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PANDA is a newsletter published by ENVIS Centre, Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim. This newsletter is aimed at disseminating environment, forest and wildlife information among the public at large and is also envisaged to serve as a medium to communication among foresters and others engaged in nature conservation in the State. Free and voluntary contributions for publication in the newsletter may be sent to ENVIS Centre.
ENVIS CENTRE SIKKIMOn Status of Environment & its Related IssuesForest Secretariat B - Block, Room No.B-101, Ground FloorForests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim, Deorali -737102, Gangtok
Email us at: [email protected] us at : www.sikenvis.nic.in
Tel (O) : 03592-280381Fax: 03592-281778 / 280381
ENVIS TEAMCoordinatorMr. B. B. Gurung,Addl. Director of Forests(Planning/ Environment & Soil Conservation)
Sr. Programme OfficerMr. Rajen Pradhan
Information OfficerMr. Laxuman Darnal
IT Assistant Ms.Renu Gurung
Data Entry OperatorMs. Tulsha Gurung
ENVIS PUBLICATION 2016-17
PandaENVIS SIKKIM Newsletter
Volume No 9 Issue No. 4 [2016-17] Registration No. 61685/93
ISSN 2320-3943
ENVIS Centre SikkimOn Status of Environment publishes newsletter on quarterly basis with the support from the Ministry of Environment, Forests& Climate Change, Government of India. The fourth quarter publication is a special annual edition titled “PANDA”which is published with the extended support from the Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim.
Please login www.sikenvis.nic.in to download the e-copy
Coverphoto:CharmaneyatDzongri,KhangchendzongaNationalPark,WestSikkimPhotocourtesy:NagendraRizal,RangeOfficer(KNP)West
Apr-Jun Vol. 9, Issue 1Theme: Environment Event Special
Jul-Sep Vol. 9, Issue 2Theme: Biodiversity and Wildlife Special
Oct-Dec Vol. 9, Issue 3Theme:Cleanliness and Hygiene Special
Quarterly Newsletters of 2016-17
2016-17 PublICATIOn
© 2016-17 ENVIS CENTRE SIKKIMForests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim
Any part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, provided that the same is duly cited.
All efforts have been made to make the information shown as accurate as possible.
Editorial BoardDr. Thomas Chandy, IFSPrincipal Secretary –cum- PCCF
Mr. C. S. Rao, IFSCCF (HQ/ T)
Mr. B. B. Gurung,Addl. Director(Planning/ Env. & SC)
Compilation & Design: Mr. Rajen Pradhan,Sr. Programme Officer (ENVIS) ENVIS team sincerely thanks the resource persons and well wishers for their contribution in this issue.
Print @ CONCEPT, 0353-2640132
ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT (1994-2016)
Published by: Forests, Environment & Wildlife
Management DepartmentGovernment of Sikkim
Electronic version available online in ENVIS Sikkim website
http://www.sikenvis.nic.in
Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 1
EDITORIALMessAGe FRoM THe eDIToR
The past one year has seen some encouraging accolades for the green initiatives of the State. The most important of these was the award of the prestigious Sustainable Development Leadership Award to the Honourable Chief Minister Shri Pawan Chamling by The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi. The award is a testimony to all the environment-friendly actions taken by the State Government under the visionary guidance of its Chief Minister. It has been an iconic reward for the exemplary green policies being followed by the State during the last two decades. The inscription of the Khangchendzonga National Park by UNESCO as a mixed criteria World Heritage Site is a monumental achievement by the State in the field of conservation. While the new-found status of the National Park confers on it a prominence that it deserves, it also poses fresh challenges to its maintenance as one of India’s most pristine high altitude ecologically rich wildlife habitats. All stakeholders should come forward to contribute positive action and even make small sacrifices if need be to preserve this status of KNP.Other awards to the state for cleanliness under the Swachhta Abhiyan are also an indication of the pro-environment activities of the State Government. Civil
society in Sikkim has also worked hand in hand with the Government to make the State towns and cities clean and green. The Swachhta awards spur us to keep on acting responsibly to negate the adverse effects of tourism in our State.In this edition of PANDA, the annual news magazine, we let the readers explore the natural, cultural, scientific and economic opportunities this small State offers. The year 2017 being the UN international year of Sustainable Tourism for Development, this edition also intends to explore and promote the potential ecotourism zones of the State. The exciting stories of high altitude treks for education, scientific explorations and recreation, I hope will attract awareness amongst the readers and fellow enthusiasts.Hope you will find this edition interesting and enjoy reading it!
Dr. Thomas Chandy, IFSPrincipal Secretary -cum- PCCF
Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management DepartmentGovernment of Sikkim
Send your comments and suggestions [email protected]
Yartsa GunbuPhoto by: B. M. Limboo, Field Staff, KNP, West Sikkim
2 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
PANDA Vol. 9 Issue 4 2016-17 ISSN 2320-3943 Registration No. 61685/93
W H A T ’ S M O R E ….. page-wise
• World Heritage Site – Khangchendzonga National Park
4
• YartsaGunbu Commercialization in Sikkim – IssuesandChallenges
8
• PhoenixrupicolaT. Anders in Sikkim – A Race Against Time
14
• A Trek to Panch Pokhari (Five Lakes) in South Sikkim
16
• Occurrence Record ofRhododendronhypenanthum(Ericaceae) in Eastern Alpines of Sikkim, India
21
• Story of Gum Tree EucalyptusSp. (Myrtaceae) in Sikkim
22
• Report on Morphological Change seen in Lady Amherst’s Pheasant Female at Himalayan Zoological Park, Bulbuley
25
• Rescue and Rehabilitation of Hodgson’s Flying Squirrel in Chongey, East Sikkim
27
• Sikkim’s only Living Fossil Tree: A Potential Heritage TreeCycaspectinata
30
• The Lhonak Lake Expedition 2016 33
• Cleanliness drive in Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary
38
• Green Schools Programme 2016-17: National Awards to Sikkim Schools for Green Actions
39
• The Green Story: Sonam Choda Lepcha Memorial Government Secondary School, Lingdong, North Sikkim
40
Visit our Website for the electronic [PDF] copy:www.sikenvis.nic.in
YartsaGunbuCommercialization in SikkimIssues and Challenges
8A Trek toPanchPokhari (Five Lakes) in South Sikkim
16The Lhonak Lake Expedition 2016
33The Green Story:Sonam Choda Lepcha Memorial Government Secondary School, Lingdong, North Sikkim
40Barsey Rhododendron SanctuaryRice Biological Diversity in West Sikkim, India
44Nature Trek to Phoktay Dara, West Sikkim
52
nside
4
World Heritage Site – Khangchendzonga National Park
India’s first mixed criteria world heritage site
Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa)at Dzongri, KNP, West SikkimPhoto by Shri Dal Bahadur Limboo, Chowkidar
Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 3
W H A T ’ S M O R E ….. page-wise
• Stakeholder’s Consultation Workshop held for the preparation of State of Environment Report Sikkim 2016
43
• Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary: Rich Biological Diversity in West Sikkim, India
44
• Nature Trek to Phoktay Dara, West Sikkim 52
• Conclave on Innovation and Progress of Ecotourism in Sikkim
54
• The Customary Annual Sikkim Flower Show Competition 2017
54
• Ecotourism Zones in Sikkim 55
An ENVIS SIKKIM Publication OnStatusofEnvironment&RelatedIssues Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim
4 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
Khangchendzonga National ParkWorld Heritage Site -
Khangchendzonga National Park (KNP) is situated in North and West Districts of Sikkim and includes the world’s third highest
peak, Mt. Khangchendzonga. KNP has an extremely impressive altitudinal range: a vertical sweep of 7,366 meters (m) across an elevation range of 1,220 m to 8,586 m above sea level (asl) within a relatively small area. The Himalayas are narrowest here resulting in extremely steep terrain which magnifies the distinction between the various eco-zones which characterise the area. As a consequence, KNP contains a remarkable range of Eastern Himalaya landscapes and wildlife from sub-tropical to alpine to Trans- Himalayan (Cold Desert) within a small geographical area. Culturally, the National Park is significant as it is considered to be the core of the sacred hidden land or “beyul” which was blessed by Guru Padmasambhava. Mount Khangchendzonga itself is revered as it is regarded as the guarding deity of all Sikkimese people.
On account of these natural and cultural features, Khangchendzonga National Park was declared as a World Heritage Site in July 2016 based on both natural and cultural criteria (or mixed criteria), India’s first mixed criteria World Heritage Site.
KNP has an area of 178,400 hectares and covers approximately 25% of the entire State. KNP was declared in 1977 and its area was more than doubled in 1997 by the State Government to protect an area of spectacular peaks, glaciers and rugged alpine terrain in the Indian part of the Eastern Himalayas. The 1997 extension broadened the range of ecosystems covered and increased the impressive altitudinal gradient. India’s highest peak, Khangchendzonga, at 8,586 m asl, literally stands out within the protected area which boasts of 20 peaks above 6,000 m. the visually prominent Khangchendzonga Massif is actually comprised of five major peaks, which culturally stand for the five treasures salt, gold, turquoise, arms and (combined) medicine and seeds. The massif literally named the “Abode of the Gods”, has exceptional symbolical, cultural, religious and spiritual significance for many ethnic peoples and religious beliefs across and beyond the Himalayas.
