG/ref=pd_sim_sbs_b_bl_5

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Trevor+Palmer%22

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=m-7aAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_similarbooks

IBT-703 CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Credits: 4

UNIT I CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE:

Introduction to Clinical biochemistry; biological samples: types, collection, processing, stability and

storage; chemical composition of the biological fluids: blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid; reference

range; quality assurance; Levy-Jennings’s chart; accuracy and reliability of laboratory methods; factors

influencing the accuracy of results.

UNIT II METABOLIC DISORDERS:

Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, albinism, tyrosinosis, maple syrup urine

disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, sickle cell anemia, Histidinemia; Disorders of Carbohydrate

Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, glucose and galactose tolerance tests, sugar levels in blood, renal

threshold for glucose, factors influencing blood glucose level, glycogen storage diseases, pentosuria,

galactosemia. Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, glycosuria; Disorders of Lipids: Plasma lipoproteins,

cholesterol, triglycerides & phospholipids in health and disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia,

Gaucher’s disease, Tay-Sach’s and Niemann-Pick disease, ketone bodies, Abetalipoproteinemia;

Disorders of Protein metabolism: phenylketonuria, albinism, alkaptonuria.

UNIT III PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND BIOCHEMICAL DETECTION:

Blood disorders : Total and differential blood count, blood groups and Rh factor incompatibility, types of

anaemias and porphyries, molecular basis of hemoglobinopathies, thalassemia, Disorders of blood

clotting; Disorders of liver: liver structure and function, jaundice and clinical assesment, Hepatitis,

cirrhosis, viral, metabolic and drug induced/toxic liver diseases.liver function tests: Bilurubin test in

serum,hippuric acid test and bromuslphthalein test, serum enzyme test : SGOT,SGPT,GGT and Alkaline

phosphatase;. kidney: Structure and function of kidney,Biological buffers : acid-base and electrolyte

balance and role of kidney, disorders of kidney, proteinuria, renal tubular disorders, renal stones, renal

function tests: creatinine and urea clearance test, Phenol red test; Heart: Role of enzymes and other

proteins in assessment of myocardial infarction, HDL/LDL cholesterol, LDH, CK, C-reactive protein,

cardiac troponins.

UNIT IV ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY:

Cancer therapy Tumor markers, Biochemistry of aging, Radioisotopes & their clinical applications,

biological and immunological assays, use of ELISA, RIA and IRMA techniques in assay of hormones, PCR

and its application in clinical diagnosis.

REFERENCES:

1) Principles of Biochemistry. Ed. Lehninger, Nelson & Cox. CBS publishers & distributers

2) Bichemistry Ed LubertStryer. W.H. Freeman & company, New york.

3)Harpers Biochemistry Ed. R.K. Murray , D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes & V. W. Rodwell Appleton& Lange,

Stanford , Conneticut.

4) Textbook of Biochemistry with clinical correlations. Ed. Thomas M. Devlin.

Wiley Liss Publishers.

7) Principles & techniques of practical Biochemistry Ed. Keith Wilson & John Walker Cambridge

University press.

8) Biochemistry Ed. Donald Voet& Judith G. Voet John Wiley &Sons, Inc.

IBT-704 BIOINFORMATICS (Elective) ` Credits: 4

UNIT I

COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF SEQUENCES

DNA sequencing, Genome sequencing, submission of sequences to the database, Sequence accuracy,

computer storage of sequence.Sequence formats, Genebank DNA sequence entry, EMBL data library

format, Swissprot sequence format, FASTA sequence format. Conversion of sequence formats: READSEQ

and GCG programs for conversion of sequence formats.Storage of sequence database, Database access

program ENTREZ

Unit II

PROTEIN STRUCTURE PREDICTION

Hierarchy of Protein structure, Prediction of protein sequence from DNA sequence,Protein structure

prediction methods: Homology Based Approach, Threading method, Ab-initiomethod. Application and

limitations of protein structure prediction

Unit III

RNA STRUCTURE PREDICTION

Introduction, RNA structure prediction basic, searching for RNA specifying genes, features and

limitations of RNA structure prediction, Application of RNA structure modelling.

UNIT IV

PHYLOGENETIC PREDICTION

Relation of phylogenetic analysis to sequence alignment, genome complexity and phylogenetic analysis,

the concept of evolutionary tree.Methods for phylogenetic analysis: Maximum parsimony method,

Distance method, finch and Margoliash method and related method, the neighbor joining method and

related neighbor method, Comparisons of open reading frames by distance method

IBP-701 LABORATORY COURSE IN ADVANCED MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Credits: 2

1. Use of drosophila as a model system in genetics: Life history, morphology, mutants, culture,

sexing pupae for setting up crosses etc.s

2. Mutants of Drosophila Mono and Di-hybrid crosses in Drosophila.

3. Sex linked lethal in Drosophila.

4. Estimating gene frequencies in population, estimation of heterozygote frequencies, pedigree

analysis.

5. Human karyotype and chromosomal aberrations.

6. Ames test for genotoxins.

7. UV mutagenesis.

8. Bacteriophage titration.

9. Bacterial transformation.

10. Bacterial conjugation.

11. Bacterial transduction.

12. Isolation of nuclei and chromatin. Determination of mononucleosomal size.

13. Chromatin gel electrophoresis.

14. Isolation of genomic DNA from different sources viz. plant, animal, yeast and bacteria.

15. Restriction digestion of genomic DNA and analysis.

16. Thermal melting of DNA.

17. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA.

18. Isolation of organelle genome and restriction digestion.

IBP-702 LABORATORY COURSE IN ENZYMOLOGY Credits: 2

1. Calibration curve of maltose.

2. Effect of temperature on alpha amylase activity.

3. Effect of metal ions on the activity of alpha amylase.

4. Effect of pH on alpha amylase activitry.

5. Determination of kinetic parameters Vmax and Km of alpha amylase.

6. Immobilistion of alpha amylase by sodium alginate gel entrapment method.

7. Determination of alpha amylase enzyme activity.

8. Isolation of industrially important enzyme producing micro organism from the

environment.

9. Isolation of enzyme from plant and microbial sources.

10. Enzyme assay, activity and specific activity, determination of amylase, nitrate reductase,

cellulose and protease.

11. Production and assay of amylase by fungi and bacteria.

12. purification of enzymes by ammonium sulphate reaction.

IBP-703 LABORATORY COURSE IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Credits: 2

1. Grouping of blood and Rh typing.

2. Blood glucose level estimation

3. Detection of serum protein by Bradford assay

4. Urea detection

5. Estimation of protein in urine by biuret method

6. Creatine, creatinine, uric acid detection

7. LDL VLDL, HDL acid

8. AST(SGOT)

9. ALT(SGPT)

10. Alkaline phosphatase test

11. Acid phosphatase test

12. Amylase test

13. ELISA

IBP-704 LABORATORY COURSE IN BIOINFORMATICS (Elective) Credits: 2

1. Genebank- The nucleotide database: Retrieval of DNA sequence and saving in different

format

2. Pdb – The structure database – Retrieval, saving and visualization of Pdb file.

3. Genescan – Exon-Intron identification

4. Splice Predictor – Splice site prediction tool

5. Jmpred SOPMA: protein secondary structure prediction

6. Structure visualization tool: Cn3D, Rasmol, Jmol.

Documents

swami ramanand teerth marathwada university, nanded-431