SCIENCE Quarter 3 - Module 5 ATOMIC STRUCTURE

(The Sub-atomic Particles)

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

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Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________

Name of School: ___________________________

Science- Grade 8 Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE) Quarter 3 - Module 5: Atomic Structure (The Subatomic Particles) First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Sheenna L. Delfin

Editor: Julito R. Totao

Reviewers: Julito R. Totao, Zyhrine P. Mayormita

Layout Artist: Chris Raymund M. Bermudo

Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent

Lourma I. Poculan - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Amelinda D. Montero - Chief Education Supervisor, CID

Nur N. Hussien - Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD

Ronillo S. Yarag - Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Zyhrine P. Mayormita - Education Program Supervisor, Science

Leo Martinno O. Alejo - Project Development Officer II, LRMS

Janette A. Zamoras - Public Schools District Supervisor

Adrian G. Refugio - School Principal, Zamboanga del Norte NHS

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written in a way that suits your understanding and needs. In this module, you are expected to determine the number of protons,

neutrons, and electrons in a particular atom (S8MT-IIIe-f-10). The activities included in the module will help you learn about the particles that comprise an atom.

After doing the activities of this module, you are expected to:

⮚ Identify the subatomic particles of an atom. ⮚ Describe the subatomic particles of an atom.

What's In

In the previous module, you learned that changes in the arrangement and

motion of particles change the physical state of matter. Let's try to recall these physical changes by doing the activity below. Activity1: PHASEcal Change!

Direction: Identify the phase change involved in each item below. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. The phase change from solid to liquid is called

_________.

2. The phase change from liquid to gas is called

_________.

3. The phase change from liquid to solid is called

_________.

4. The phase change from gas to liquid is called

_________.

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What's New

Matter is made up of atoms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye or even with the use of the ordinary light microscope. When the ancient Greek philosophers conceived the idea of the atom, they thought that the atom is indivisible and that it has no parts. However, scientists have proven that the atom is composed of even smaller particles. To give you an overview of the atomic structure, try to answer the next activity.

Activity 2: Getting to Know Each Other!

A. Label the parts of the atom. Choose your answer from the box.

B. Identify what part of the atom is described.

1. The sub-atomic particle with no electrical charge is called __________. 2. The sub-atomic particle with a positive charge is called _____________. 3. The sub-atomic particle with a negative charge is called ____________. 4. The small dense region in the atom where protons and neutrons are

found is called ____________.

Proton Electron Neutron Nucleus

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What is It Scientists have collected evidence that atoms are composed of three

types of particles, namely the protons, electrons, and neutrons. These components of the atom are collectively referred to as subatomic particles. The nucleus of the atom contains protons and neutrons. The outer regions of the atom holds the electrons.

Figure1: Structure of an Atom Source: courses.lumenlearning.com

Atoms are electrical in nature. They contain particles with positive and

negative charges. The proton carries a positive charge (+1). The electron carries

a negative charge (-1). Atoms in their most stable state are neutral with an equal

number of protons and electrons. For example, if an atom has 5 electrons, then

it also has 5 protons. The other particle in an atom is neutron, which does not

carry any charge or is neutral.

The properties of the three subatomic particles are summarized in the

table below.

Table1. Some properties of the three main subatomic particles

Subatomic Particles (symbol)

Charge

Mass (grams)

Location in the Atom

Electron (e-) -1 9.109x10-28 Outside nucleus

Proton (p+) +1 1.672x10-24 Nucleus

Neutron (n0) 0 1.675x10-24 Nucleus

Protons and neutrons have approximately the same masses. Both

subatomic particles are found in the nucleus. On the other hand, electrons

are found outside the nucleus and are the smallest subatomic particles.

The number of protons determines the atom's identity, and the number of

electrons determines its electrical charge. The atomic number tells the

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number of protons in one atom of an element. It also tells the number of

electrons in a neutral atom of the element. The mass number is the sum of

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

Electrons do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass because

they are considered nearly massless in comparison to the masses of protons

and neutrons.

The number of neutrons can vary to produce isotopes, which are atoms

of the same element having the same atomic number but different mass

numbers.

Table 2. The Isotopes of Carbon

Element

Number of protons

Number of neutrons

Number of electrons

Carbon-12 6 6 6

Carbon-14 6 8 6

The number of electrons can also be different in atoms of the same

element, thus producing ions (charged atoms). For instance, Iron (Fe) can exist

in its neutral state or in the +2 and +3 ionic states.