Numerous lakes and glaciers, including the 26 km long Zemu Glacier dot the barren high altitudes. The glaciers
Natural Values of KNP
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feed important rivers, creeks and wetlands within the seven major watersheds of the KNP. The park boasts of an unusually diverse flora and fauna with many rare and endangered species, some of them endemic. The different altitudinal zones provide habitat for markedly distinct faunal and floral assemblages. Eleven broad vegetation types have been identified, each confined to specific elevation ranges and topographic niches and each with corresponding faunal assemblages. Recent camera trapping confirms that the mammal species encompass numerous rare and endangered species and probably the full array of naturally occurring predators. Asiatic Black Bear (VU) and at least four canines, including the elusive Asiatic Wild Dog (EN) and the Tibetan Wolf (CR) have recently been confirmed. The Snow Leopard (EN) is the flagship species of KNP, one of the three leopard species and six confirmed (possibly eight) cat species found within KNP. The charismatic Red Panda (EN) is the State Animal of Sikkim and is likewise found in the lower altitude forests of KNP, its buffer zone and nearby protected areas. Among the insects, butterflies are extremely abundant in Sikkim State which is home to an estimated 46% of India’s butterfly species. Sikkim boasts of up to 650 species.
KNP coincides with an Important Bird Area (IBA) and is part of Endemic Bird Area (EBA). Among the most conspicuous bird species are the many large birds of prey, several species of Old World Vultures and numerous pheasants (LC). The Lhonak Valley is a Trans-Himalayan grassland, which is partially included in KNP and the only known breeding site of the Blacknecked or Tibetan Crane (VU) in the Eastern Himalayas as well as an important stopover for migratory water birds.
KNP’s grandeur is undeniable and the Khangchendzonga Massif and other peaks and landscape features are revered across several cultures and religions. While not the highest mountain in the world, Khangchendzonga is nevertheless a peak with one of the most spectacular mountain ranges globally. The combination of extremely high and rugged mountains covered by intact old-growth forests up to the unusually high timberline further adds to the exceptional landscape beauty. KNP was legally declared in 1977 and extended in 1997. The park is the equivalent of an IUCN Category II protected area and is strongly protected under India’s national Wildlife (Protection) Act which includes elements of both area-based and species based conservation and both are applicable to KNP.
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The core of the cultural significance of the property revolves around the notion of beyul or ‘hidden land’. This concept is linked to the narrative on Guru Padmasambhava or Guru Rinpoche or Second Buddha, who visited Sikkim in the 8th century and sanctified the whole region naming it beyul or ‘sacred hidden land’, a paradise on earth. No boundaries were defined but the beyul was divided into Highlands, Midlands and Lowlands with Khangchendzonga sitting like a king on a throne, presiding over and protecting the upper region of the beyul.
Around the concept of beyul a number of religious texts and rituals have been elaborated. An important ritual associated with Khangchendzonga and the other guardian deities is the Pang Lhabsol, which was consolidated by the King of Sikkim in the 17th -18th century and is still performed annually. It includes an
itinerary through the main Buddhist monasteries and notable natural features mentioned in sacred texts. This particular Buddhist ritual is interwoven with Lepcha rites, carried out by two shamans (bungthings) at the same time as Pang Lhabsol is performed – one in Northern and the other in Southern Sikkim. These rituals have been performed for over three centuries and along with the texts wherein they are described have played a crucial role in shaping Sikkimese identity and their relationship with the environment.
Tangible natural elements conveying the association with nature and making intelligible the sacred geography of the nominated property include lakes, caves, sacred rocks and sacred peaks. Conversely, man-made elements of the links between humans and the natural environment are the monasteries, the chortens, and the ruins of royal palaces.
The Cultural Significance of KNP
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Mobile pastoralism has been a central element of the traditional local livelihood systems in Sikkim, including what is today KNP, both in the form of transhumance and nomadism. The Government of Sikkim banned open grazing in 1998 in both protected areas and reserved forests, plantations and near water sources and embarked on stricter enforcement. Cattle sheds have since been removed from KNP.
Trekking use is supported by pack animals resulting in some localized grazing impacts but generally the KNP is free from any major signs of overgrazing. A ban on the commercial exploitation of medicinal plants and aromatic plants used for incense was imposed in 2001 and continues even today.
Hunting and trapping of birds and mammals has long been a part of traditional livelihood systems, both for food and medicinal purposes. It is today categorically banned, i.e., considered as poaching.
The Government of Sikkim has taken several steps to preserve the cultural significance of the KNP. In 2001, the State Government of Sikkim issued Notification No 70/ Home/2001 listing sacred peaks, caves, rocks, lakes, chortens and hot-springs as “most sacred Buddhist places of worship in Sikkim and protected them under the provision of the Places of Worship (Special Provision) Act, 1991” which was extended to Sikkim in July 1991.
Noticeable Government initiatives have been to maintain Pang Lhabsol and other Buddhist ritual celebrations as state holidays as in the days of the kingdom (which were declared holidays during the time of the kingdom), making it easier for people to attend and participate. An important state contribution towards the preservation of cultural values and religious history has been the introduction of vernacular classes in all government schools in the 1980s.
Steps taken by the Government to preserve the biodiversity and ecosystems of the KNP:
Steps taken by the Government to preserve the cultural significance of the KNP:
The Hon’ble Chief Minister of Sikkim Shri Pawan Chamling being conferred the prestigious “Sustainable Development Leadership Award 2016”’ by the Hon’ble President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee during the World
Sustainable Development Summit organized by TERI at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi on October 06, 2016.
8 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
ArticlePaRT -III
artsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) or the “Himalayan Gold” is inextricably linked to the medicinal and aromatic
plant trade in East Asia and has been highly prized for centuries. It constituted a US$3.6 billion industry in 1994; its price increased >1000% between 1997 and 2012 from US$700 to US$130,000 per kg in the international market. In India, its price is increasing at the rate of 15 – 20% every year. The increasing awareness about the monetary value of Yartsa Gunbu has resulted in increase in its illegal extraction, thereby dwindling its existing
natural populations. Approximately 400 – 500 kg of Yartsa Gunbu is trafficked from India to Nepal, annually.1
In the context of illegal trade of Yartsa Gunbu, Sikkim is no exception as evident from the seizure of almost 17 kg of Yartsa Gunbu in July 2008 from three international poachers. This incident compelled the government to legalise its sustainable harvesting
and as a result of which Cordyceps sinensis (Yartsa Gunbu / Vegetative Caterpillar) Collection and Selling Rules 2009 came into existence. The said rule bestowed the authority to the JFMCs / EDCs of the concerned area to harvest Yartsa Gunbu under their jurisdiction; however, with the conditions that 1) the resource shall be disposed of through government organized auctions, and 2) the amount collected, after deducting the expenditure incurred for disposal, shall be shared on 25:75 percent basis between the government and the JFMCs / EDCs. Nevertheless, due to some or the other reason, the rule could not be
Y
1Pradhan BK. 2016. Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinenesis (Ascomycetes): a potential bioresource for commercialization in Sikkim Himalaya, India. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 18(4): 337-346.
Dedication: Totheforesterswhodedicatetheirlivesinconservingourinvaluablebiodiversityandarealwaysengulfedbythechallenges,butnevergiveup.
Yartsa GunbuCommercializationin Sikkim
This article is in continuation of the article “Yartsa gunbu commercialization: A learning lesson from Bhutan” published by the author in PANDA Vol 8
Yartsa Gunbu Commercialization in Sikkim Issues and ChallengesDr. Bharat Kumar Pradhan, Sikkim Biodiversity Board, FEWMD
Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 9
implemented successfully in the state and the illegal trade of Yartsa Gunbu continued.
With time, it was realised to have guidelines for effective implementation of the said rules because the rule is not sufficient on its own as it did not include the most important aspect, i.e., the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) provision clearly defined in the Indian Biological Diversity Act 2002 and Yartsa Gunbu is such important bio-resources having high potential of having ABS agreement in the state. This led to notification of Yartsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Harvesting and Auctioning Guidelines 2016 vide notification no. 11/GOS/FEWMD/Pr. Secy – PCCF dated 12.04.2016 which duly takes into account the various clauses of the Rule 2009 as well as ABS provision of the national Act. In addition, the guidelines also talks in detail about stepwise processes of obtaining collection permits, harvesting and auctioning.
Prior to practical implementation of the guidelines, maximum efforts were made to reach out to the local people through massive awareness programmes. Simultaneously, the prospective buyers / companies from within as well as outside the state were intimated regarding the initiative of the government in legalising the trade of Yartsa Gunbu in the state, through various possible means.
Lachen and Lachung (north Sikkim) were selected for the trial and the Yartsa Gunbu collection permits were issued to 100 individuals (50 each) on the basis of the lists provided by the respective Dzumsa. Accordingly, an auction was organized at Mangan (north district headquarter) during the month of August 2016; however, 99% of the
collectors did not turn up in the auction and they sold their resources to the underground agent prior to auction, the reason being 1) the long-time gap between the collection and the auction; 2) lack of patience of the collectors; 3) lack of confidence and trust on the government; 4) the fear of decaying of their collected material, etc. Similar was the case with the buyers who also did not turn up; there could be many reasons, the most important being to avoid from getting exposed, perhaps of their long time earlier involvement in the illegal trade of Yartsa Gunbu, especially the local dealers. At the same time, Yartsa Gunbu, which was brought for auction could not be sold out because the buyer and the seller were unable to negotiate, “the buyer wanted to lift the lot
on wholesale rate while the seller wanted to sell his material on per piece basis”. On the other hand, the national buyers put forth the security reason for not being able to participate in the auction even though they showed enthusiasm in acquiring the resource, for which some did visit Gangtok couple of times, post auction. During the course, even though, the buyer offered the seller much higher price (Rs. 150 per piece) than he actually quoted (Rs. 80 per piece) and also assured to pay all the necessary charges to the government on his behalf, the negotiation could not happen due to obstinate behaviour of the seller, “the buyer had limited requirement and the seller wanted him to lift the whole lot”. Due to the negotiation problem, legally
Auction organized at Mangan, North Sikkim
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collected material ultimately went to illegal underground market and the department were not able to collect revenue either from the collectors or the buyers. Conversely, the state lost an opportunity of having first ABS agreement signed which could have been a success story in respect to Yartsa Gunbu trade, and Sikkim could have emerged as 2nd model state after Bhutan.
As revealed from open conversation with local people, they believe in doing instant business and are not worried about the payment but are more worried about their collected material that may decay due to improper processing and storage method. According to
them, the illegitimate traders buy the unprocessed / half processed resources from the collectors on per piece basis and make the payment on the spot so they need not worry about their resources getting waste due to decaying. They further stated that they do not remain in the collection site continuously for long time, rather they prefer frequent visit (on weekly basis) during the collection season. Hence, they desired that the department take their collected material, as and when they brings, and process through auction at their own leisure time and pay them for their resources after deducting all the necessary charges / royalties. In addition, they disclosed that in most of the cases,
non – resident collectors are much involved in collection of Yartsa Gunbu who tends to spend long time at the collection site and indulge in other illegal activities. However, they conveyed that the Dzumsas are taking every effort to prevent the intrusion of non – resident poachers to the high lands and imposes heavy penalties on them and anyone who violates their customary law. During the discussion, they brought out the issues of involvement of army porters and the GREF (General Reserve Engineering Force) labourers in the illegal collection of Yartsa Gunbu and expressed their helplessness to check such poaching incidence. The snatching away of the collected material by the defence personal
Yartsa Gunbu in the field
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also came to light during the open discussion. An informal interaction with the field defence personal during an awareness programme in eastern Sikkim revealed that the higher authority places a demand for Yartsa Gunbu to them. Since they cannot identify it themselves, they take the help of the local people in its collection and in the process, the local indulges themselves in over extracting the resource and supplying it to the traders on the other side of the border at meagre price.
Very recently (10.05.2017), I got an opportunity to interact personally with one of the broker (identity undisclosed) in Gangtok who has been dealing with the Yartsa Gunbu since 2012. He revealed that in Sikkim very few people deals with it directly and majority of them plays a role of broker who facilitates the trade of Yartsa Gunbu between the sellers and the buyers on commission basis. He unveiled that most of the collectors hand over their collections to local middleman who sells the material to the buyers through brokers and pays them back after deducting all the commission. He disclosed that during 2013, the seller was forced to dispose of his material at the rate of Rs. 9 per piece because there was no one to buy the material from him; the buyer sold the same material to the richer section of people in Sikkim at the rate of Rs. 50 per piece. Another stunning story narrated by him was that almost 7 kg of Yartsa Gunbu was wasted some years back as the buyer supposedly from Nepal was involved in gambling. During the course, the material got decayed in the hotel room due to improper processing, drying and storage. He also revealed that at many times, the seized material goes unrecorded and are sold / supplied within or outside Sikkim. He made several other revelations regarding the
ongoing illegal trade of high valued resources from Sikkim.
It is apparent that there are many issues associated with the Yartsa Gunbu in Sikkim. At this juncture, it is important to identify and prioritize the problems and frame clear cut strategies to deal with it. The local communities in the high altitude areas have been playing major role in the conservation of biodiversity since time immemorial, through their age old customary law. They have hundreds of years of experience in managing the resources; however, the abrupt enforcement of stringent conservation policies dwindle their confidence and trust on the government and also threatened their existing traditional practices.
Conversely, for protecting the traditional knowledge system of the tribes, which form the basis for the modern development, debates and conventions are taking place globally. Even the Article 8(j) and 10(c) of United Nation Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 recognizes the traditional knowledge of the indigenous and local communities and their rights over the customary use of biological resources.2
The contracting parties (196 countries including India) have obligations to follow the guidelines of CBD and respect and protect the traditional knowledge of the local communities and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices. Target 18 under Strategic Goal E of Aichi Biodiversity targets also aims to ensure that traditional knowledge is respected, which quotes as “By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of biological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations, and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effective participation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levels”.
Though Yartsa Gunbu harvesting is not a part of the traditional culture of the local communities in Sikkim
2United Nation. 1992. Convention on Biological Diversity. Total pages 30.
Awareness Programme being conducted at Mangan, North Sikkim
12 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
but legalising its collection and trade is an effort of the government towards respecting their access right to the resources as well as helping them get better price for their resources by minimizing the role of middle man. On the other hand, the local communities should also respect the conservation policies of the government and assure their cooperation in its successful implementation in the state. They must understand that the government has the ultimate authority to allow or forbid the resource extraction and has the right to collect revenue for the state, as they deemed fit. Nonetheless, there are few things the FEWMD needs to ensure for getting support of local communities in regard to Yartsa Gunbu trade in Sikkim and also for attracting maximum buyers, such as:
1. Reach out to the public as much as possible;
2. Maximum awareness generation from grassroots level to the bureaucratic and political level;
3. Involve local communities in decision making;
4. Make the system easy, approachable and affordable;
5. Develop linkage with the perspective buyers;
6. Facilitate direct conversation between sellers and the perspective buyers which would enable them to negotiate on the price in open forum;
7. Develop corpus fund for paying the seed money to the collectors for their resources;
8. Coordinate with Police and the administration for ensuring security of the perspective buyers, at least up to nearest airport as done in Nepal;
9. Arrange high level meeting with the defense and GREF personal to convey the involvement of their porters and labours in illegal poaching of Yartsa Gunbu as well as bothering the local collectors;
10. Facilitate the field personal for carrying out regular patrolling in high altitude areas;
11. Arrange exposure visit for the community members, collectors, field officials, etc.
12. Organize auction at the central location so that the buyers do not have to waste time to undergo unnecessary formalities;
13. Keep track of the people visiting high altitude forest areas during Yartsa Gunbu collection season; etc.
14. Arrange direct table talk with the brokers / dealers; etc.
Sikkim, being a part of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, is blessed with rich biodiversity having lot of ABS potential; however, we are not able to take benefit from it due to our over protection policies which, itself has emerged as a challenge because it is threatening the existence of our precious bio-resources and the long conserved associated traditional knowledge system in addition to causing several other problems. However, the people outside the State are not bound by our stringent policies, hence, they are making real benefit from our resources by exploiting our local communities. Further, local communities in other countries / state are making substantial income through bio-resource based entrepreneurship which has greatly help the government in dealing with the increasing unemployment situation. Hence, it is high time that we relook to our existing policies and make necessary amendments for the benefit of the state and its
people.
In regard to Yartsa Gunbu, at the current date, it is clear that the local communities in Sikkim truly wants the government’s intervention and guidance because now they have realised that without the help of the government they are not going to get the real price for their materials; however, they are not able to come forward and put forth their submission. At the same time, dealing with the various issues related to Yartsa Gunbu is a great challenge for the authority; nonetheless, legalising the trade of Yartsa Gunbu in Sikkim has been well acknowledged by the local communities and this would certainly help the government regain the confidence and trust of local communities which will eventually help in successful implementation of the other conservation polices in the future, with their participation. Nevertheless, it is important that stakeholders at all the level must cooperate and assure help to the government in all possible ways for the sake of our future generation as well as for the conservation of our precious biodiversity.
Acknowledgements
I am thankful to Honourable Minister of Forest Shri Tshering Wangdi Lepcha, Principal Secretary cum PCCF Dr. Thomas Chandy and Conservator of Forest Shri YP Gurung for their continuous motivation and support. I am indebted to all the local people of Lachen, Lachung, Dzongu and Serethang and also the unidentified broker for sharing their views, experience and knowledge during my interaction with them. I would like to thank the field officials and the staffs of the FEWMD for their unconditional support.
Author: [email protected]
YartsaGunbubroughtinauction
14 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
Fig 1. Phoenix rupicola habitat (27°09′10″N–88°21′35″E)
With just 7 surviving individuals in Sikkim the Cliff Date Palm (Phoenix rupicola) is positively heading for one quick case
of extinction if organized conservation is not met effectively and very soon. All these plants are located in a single group at a point (340m amsl) on a rocky inclination corresponding to 70-80o, sometimes reaching straight up to 90o. The epithet rupicola is attributed to those elements that grow upon rocky surfaces or over the rocky cliffs (L. rupicola= of the rocks) which the palm follows unfailingly every time and it might be that growing on unassailable part of the cliff is the only reason that it is surviving now. Phoenix, as is commonly known, is a mythical bird which rises
from its ashes every time it dies, but in this particular case things are not running as per the mythical script.
The first marked finding in the above stand is that new growth are not coming up in the last few years which is making the regeneration scenario of this plant a real concern. Seeds are produced in considerable amount during late autumn but a large part of the dispersal fall directly into the stream below (River Tista) to be carried away downstream to places where it has no scope for germination or establishment.
This palm is recorded from the Darjeeling hills, Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh (exhibiting its east-west spread) and therefore considered as endemic to the Eastern Himalaya. However, wherever it is found these are recorded always as growing in small numbers
Phoenix rupicola T. Anders.in Sikkim: a race against timeL. K. Rai *
Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 15
which show that these palms are comparatively fewer and therefore rare in Nature. This palm is one of the few pinnate-leaved palms in India (14 species) of which only about 3 species are found growing in the foothills or sub-montane region of the country always choosing its habitat which is close to the stream. The above palm grove in Sikkim is found growing not further than a mere 30 m from the stream banks but the distance being a vertical one the river never reaches it to inflict any serious damage.