What's More

Activity 3: The Big Difference Objective: 1. To compare the masses of subatomic particles using different ways of visual representations. 2. Infer which subatomic particles contribute to the mass of the atom.

Materials Needed: pencil, crayons, or coloring pen Procedure: 1. Refer to the masses of subatomic particles in the given table. Arrange the subatomic particles in increasing mass.

Subatomic particles (symbol)

Mass (grams)

Electron (e-) 9.109x10-28

Proton (p+) 1.672x10-24

Neutron (n0) 1.675x10-24

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Q1: Which subatomic particle is the lightest? _________________________________ Q2: Which subatomic particle is the heaviset? _________________________________ Q3: Which substomic particles have almost the same mass? _____________

2. Show a comparison of the masses of the three (3) subatomic particles using a bar graph. In the graph, assume that the first bar represents the mass of the proton. Draw the bar that represents the mass of the neutron and then that of the electron.

Bar graph Mass (x10-28 grams)

Subatomic Particles

3. Use a seesaw to show how the mass of a neutron compares with the mass of a proton. Use circles to represent the particles and label. Q4. Which subatomic particle/s make/s up most of the mass of the atom?

________________________________________________________

Q5. If the electrons are removed from the atom, would the mass of the atom change that much? Explain your answer. _________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

proton

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What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Fill the Space!

Read each statement carefully. Select the correct term from the word bank and write your answer on the space provided after the number.

The number of protons in an atom of an element determines the atom’s

1.______________ and the number of electrons determines its 2._____________. The

atomic number tells you the number of 3._____________ in an atom of an element.

It also tells you the number of 4. ____________ in a neutral atom of the element. The

5.____________ gives the identity of an element as well as its location on the Periodic

Table. No two different elements will have the 6.____________ atomic number. The

7.___________ of an atom for an element is the sum of the total number of protons

and neutrons in the 8.____________ of the atom.

WORD BANK

atomic number mass number

identity

electrical charge electrons

nucleus

protons same

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What I Can Do

Activity 5: Connect and Complete Me!

Complete the concept map. Choose your answer from the box.

are made of

which include which is a which is a which is a

Atoms Electrons Negative charge particle

Neutral particle Neutrons

Positive charge particle Protons

Sub-atomic particles

2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7.

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Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Select the correct answer from the choices given by writing the corresponding letter on the space provided before each number.

______1. Which of the following are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?

A. Proton, neutron, and isotope B. Proton, isotope, and electron C. Proton, electron, and negative D. Proton, neutron, and electron

______2. Which of the following are the subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom?

A. Protons only B. Proton and neutron C. Electron and neutron D. Electron and proton

______3. Which subatomic particles contribute the most to the mass of an atom?

A. Protons, neutrons and electrons B. Protons only C. Protons and electrons D. Protons and neutrons

______4. What do you call the negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom?

A. Neutrons B. Electrons C. Protons D. Ions

For no. 5-6, refer to the illustration below.

______5. Based on the illustration, which letter represents the protons?

A. B B. C C. A D. A and B

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______6. What subatomic particle is represented by the letter C in the figure (No. 5)? A. Proton B. Electron C. Neutron

D. Nucleus

______7. Describe the relative mass and electrical charge of a neutron? A. It has a mass of 1 and charge of -1 B. It has a mass of 0 and charge of +1 C. It has a mass of 1 and charge of 0 D. It has a mass of -1 and charge of +1

______8. Which of the following statements is true about the mass of protons and electrons?

A. Protons and electrons have the same mass. B. Protons are lighter than electrons. C. Protons are heavier than electrons. D. Proton and electron masses cannot be determined.

______9. Which of the following statements describes the mass number of an atom?

A. It is the number of protons in the element's atomic nucleus. B. It is the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons in an element's

atomic nucleus. C. It is the average mass of electrons D. It is the total number of protons and electrons.

______10. Four atoms have the number of protons and neutrons given below. Which two atoms are isotopes of the same element?