There is no information available on its reproductive biology, growth and development mechanism as well as ecological processes, especially with regard to its sustenance ecology. Compounding to this is the sad fact that this palm is dioecious (male and female flowers on different plants) which becomes a determining factor to its reproductive potential. This is to say that in real life situation the loss of a male or female individual from a group of plants will practically turn the stand into a sterile relic. Considering the existing situation (7 individuals and no regeneration) the palm is in danger of disappearance very soon if recovery measures are not put into place while there is time.
* Author: GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development, Sikkim Unit, Email: [email protected]
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T386 29A10140589.en) has listed the plant at Lower Risk/Near Threatened category (in its Ver. 2.3, 1998) but this status is not concomitant to Sikkim condition. Following the criterion of AOO as prescribed under the IUCN threatened criteria this palm in Sikkim should rightfully belong to the Critically Endangered (CR) status. The IUCN criteria for selection of threatened species are largely based on a holistic purview but as things stand this may not be applicable to the prevailing condition in Sikkim.
The status of Phoenix rupicola is not at “Lower Risk/Near Threatened” category in Sikkim and therefore local initiatives becomes important before it takes a straight jump from this to the Extinct (E) category. This also brings in the case of “Think Global, Act Local” and whatever may be the situation worldwide, local initiatives must come up first for resource conservation. Unless this happens the species in question cannot be saved. Figuratively speaking, and particularly for the moment, the Cliff Date Palm in Sikkim is really hanging at the cliff edge of survival.
Fig 2. Close up of Fig 1
16 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
(Five Lakes) in South Sikkim
Sikkim with an area of 7096 sq km has enriched natural resources. The state is rich in flora and fauna and falls under
Eastern Himalayan Hotspot for biodiversity. The forest and tree covers 47.80% and recorded forest land as 82.31% of the total geographical area of the State.
Nevertheless, there are many more trekking destinations in the State
which are unexplored and lie hidden from the rest of the world. These are
indeed not much walked by people and are trekked by only few.
A Trek to
Panch Pokhari
Palzor Ongda Bhutia, SFS DFO (Env. & SC), South
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Sikkim has most captivating places and treks within the forest areas and attracts nature lovers and trekkers from around the world. There are as such many established and well known trekking routes within Sikkim which has been yearly walked and enjoyed by trekkers.
Nevertheless, there are many more trekking destinations in the State which are unexplored and lie hidden from the rest of the world. These are indeed not much walked
Magnificent PanchPokhari (Five Lakes) surrounded by mountain ranges.
by people and are trekked by only few. Alike, one of such unexplored trek is ‘Trek to Panch Pokhari’ in South Sikkim.
The trek to Panch Pokhari is 5-6 days (to & fro) walk from the base camp at Phamtam, a small village in South Sikkim connected by vehicle road from Rabongla town. The trek can be rated as 3/5 stars in terms of trekking difficulty for an average trekker. The word ‘Panch’ means five and
‘Pokhari’ means Lakes, meaning ‘Five Lakes’. The place is situated at 4318msl and derives its name from its five lakes making it a high altitude trekking destination. It falls within Reserve Forest and is administered by South Division. The five mesmerizing fresh water natural lakes surrounded by snow- capped mountains and connected by different forest zones have gracefully placed it for a nature lover to trek.
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Trekking SeasonThe best season for trekking is August- October and April- May. The latter is usually done to witness the flowering of rhododendron species and other seasonal Himalayan flowers including Rheum nobile along the trek route to Panch Pokhari. The other months i.e. Nov – Feb are not advised for trekking as the entire place is covered by snows making it difficult to trek. The trek starts from Phamtam Village and makes a trekker to pass through vast and enriched Reserve Forests and Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary, ultimately reaching Panch Pokhari.
Reflectionofpeakinoneofthelake
Note: Table above shows only the days taken to reach Panch Pokhari. Similarly, 2- 3 days, depending on the trekker’s capacity, are required for returning to the base camp at Rabongla/ Phamtam.
Trek RouteThe table below shows the trek route from Phamtam Village to Panch Pokhari.
MountainrangeseenfromMajnagiKharka
TrekRoutetoPaachPokharifromSadaVillage
SN Location Elevation
(m) Description Days taken
1. Rabongla Bazar, South Sikkim 2100 m Base Zero
By road till Pham-tam Village
2. Phamtam Village 1800m Starting of
Trek
Day One3. Sada Village 1619m
4.ChanduKharka (within Maenam WL Sanctuary)
2817m Halt
5. GokteyOrar (Cave) 3636m Halt
Day Two
6. Gairee 3440m
7. MajnagiKharka 3984m
Halt (while going and coming back from PP) Day Three
8. Panch Pokhari (PP) 4318m
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Vegetation TypeA trekker shall witness and capture nearly four different forest zones and types along the route (Champion and Seth, 1986) and for easy reference and understanding by a trekker, are associated with the local place along the trek route. They are as follows.
1. Himalayan Wet Temperate forest (1800-2700m): This forest has spread from Rabongla to Sada Village and above. Species like Castonopsishysterix (Katus), Quercuslineata (Phalant), Quercuslamellosa (Buk) form the main species. Other species include Acer campbelli, Juglansregia, Symplososphyllocalyx etc. At the higher level includes conifer species like Tsugadumosa (TengreSalla).
2. Sub Alpine forest (2700-3700 m): This forest type is abundantly found from Chandukharka (place in Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary) to Gairee (depression) and above including species like Tsugadumosa mixed with Rhododendron species.
3. Moist Alpine forest (3700 – 4000m): The place above Majnagi Kharka (open meadows as the name describes) covers this type of forest comprising of typical alpine meadows where the tree growth is completely arrested and species like Rheum nobile (Sikkim Rhubarb) and only few stunted bushy growth of Rhododendron species exists.
4. Dry Alpine forest (above 4000m): The places near Paach Pokhari falls under this forest type where the vegetation is practically of scattered scrubs, often barren with few species of stunted thorny scrubs and alpine meadows predominantly of grasses.
EnrichedHimalayanWetTemperateForest
AtrekkerenjoyingtheviewnearMajnagiKharkaForest
RheumnobileflowernearPanchPokhariForest
Faunal DiversityThe area is rich in faunal diversity and sustains significant endangered species of avifauna and mammals. Species like Himalayan Black Bear, Red Pandas habitat the area ranging from 1800 m to 3500 m. Species like Blood Pheasants, Snow Partridges and Himalayan Blue Sheep also habitats the high altitude areas. Species like Himalayan Musk Deer are also reported to be seen by the local trekkers.
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For Details, please contact:Wildlife Circle, [email protected]
ConclusionThe trek to Panch Pokhari is one of the best trekking destinations for a nature lover. However, it is still unexplored and requires promotion for sustainable use of the natural resources. The development and promotion of the trek shall ensure upliftment of the local people in terms of socio-economic status. The Department of Forest, Environment &Wildlife Management has a crucial role to play for the sustainable development and promotion of the natural resources as well as uplifting socio- economic status of the local stakeholders through activities and training, namely;
i. Training on guides/ bird watching.
ii. Training on hospitality management and operating tours & travels.
iii. Creating awareness of conservation among the local stakeholders.
iv. Training on identification of local flora including Rhododendron species.
AlocalmanworshippingatPanchPokhari
Indian Rs. 55/-Foreigner Rs. 110/-Students of Indian Institutions
Rs 30/-
Local guides and porters with team
Rs 25/-
Tent pitching charge Rs. 45/-Accommodation in wildlife Log Huts
Rs 350/-
Still Camera Fee (Per day)
Rs. 25/-
Video Camera Fee Rs. 850/-Movie Rs.3300/-
In exchange, it shall create awareness among the local stake holders to preserve and conserve the natural resources from which they are benefited and thus share a common conservation bond with FEWMD
References1. FEWMD, Government of Sikkim,
State of Environment- Sikkim, 2007, ENVIS- Sikkim Publication.
2. Indian State of Forest Report, Sikkim 2015
3. Tamang, K.K., Yonzone G.S. 2004, Dictionary of flowering Plants of Darjeeling- Sikkim Himalaya, Darjeeling-734101
4. Khanal, Bashudev, HFG, Rabong (T) Range. (One of the trekker to Paach Pokheri)
5. PC: @Jeet Lal Gurung, Rabongla
6. Geographic Information System Cell, Gangtok, WP, FEWMD
Quick Info
Panch Pokhari Trek
Nearest Airport
– Bagdogra
Nearest Railway
– New Jalpaiguri
Nearest Town
– Rabongla, South Sikkim
Best Season – Apr-May, Aug-OctTrek Days – 5 to 6 days to & froTrek Altitude – 1800 m to 4300 mSanctuary Covered
– Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary, South Sikkim
Entry Fee for Wildlife Sanctuary:(perpersonperday)
MoreDetailscanbeseeninSikkimGovernmentGazetteNotificationNo.90dated31/03/2016
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Sabita Dahal
Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation & Forest Management Project, FEWMD, [email protected]
Rhododendron is the largest genus in the family Ericaceae with greatest number of species. In Sikkim, the species of Rhododendrons are distributed from temperate region (1800m) up to the Trans- Himalaya (5500m). The genus comprises of almost 1200 species worldwide. In India 92 species; a total of 109 taxa including, 8 sub species and 9 varieties of Rhododendrons have been reported, of which maximum species diversity reported from Arunachal Pradesh with 75 species (Sastry and Hajra 2010). Sikkim also has its rich diversity with 38 species; 41 taxa including sub species and varieties (Dahal, S. 2016) including recent report of Rhododendron mecongense (Pradhan BK, Dahal S, Nilson J and Lachungpa D. 2015). Present article is an occurrence report of Rhododendron hypenanthum from Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, Tamze valley and surrounding areas of the Eastern Himalaya of Sikkim, resulting in addition of one species to the existing list of 38 species of Sikkim Himalayan Rhododendrons.
Rhododendron hypenanthum is commonly known as Yellow Dwarf Rhododendron. The taxon was treated as a subspecies or variety of Rhododendron anthopogon (Synonym: Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don subsp hypenanthum or Rhododendron anthopogon var. hypenanthum (I.B.Balfour) H.Hara. It is closely related to pinkish or white flowered Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don (Dwarf Rhododendron). It is an evergreen, aromatic shrub, up to 40 cm tall. The branches are rough and scaly; branch-lets are generally short. Leaves are elliptic-oblong, 1-3 cm long, dorsal surface rough, wrinkled, ventral densely covered with dark reddish brown scales. Leaf petioles are 3-7 mm long. Leaf blades are elliptic or oblong-elliptic or obovate elliptic, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse
Rhododendronhypenanthum photographed in Tamze valley ca. 4000m
or rounded. Flowers are borne in terminal clusters of 5-10. Bracts are ovate, margin ciliate. Flowers are yellow, tube cylindrical, lobes orbicular, spreading outside. Capsule is ovoid, 4-6 mm long.
The species is commonly occurring in the Rhododendron thickets, scrub, and open alpine slopes from 3500-4500m in Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal and Sikkim. In Sikkim, the species are flourishing well in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, Tamze valley and surrounding areas in the eastern part from sub-alpine to alpine areas with good number of populations. As a medicinal plant, its stems, leaves and flowers are used in Tibetan Herbalism. They are antitussive, febrifuge, tonic, diaphoretic and digestive and are used in treatment of inflammations, lung disorder, and general weakening of the body, also treat lack of appetite, cough and various skin diseases (Source: Karna, N. & Carthy, G.Mc. 2008.).Acknowledgements
I am thankful to Forest, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim for providing field facilities through Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation & Forest Management Project (SBFP). For Further Readings:Dahal S. 2015-16. Sikkim Himalayan Rhododendrons. Panda. 8(4) 15-27.Pradhan BK, Dahal S, Nilson J and Lachungpa, D (2015). A note on Rhododendron mekongense – a new species record from Sikkim Himalaya. Journal of American Rhododendron Society 77: 76 - 80.Sastri, A.R.K & Hajra, P.K. 2010. Rhododendrons in India. BS Publications, Hyderabad.Karna, N. & Carthy, G.Mc. 2008. Green Jobs Primer: Trees, Plants and Grasses of Nepal. Local Economic Development and Green Jobs, Nepal.
Occurrence Record of Rhododendron hypenanthum (Ericaceae) in Eastern alpines of Sikkim, India.
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STORY OF GUM TREES EUCALYPTUS SP. (MYRTaCEaE) In SIKKIM
Usha LachungpaPrincipal Chief Research Officer and Addl. Director (Sikkim Biodiversity Board)[email protected]
Most Foresters in India get their training at Dehradun. This is perhaps why they were familiar with species such as Gum trees Eucalyptus sp. and Silver Fir Grevillia sp. which were planted there. Around 1962-63 Eucalyptus globosa was first introduced into Sikkim and planted at TNA and Namnang in Gangtok (E), Mangan (N) and Geyzing (W), then also at Melli (S).
Blue Gum E. globosa can be identified by its juvenile leaves blue in colour (hence the name ‘Nilgiri’ or Blue Mountain in South India). Adult leaves become sickle shaped and lose the blue shade. However in Sikkim it was seen that due to heavy rainfall, the juvenile leaves rotted, due to which this species could not establish and as of today it no longer is seen.
Around the same time in 1962, E. grandis was also introduced and this was successful. Mr. S. C. Simick then Range Officer planted around 100 nos. at Namnang and Geyzing Bazar. Today these trees are under the axe of development.
Around 1982-84 when Mr. ST Lachungpa (STL) was DFO (N), he collected seeds of E. grandis from Namnang and specially raised them in polybags at DFO Quarters at Mangan. These were planted around Mangan, Hee Gyathang Sr. Sec. School, Tingvong and Rangrang, around 100 nos. at each place. Standing trees today at Namnang, Hee Gyathang and Mangan are all E. grandis.
Again around 1985, STL procured three species E. grandis, E. tereticornis and E. citriodora , the last one being scented, from FRI Dehradun and planted them along the Ranipul – Epecac Garden and roadsides up to Rangpo. Today most of these trees have been lost to urbanization and developmental activities in these areas.
Among the three, E. citriodora survival and diameter increase was second to E. grandis. E. tereticornis on the other hand was supposed to be a fast grower, but did not do well. Both of these can be seen at Saramsa; E. citriodora has strong smell and reddish bark, while E. tereticornis has smooth whitish bark.
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STORY OF GUM TREES EUCALYPTUS SP. (MYRTaCEaE) In SIKKIM
STL also introduced E. grandis at Tsunthang and Lachung in North Sikkim, particularly at Beechu Inchung’s (father of Mr. Sonam Wangdi Lachungpa, ACF). He was a supplier of rations to the Forest Dept. and very knowledgeable about medicinal plants which he used to collect, also purchase and market. The trees grew with good diameter, but snowfall broke the branches.
Around 15-20 years ago, 1996-2000 STL planted about 20-30 E. grandis at Sichey, the lower outskirts of Gangtok on his private land. He harvested 40 CFT from three-four of his trees in March 2016. These he converted into 4’x3’beams as the wood warps if planked at this stage. He seasoned them by proper stacking and pressure using heavy stones, following which he converted them into 1”planks and used them in his new construction. He said the wood is very hard, good and resistant to insect attack.
So why were these trees introduced in Sikkim at all? In those days Eucalyptus was grown in India for firewood, paper and mining props. In Haldwani area of Uttar Pradesh, they were harvested at eight years and 8’ diameter. They were pollarded at 6”above the ground and supplied for these three uses. When the sprouts appeared, four were retained and growth harvested after two to four years. In Punjab, they are grown along the National Highways for use for furniture, and
after proper seasoning the wood is comparable to other timber for furniture.
The species was introduced into India at a time when all foresters were trained at Dehradun and Eucalyptus was found good for their training. Also shortage of LPG, kerosene and electricity necessitated alternative fuels such as these fast-growing exotic species. In the context of Sikkim the entire supply to the Army for firewood was the responsibility of the Forest Dept. There was massive felling of trees along entire Natula route, Bulbuley area (where now Smriti van concept is greening barren areas), B-2, Menshithang, Damthang, Rabong, Rhenock, Chujachen, etc. There was urgent need for fast growing species to meet the demand and therefore Eucalyptus made its entry into Sikkim, though only as a trial and not large scale. Senior Foresters would remember a firewood depot at Tadong.
Then around 1980-85 when Mrs. Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister of India, Forest Secretary Mr. P. O. Pazo approached her with the plea that it was no longer possible to supply firewood and wood for bunkers and bridges to the Army. Thanks to her intervention, kerosene was encouraged and provided to the armed forces which drastically reduced the demand for firewood.
Earlier the department grappled with public demand and commercial demands, and the Working Plans were geared to calculate yield per hectare. Now with increasing environment and biodiversity consciousness, concerns about climate change,
Photo of 22 Jan 2017 by GRO Mr. Anup Bania: The branches are being trimmed on request of NIC (National Informatics Centre, Tashiling) as they are blocking the RF Signal thereby disturbing the Internet service. The location is near Mines & Geology Office within Private Estate, Gangtok.
24 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
concepts of mixed plantations and conservation of indigenous native species took front-seat. Eucalyptus is no longer encouraged and the recent Working Plan of the department does not encourage plantations of exotic species. There are no restrictions however on private land, and so far one is free to plant any species of one’s choice.
This documentation of the history of Eucalyptus shows that though no scientist undertook research on the species in Sikkim, a Forester, no less than a DFO conducted his own trials and experiments driven by his own interest and passion, thanks to which we may conclude that technically sound research was indeed thus conducted, and at least four species of Eucalyptus (globosa, grandis, tereticornis and citriodora) were tried and tested by Mr. Sonam Topden Lachungpa IFS Retd PCCF cum Secretary, Forest over 35 years between 1982 – 2016.
• Growing Eucalyptus in Sikkim possibly goes back to good 100 years basically for its ornamental value. In regard to introduction of Eucalyptus in Sikkim, missionaries with their roots in Australia were the major introducers. The species were E. robusta and E. citriodora initially and later E. grandis (mid 1950s).
• Purpose: Ornamental landscaping plant, tried in Malaria infested lowlands as repellent of mosquitoes. Inhaling vapour of Eucalyptus citriodora immersed in hot water was an established practice in households throughout Sikkim. Planting a tree in the compounds of gentries was almost a must. An avenue of E. citriodora was also established as Avenue Plantation at Singtam TB Hospital in late 1948.
• Introduction of E. grandis in mid 1950s by CF Arjun Singh was basically to explore whether it will be good for fuel wood, when fuel-wood and charcoal were the only means of energy in households and meeting the demand of people at Gangtok by forest department was a nightmare.
• To test the climatic zones where they were likely to do well, they were planted at and around Mangan SPWD Bungalow; junction of road at Gyalzing; Namnang and along Police HQ at Gangtok. Forest Department had the largest forest nursery below Palzor Namgyal Stadium where E. grandis seedlings were raised wrapped in green mosses as plastic bags were unknown. The term used was ‘mossing’ of saplings. In six years rotation they could turn out a good fuel wood and poles for various uses in farmland. Also a sizeable plantation was raised at Melli but the climate was found not suitable.