A. X and Y B. W and X C. X and Z D. W and Y

W: 8 protons and 8 neutrons

X: 8 protons and 10 neutrons

Y: 10 protons and 8 neutrons

Z: 9 protons and 10 neutrons

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Additional Activities

Word Solver Complete the puzzle below. Clues are given to guide you. (Leave a space to separate words)

Horizontal 2. A negatively charged subatomic particle. 6. A neutral particle of the atom. 7. The weighted average of all the isotopes of an element

Vertical 1. It tells the number of protons in the atom of an element 3. Atoms of the same element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to the different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. 4. A positively charged subatomic particle 5. The small dense region in the atom where protons and neutrons are found

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Concept Map

Complete the concept map on “changes” in an atom and the resulting particle that

is formed as a result of the change. Choose your answer from the box.

A new element Isotope

Nucleus

Ion Molecule

ATOM

The change in the

number of protons will result to the

formation of

4. ______

The change in the number of neutrons

in the atomic nucleus will result to

the formation of The change in the number of electrons

in an atom will result to the

formation of

3.

______

The chemical combinations of atoms will result

to the formation of

1.

______

2.

______

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Answer Key Gr8Q3 Module 5

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References Printed Ilao, Luciana V.,et.al. Teaching Support Materials for High School

(Chemistry) vol.2. DepEd.Science 9 Learner's Material.2014.

Electronic Sources

"Atomic Structure". Retrieved from https://education.jlab.org/qa/pen_number.html "Atomic Structure". Retrieved from https://byjus.com/jee/atomic-structure/

"The Structure of the Atom". Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/the-structure-of-the-atom/

What’s More Activity 3

1. Electron 2. Neutron 3. Proton and neutron 4. Proton and neutron 5. No

Electrons are very light and very small

particles

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Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land Here the trees and flowers bloom

Here the breezes gently Blow,

Here the birds sing Merrily,

The liberty forever Stays,

Here the Badjaos roam the seas

Here the Samals live in peace

Here the Tausogs thrive so free

With the Yakans in unity

Gallant men And Ladies fair

Linger with love and care

Golden beams of sunrise and sunset

Are visions you’ll never forget

Oh! That’s Region IX

Hardworking people Abound,

Every valleys and Dale

Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,

Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, Ilongos,

All of them are proud and true

Region IX our Eden Land

Region IX

Our..

Eden...

Land...

I Am a Filipino, by Carlos P. Romulo I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain

future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of

meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of performing

my obligation to the future.

I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of

ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes

rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to sea in

ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I see

them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind,

carried upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in the free abundance

of new land that was to be their home and their children’s forever.

I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed

that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance.

In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to

battle against the first invader of this land, that nerved Lakandula

in the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and

Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor.

The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my

manhood, the symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds

that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen many thousand

years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the

insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the

unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.

I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The

East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance,

was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering

across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of

the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and in its struggles for

liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I also know that the East

must awake from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has

bound his limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.

I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give

that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge

that has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries, and it

shall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears

when first they saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes,

of the battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from

Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing:

“I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom

shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my

children and my children’s children—forever.”

My Final Farewell Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd

Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,

Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best,

And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest

Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost.

On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,

Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed;

The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white,

Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight,

T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need.

I die just when I see the dawn break,

Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;

And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,

Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake

To dye with its crimson the waking ray.

My dreams, when life first opened to me,

My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high,

Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea

From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free;

No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.

Dream of my life, my living and burning desire,

All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight;

All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ;

To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;

And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night.

If over my grave some day thou seest grow,

In the grassy sod, a humble flower,

Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,

While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below

The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power.

Let the moon beam over me soft and serene,

Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes,

Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ;

And if on my cross a bird should be seen,

Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes.

Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,

And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest

Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,

And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high

From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.

Pray for all those that hapless have died,

For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;

For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,

For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried

And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain

And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around

With only the dead in their v igil to see

Break not my repose or the mystery profound

And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn resound

'T is I, O my country, raising a song unto thee.

And even my grave is remembered no more

Unmark'd by never a cross nor a stone

Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o 'er

That my ashes may carpet earthly f loor,

Before into nothingness at last they are blown.

Then will obliv ion bring to me no care

As over thy vales and plains I sweep;

Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air

With color and light, with song and lament I fare,

Ever repeating the faith that I keep.

My Fatherland ador'd, that sadness to my sorrow lends

Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!

I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends

For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,

Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e'er on high!

Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,

Friends of my chi ldhood in the home dispossessed!

Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day!

Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that ligh tened my way;

Beloved creatures al l, farewell ! In death there is rest !