• Though Eucalypts are now scapegoats for present day environmentalists, they served their purpose in that particular situation and particular period.
• I recollect a tree, possibly E. robusta, with good six feet in girth at TNHS (now TN Academy) at the northern end way back in 1940 where we used to gather around for lunch.
• A Grove (rather dwindle) of E. grandis at Namnang slope planted by W.T. Lucksom (later DFO) by Private Estate R.O. still looks gorgeous with its stately height and branches swaying with the wind are a sight to see!
Off the Cuff Thoughts from Mr. K. C. Pradhan IAS Retd:
Transcribedfrompersonalinterviewsandemailcommunicationon21stJanuary2017withMr.S.T.LachungpaIFSRetd.atHiddenForest,Gangtok;andon23rdJanuary2017withMr.K.C.PradhanIASRetd.
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Normal Lady Amherst Pheasant Pair
Report on Morphological Change seen in
Dr. Minla Zangmu Lachungpa,Assistant Zoo Conservation Biologist,Himalayan Zoological Park, BulbuleyEmail: [email protected]
The Himalayan Zoological Park is currently in possession of one pair of Lady Amherst’s Pheasants that were brought to the park as
adults from PNHZP Darjeeling. The female was brought on 15.11.2010 and the male on 31.10.2011. The pair has now been with the park for almost 7 years now. In August, during my daily rounds at the Pheasantry, I noticed both male and female were in the middle of moulting and growing of new feathers. The female however, was beginning to grow unusually bright red feathers uncharacteristic of the otherwise drab brown plumage of females.
at Himalayan Zoological Park, BulbuleyLady amherst’s Pheasant Female
26 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17
Normal Lady Amherst’s FemaleGynandrous Lady Amherst Female
The female gradually molted and over the next new months her plumage completely changed. She now resembles a slightly dull male with more orange and olive-green plumage with a full tail and ruff.
This change in morphology is however, not unusual, as PNHZP Darjeeling from where these birds were procured, currently has two old females in the same state. On further research into this unusual phenomenon known as Gynandry, it is learned that this has been seen mostly in captive reared birds. It is also assumed that if at all there have been any cases in the wild, this has not been recorded, perhaps due to predation as such females are now more conspicuous and could fall prey much faster.
Gynandry is a phenomenon similar to the human menopause, when old female birds stop laying and undergo hormonal changes that results in plumage change in subsequent moults. Although, this particular individual has been laying eggs over the past years, we may now expect her stop laying altogether. Individual variations however may dictate otherwise- PNHZP recorded a gynandrous female that laid one
Lady Amherst’s Pheasant pair with Gynandrous female
last clutch of eggs and successfully hatched them. Gynandry has been recorded mostly in females between ten and thirteen years of age. It is also hypothesized, that Gynandry could possibly be the result of inbreeding.
It must be noted here, that in the process of gynandry, the female, while having changed morphologically to resemble a male, is still physiologically a female. Our current male, still regards her as such and continues to display for her.
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Rescue and Rehabilitation of
Report by
Dr. Minla Zangmu Lachungpa,Assistant Zoo Conservation Biologist,Himalayan Zoological Park, BulbuleyEmail: [email protected]
Dr. Karma D. Bhutia,Veterinarian, Birds, Beasts & Relatives Veterinary Clinic
Mrs.Dichen NamdulACF, Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary,FEWMD
On 05.11.2016, around 3:30 PM I received a call from ACF (PWLS) Mrs. Dichen Namdul regarding an injured female Hodgson’s Flying Squirrel that had been reported by ACF Pakyong Mrs. Bhumika Rai. The animal was rescued by the Headmaster of Linkey Junior High School - Mr. Narayan Mishra at around 8:00 am, who then handed it over to the forest staff: Mr. Deepen Mohra, Dawden Lepcha and Bivek Gurung Forest Guards, Pakyong.
As the Zoo Hospital cannot accept any new animals without quarantine, I immediately requested the ACF to have the animal taken to the nearest veterinary facility for any first-aid necessary. She immediately took it to the Birds, Beasts and Relatives – Veterinary Clinic in Deorali, where Veterinarian Dr. Karma Dorjee Bhutia examined it. The animal was found to be paralyzed downwards from the hip, visibly noticeable from the way she dragged her legs and tail. After an X-ray taken at Sukhim Diagnostics in Nam Nang area, to rule out possible fractures, the animal was diagnosed with spinal trauma which could be responsible for the paralysis. A small open wound on the tail was also discovered teeming with maggots, indicating that the Squirrel had possibly been in this state for a few days before being rescued. As the animal came from a relatively warmer region and the Himalayan Zoological Park (HZP) premises would have been too cold to help an already stressed animal recover, after consensus with the ACF and Dr. Karma, I decided to take the Squirrel home where we would be able to keep a closer eye on her movements and also feed her regularly.
Hodgson’s Flying Squirrelin Chongey, East Sikkim
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In order to restrict further movement that could have caused further damage to her spine, the Squirrel was initially housed in a small carton with a blanket for warmth. An additional heater was also provided at night. Most rescued wild animals will refuse to eat as food provided by us is unfamiliar and new to them. The added strain of force feeding also stresses them further which could lead to further complications. The first two days small pieces of apple, banana and guava were placed in the box which it refused. On the third day we started to force-feed the squirrel a blend of fruit, egg and Lactogen solution through a syringe. Feeding was continued in this way until she started to reach out towards the syringe on her own. We then gradually shifted from syringe feeding to feeding the same mixture from a small bowl, as well as bigger sections of fruit separately, to which she quickly adapted - sometimes even pulling the bowl towards herself or eating taking the fruit in her hands to eat.
The Squirrel was then shifted into a small pet carrying cage which allowed her room to groom herself. As handling was often stressful, Dr Karma and I then began to provide physiotherapy to the Squirrel while she ate. A section of banana to nibble on while manually exercising the legs and also dressing the wound proved fruitful as we could monitor feeding while also examining the animal. She was seen to prefer Lactogen solution, and bananas.
The tail was dressed every alternate day with Normal saline solution and lightly bandaged with a mixture of organic Haldi powder and coconut oil. This mode of ethno-veterinary treatment was decided on after Dr. Karma and I realized that healing occurred much
faster this way, as compared to commercial medicated ointment. In order to minimize any potential infections that could have been brought upon by stress related immune-compromisation, the squirrel was put on a prophylactic five day course of Amoxy-clavulanate which was administered twice daily with food. Oral supplementation of Calcium and multi vitamins was also provided similarly.
In about two weeks her feet started showing signs of some movement and sensation, although she was still unable to use her legs. She was then put on a week course of Prednisolone that would facilitate healing of the spinal trauma. She was taken out and placed on the grass lawn every morning for about half an hour in the sun which also allowed her to move around, albeit dragging her hind quarters. She would find a shady spot with long grass where she would start to groom herself. She also started to grow stronger and more aggressive as she put up a fight every time we had to put her back in the box. Handling was always done using a soft towel that covered her head and allowed us to get a hold of her hands. This ensured minimizing her struggling and also prevented her from biting and scratching us (Flying squirrels can inflict deep bites and scratches with strong jaws and sharp claws). Physiotherapy also included letting her walk around while supporting her hip and hind-legs with a towel sling that was held up while she moved around.
As the objective was to rehabilitate the squirrel for life back in the wild, we then started to restrict our own contact with her to a bare minimum. By the fourth week of November, she was moving around on three legs rather effectively so we moved her into an empty
Physiotherapy Magotty tail wound Tail wound post recovery
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spare room with a corner prepared for her to hide in - we kept the carrying crate in for her so that she could hide inside whenever we entered the room or while cleaning. Balls of crushed newspaper and a soft towel were also kept in the room, which she would then drag into the crate and make her nest. Large pieces of fruit – halved apples, a section of banana were kept in on a tray and also in different places around the room which allowed her to move about more and keep her searching instincts alive. We continued to give her a small bowl of Lactogen and Calcium solution along with a separate bowl of water. I also started to bring home wild Bhadrasey fruits from the trees in the zoo and Amla fruits available in Lal Bazar which she seemed to relish. She also seemed to be chewing on the seeds which was good, as Rodent species require hard woody fruit and seeds to keep their permanently growing incisors in good shape and size. Her toilet habits were good although rather scattered and the room required daily cleaning. By the end of November she was able to use both legs to move around, although her hip was still unstable and her hind quarters kept falling to the side when she walked or ran.
In December, we kept a large branch in the room for her so that she could start climbing. We stuck pieces of fruit on the branches, gradually moving them higher up the branch so she would be able to climb to the top and pick off the fruit. Once a week, we restricted the feeding to just water, or one or two
bhadrasey, or even just the seeds. This exercise is also good as it keeps animals from getting habituated to being fed regularly, in a single place especially if it is to be released back to the wild. On 08.01.2017, on examination of her locomotor movements, she was found to be using all limbs very effectively - her hip healed well and her movements were stable. She also had no problems climbing the branch provided and was eating very well. Her defensive instincts had also heightened which would prove useful once released back to the wild.
On 12.01.2017 after a final physical examination and assessment, together with ACF - PWLS, and BO-Fambonghlo Wildlife Sanctuary, we finally released the Flying Squirrel back into the wild above Golitar where it was followed a short distance into the forest to ensure it was able to climb properly. After seeing it climb into a Magnolia tree, the BO and area FGs were instructed to patrol the area for the next few days as well as leave small amounts of fruit on the trees so that the animal would have a steady food source until it acclimatized to its surroundings. This is so far the only successful wildlife rescue, rehabilitation and release attempt that has been completely documented from start to finish.
Enrichment and rehabilitation measures to teach the squirrel to climb and search
for food
Flying Squirrel on makeshift tree for rehabilitation- Enrichment
Recovery crate
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By Usha Lachungpa, Ongden Lepcha and Chewang Tashi Bhutia
Sikkim’s Only Living Fossil Tree: a Potential Heritage Tree Cycas pectinata
Cycas pectinata, locally called THAKAL is a medium-sized tree first discovered by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1826 from NE India.
This tree appeared on earth around 250 million years ago and has remained unchanged. It is aptly called “Living Fossil” due to its antiquity. In Sikkim it is distributed naturally in the wild in low lying areas up to an altitude of 700m. These areas support the maximum human population of Sikkim and already face many threats like forest fires, shortage of water, climate change and some developmental activities. Following un-quantified collection from the wild for horticultural purposes by many agencies over past decades, it is uncertain how widespread or abundant the species remains in Sikkim.
A preliminary search in 2011-12 showed that its status in the wild is possible critically low and urgent plans for its conservation as LIVING FOSSIL HERITAGE OF SIKKIM need to be made.
Description
Cycas pectinata is a dioecious tall palm-like tree with a single trunk (sometimes bifurcated) attaining height of up to 10 ft. The trunk is covered by scars of old leaf bases. Leaves are 4-6 ft long, with many pinnate leaves. Leaves appear at the tip of the trunk. Male plants develop a huge, solitary yellowish-orange cone, at the tip of the trunk. Female plants also develop single cone, but with many seeds borne in it which are fleshy, ovoid and orange–red in colour.
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Surveyed areas
The survey was carried out in East and South district of Sikkim in following areas;
1. Reserve Forests of Kateng, Tumlabung, Khani, Melli
2. Salingey-Bagey Socal Forestry Nursery, Bagey Nursery, Sumbuk, Lower Kateng Hallodey Bhanjyang
Cycas habitat is warm deciduous forest, Shorea robusta Sal (SAKUA) and Phoenix sylvestris Wild Date Palm (also called ‘Thakal’ in Nepali) being the dominant trees. The study areas are biodiversity rich spots at an elevation up to 770 m.
Economic importance & Threats
As per version of local elderly and experienced people consulted, immature tip of female cone is sometimes collected and consumed as salad. Mature male cone is sometimes illegally pruned by plant hunters. Due to attractive nature of the plant, it has been extensively wild harvested from most areas in Sikkim for private gardens and nurseries for ornamental purposes and carries a high price. The surveyed areas showed few wild plants on the forest floor. All were badly hacked and in poor condition. As a result it can be seen that its population in the wild has drastically and critically reduced making any further wild harvesting unsustainable.
Some suggestions for conservation of living fossil tree Cycas pectinata:
a. Road widening activities need to be continuously monitored to protect the trees left behind while rescuing the important and interesting epiphytes such as orchids and other species on the trees and ground vegetation such as valuable shrubs, climbers and trees like Cycas pectinata
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b. Couple of Cycas trees located on fringe of Salingey Nursery already damaged and surviving tenuously near highly disturbed area need to be immediately protected.
c. Survival of a couple of Cycas trees in RF above Bagey Nursery needs to be confirmed and protection ensured.
d. Young Cycas planted at Melli Checkpost and other Forest Checkposts and existing Cycas trees in Melli FRH campus badly in need of attention need to be granted special focus for conservation.
e. One old female Cycas tree was seen at Melli Bazar on edge of road in private campus, but since the road widening we might have lost her if she has not been translocated elsewhere.
f. All Cycas trees across the state are vulnerable to wild harvesting and may be declared protected immediately.
g. Potential Cycas Conservation Reserve: Kateng Forest is perhaps the last stronghold of wild Cycas in Sikkim and may be declared as Cycas Conservation Area or Cycas Conservation Reserve in order to conserve this Living Fossil Tree Heritage of Sikkim. Kateng Reserve Forest needs to be designated as a Cycas Conservation Reserve, which will be the second in Sikkim after that for
conservation of endangered Orchid Paphiopedilum fairrieanum at Tinkitam, South Sikkim.
h. Mr. Mangal Raj Subba Mali: Bagey Nursery is perhaps the best located and important nursery of the department harbouring many valuable saplings and trees as well as rescued Orchids. It was managed efficiently by Mr. Mangal Raj Subba Mali since 1980; his services need to be recognized perhaps through appropriate Award during State functions.
i. Efforts of Mr. Puran Giri of NGO Indreni Pariwar, Sumbuk in propagating the Living Fossil Tree Cycas on his land need to be recognized and his plants used for in-situ propagation in selected Conservation Reserve for this species.
j. Mr. Ongden Lepcha Range Officer: Over this period he is the only forester deeply interested in Cycas conservation and responsible for the survey that highlighted its threatened status in the wild. His efforts need to be recognized by the Government perhaps through appropriate Award during State functions.
k. Potential Heritage Tree: Cycas pectinata needs to be urgently recognized as Living Fossil Heritage Tree of Sikkim and added to list of PROPOSED HERITAGE TREES OF SIKKIM.
Male and female trees of Cycas pectinata with seed-bearing cones
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THE LHOnaK LaKE EXPEdITIOn 2016
By Karma Choden BhutiaDFO (Wildlife) [email protected]
ABOUT LHONAK VALLEYLhonak Valley is an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area with IBA Site Code: IN-SK-06. It is also a potential Snow Leopard landscape in the North West corner of the state. The valley is grassland in the exposed river valley of Goma Chu with boggy marshes, glacial lakes, barren slopes and glaciers. Goma Chu which rises in North and South Lhonak glaciers runs across the valley to join Zema Chu, a glacier at the southern end of the valley as is the Green Lake. It flows south till it joins the Teesta.
The Lhonak valley remains cut off from the rest of the country for more than eight months of the year. The only access to Lhonak is the high and treacherous Lungnak La Pass, almost 5000 metres asl. The lone village of Muguthang lies in the valley with about eight Dokpa families who graze yaks mostly.
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VEGETATIONThe landscape has immense flora diversity with species like Gentiana ornate, Cyananthus sp., Euphorbia sp.,Potentila sp., Saxifraga sp., Pedicularis megalantha, Anaphelis sp., Meconopsis sp., Cotonester microphyllus, etc.Many of the floras still need to be documented. The yak dung adds generous amount of nutrition of the soil as most plants were seen germinating from these dungs in such harsh climatic conditions.
Gentiana ornate Saxifraga sp. Pedicularis megalantha
AVIFAUNALhonak Valley is the famed flyway of migratory waterfowl (Ali 1962). Many vulnerable and Biome-5 restricted species breed here such as the Tibetan Snowcock Tetraogallus tibetanus, Blacknecked Crane, the Tibetan Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes tibetanus, the Güldenstädt’s Redstart Phoenicurus erythrogaster, the Hume’s Groundpecker Pseudopodoces humilis. Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni has been infrequently recorded from this valley during the course of the Alpine Grassland Ecology Project of BNHS from 2000-2003 (U. Lachungpa pers. comm. 2003). In addition there were assemblages of different birds like Alpine Accentor, Hoopoe, Robin Accentor, Brandts Mountain Finch, Rufous-breasted Accentor, White wagtail, Horned Lark and Common Stonechat.
Guldenstadts Redstart
Horned Lark
Alpine Accentor
Robin Accentor
Groundpecker
Brandts Mountain Finch
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Blue Sheep Himalayan Marmot Wild Yak
FAUNAMammalian fauna includes Snow Leopard Unciauncia, Blue Sheep Pseudoisnayaur, Tibetan Wolf Canis lupus chanco, Tibetan Fox Vulpes vulpes, Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica, Woolly Hare Lepus oiostolus and Himalayan Marmot Marmota himalayana Sikkim Snow Toad Scutiger sp., paerhaps the highest altitude amphibian, is found in almost all lakes and waterbodies of the Goma Chu Valley (U. Lachungpa 2003).
There were indirect sightings of animals like Tibetan fox and Tibetan wolf (scats) and pugmarks of a sub-adult Snow Leopard. Blue sheep, Himalayan marmot, Siberian Weasel and Wild Yaks could be sighted directly. According to personal communication with the local Dokpa families, animal sightings are frequent.
LHONAK LAKE & ITS THREAT
South Lhonak glacial lake, located in the extreme North-western parts of Sikkim, is one of the fastest growing lakes in Sikkim Himalaya. The lake is fast increasing in its size in an extremely abnormal way due to the melting of the South Lhonak glacier attached with the lake and addition melt water from adjoining North Lhonak glacier and main Lhonak glacier. The abnormal growth of the volume of the lake is a great concern in terms of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF). The study of past satellite data of Lhonak glacier lake area revealed that the area of the lake has increased from 18 ha or 180,000 m2 in 1976 to 126 ha or 1,260,000 m2 in 2013.The increase in the area has been rapid at an approximate rate of 25,000 m2 to 35,000 m2 per year from 1976 to 2011. With this, the lake became one of the longest and largest lake within the territory of Sikkim. The lake was formed on the loose glacial moraines debris brought down by the South Lhonak glacier. This enormous growth on loose moraines within the short period of time makes it one of the vulnerable lakes in Sikkim in terms of glacial hazard (NMSHE data). South Lhonak Lake and Lhonak Glacier
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LHONAK LAKE EXPEDITION 2016The team comprised of officials and staffs from the Forest Department, Land Revenue and Disaster Management Department, Water Resources and Irrigation Department, Mines and Geology Department and Department of Science and Technology, Army personnel and ITBP. It was a 15 days expedition in the month of September 2016. This work was a follow up of the initial works carried by State Climate Change Cell under Sikkim State Council, DST. It was a short term mitigation measure taken up to siphon water from the lake to reduce the water to a level that would reduce the chances of GLOF.
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WORKS UNDERTAKEN
Pic: Initial Works, Collection of Data, Setting Up of Instrument by DST
Pic: Setting Up of Instrument by DST & Fitting/Laying Of High Density Pipes
Pic (SonamWangchuk): Siphoning of Water through the Pipes
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PRESENT STATUS:The lake was visited after three months by a team from SECMOL in the month of December 2016 to check if all the instruments were functioning and to ensure siphoning of water from the pipes. The work at present is being monitored jointly by State Climate Change Cell under Sikkim State Council, DST and Land Revenue and Disaster Management Department.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:I consider myself lucky to be a part of Lhonak Lake Expedition 2016. I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to PCCF-cum- Principal Secretary, Dr. Thomas Chandy and Shri. C.S. Rao, CCF (T)/ CWLW, Shri. N. W. Tamang, CF (W/L) and Mrs. Usha Lachungpa , Pr. Chief Research Officer for allowing me to undertake the expedition. I extend my sincere gratitude to officials from Department of Land Revenue & DM, Water Resources & River Dev., Science & Tech. and CC and Mines, Minerals and Geology and Mr. SonamWangchuk and his team, SECMOL, Ladakh for accompanying us throughout the exercise. Lastly, I want to thank my Forest team of SonamGyatsoLepcha, Jigme Bhutia and Bee TsheringLachenpa for accompanying me and making the trip as the most memorable one.
REFERENCESAli, S. (1962). The Birds of Sikkim. Oxford University Press, Madras.
Anonymous (2003) Sikkim State Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan.Department of Forests, Environment and Wildlife, Govt. of Sikkim.Pp. 104.Ganguli-Lachungpa, U. (1998)
Avifauna of trans-Himalayan and alpine grasslands in Sikkim, India. In: Birds of Wetlands and Grasslands: Proceedings of the Salim Ali Centenary Seminar, 1996 (eds. Rahmani, A. R. and Ugra, G.). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. pp 196-207.
A paper just published in Current Science by K. Babu Govindha Raj1, S.N. Remya and K. Vinod Kumar reports on this lake expanding by 1.9 km due to glacier retreat from 1962-2008.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhonak_RiverPICS: Karma Choden Bhutia
CLEANLINESS DRIVE IN SHINGBA RHODODENDRON SANCTUARYFebruary 19, 2017: North Wildlife Division carried out a cleanliness drive in Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary with support of Territorial staffs (Lachung)and GREF.
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national awards to Sikkim Schools for Green actions
Three Sikkim Schools Conferred with CSE’s Gobar Times Green Schools
Award 2016-17 at New DelhiBased on the country-wide assessment of Green Schools Environment Audit Programme2016-17coordinated in the State by ENVIS Centre of the State Forest Department in collaboration with the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), New Delhi, CSE in its annual awards giving ceremony held at Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 15th of February, 2017 has conferred upon Sikkim Schools three awards under different categories. The awards which included Green Leaf Crystal Trophies and GSP Certificates were presented by Shri Prakash Javadekar, Hon’ble Union Minister for Human Resourse Development, Government of India and Ms. SunitaNarain, Director General, CSE. The school awardees from Sikkim are as under;
Rank 8th (TOP 10 Green School of India – 2016-17): Government Secondary School, Aho-Shanti, East Sikkim
Air Warriors (Best Green School for performance in Air Management at School – 2016-17) : Government Jr. High School, Raley, East Sikkim
Energy Efficient (Best Green School for performance in Energy Management at School – 2016-17) : Government Sr. Secondary School, Hee-Yangthang, West Sikkim
CSE’s Green School awardees from Sikkim so far:
Read more onhttp://www.greenschoolsprogramme.org/
The above schools have brought about positive change in the schools environment in terms of practices followed to improve the quality/ usage/ sustainability of Land, Air, Water, Energy and Waste resources.
Year Schools Name (Award Category)2007 Govt. Sec. School, Daramdin, West Sikkim (Water)2010 Govt. Sec. School, Reshi, West Sikkim (Top 10)
Govt. Sec. School, Linkey, East Sikkim (Air)Govt. Sec. School, Namcheybong, East Sikkim (Energy)
2011 Govt. Sec. School, Middle Camp, East Sikkim (Top 10 )Govt. Sec. School, Lower Samdong, East Sikkim (Top 10)
2012 Govt. Sec. School, Dentam, West Sikkim (1st Rank)Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Deorali, East Sikkim (2nd Rank) Govt. Sec. School, Tingley, South Sikkim (4th Rank )
2013 Govt. Sec. School, Penlong, East Sikkim (2nd Rank in NS)Govt. Sec. School, Tingley, South Sikkim (2nd Rank in CM)
2014 Govt. Girls’ Sr. Sec. School, Namchi, South Sikkim (NS)Govt. Sec. School, Lower Samdong, East Sikkim (CM)
2015 Govt. Sec. School, Lingdong, North Sikkim (4th Rank)Govt. JHS, Mangzing, South Sikkim (8th Rank)Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Gyalshing, West Sikkim
2016 Govt. Sec. School, Aho-Shanti, East Sikkim (8th Rank)Govt. JHS, Raley, East Sikkim (Air)Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Hee-Yangthang, West (Energy)
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Awardee of Chief Minister’s Green School Rolling Trophy 2016, Swachh Vidhyala Puraskar (State) 2016, National GSP Awards 2015-16.
The Green StorySonam Choda Lepcha Memorial Government Secondary School, Lingdong, north Sikkim
Lingdong, a small village, located at Upper Dzongu provides an institution for the teeming learners of the area in the form of Sonam Choda Lepcha Memorial Secondary School. The school was established in 1957 in the name of Lingdong Pry School. It is just 7 km away from North District headquarter Mangan.
Herbal GardenThe first initiative of the school was the creation of the Herbal Garden in the year of 2015. Here we find a variety of locally available herbs planted by the students and teachers. The name of the herbs and its usages have been documented with the help of locally available knowledgeable persons thereby motivating students for its protection and conservation.
Some Good and Innovative Practices of the School Eco-Club are as under:
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Green HouseLearning by doing has been given great emphasis in the school. Bearing this in mind a Green House was set up in the school premise in the year 2016 with the help of students, teachers, SMC members and through community service of the village.
By now the students have a sound knowledge of activities carried out in the Green House. They take care of growing organic vegetables mostly tomatoes in the Green House. We have sold 300 Kg of tomatoes in the year 2016 and in addition have been using the organic produce for student’s Mid Day Meal (MDM). The revenue generated during 2016 was utilized for school annual day prizes and the savings were utilized to sponsor 40 students to watch Dhokbu (Lepcha film) which was screened at Vajra cinema hall in Gangtok.
This year (2017), a new Green House has been constructed covering a much wider area and the school positively looks forward for a more productive seasons ahead. The tomatoes being grown this year too are continuously supplied to MDM to be fed with vegetables.
Cardamom plantation
In order to promote bird watching and aware students and local people to conserve and protect the avifaunal wealth of the locality, eco-club students have installed five bird nests at the school and its surroundings. The students have been keeping vigil on these nests and also taking pleasure of bird watching.
Keeping in view the significance of organic farming, the school has also undertaken cardamom plantation activity in the school premises.
The school procured about 7000 cardamom saplings from West Sikkim and planted them on the eve of World Environment Day in the year 2016. It covered land area of 0.087 acres.
The school looks after the nurturing of the saplings and aims to provide cardamom saplings multiplied from the first plantation by the year 2018.
Bird Nest at School:
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School Nursery Yojana 2017 With a grant-in-aid of Rs. 25000/- provided by the Ministry of Forest, Environment and Climate Change, Government of India, the school has started implementing the scheme “School Nursery Yojana” in 2017. In this regard the forest department of Dzongu, North Sikkim has extended support for setting up of nursery in an area of 100 sq. metre within the school premise. The school has planted more than 2000 deferent varieties of flowering, non flowering and ornamental plants. The saplings being raised from this nursery will be planted in the school and its surroundings for beautification. Through this programme, school children have been greatly benefitted through hands in action and been local experts of one kind.
Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyaan It has been aptly quoted by Mahatma Gandhi “Cleanliness is more important than Independence”
Following the footsteps of the mission ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan’ the school has initiated Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan, which has been included in the school curriculum since 2015. The time allotted for the Abhiyan is from 9:00 AM to 09:15 AM every day before the bell rings for the morning assembly.
In this regard, plastic materials are banned in the school premises. The school also follows the waste management process wherein the students collect all the non-degradable waste materials found in and around the school campus, washes them and dries them. Further, they cut them into smaller pieces to transform them into useful items like cushions, pillows, etc. Degradable wastes are composted for manure.
Yoga is being practiced every Wednesday since 2015. This practice has developed and improved the mindset of students and teachers creating a healthy working and learning environment in the school.
Yoga Day every Wednesday!
One of the students Miss Lyangmit Lepcha was also selected in the Yoga Olympiad in the National Level in 2016.
Stakeholder’s Consultation Workshop held for Preparation of
State of Environment Report
Sikkim -2016
ENVIS Centre at Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim in collaboration with the Development
Alternatives, New Delhi organized a stakeholder’s consultation workshop for the preparation of State of Environment (SoE) Report 2016 for Sikkim on 20/04/2017 at Forest Conference Hall, Deorali, Gangtok.
The workshop chaired by Dr. Thomas Chandy, Principal Secretary –cum- PCCF and Dr. M. Salahuddin, Scientist ‘F’ from the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India was participated by the senior officers from several government departments, institutions, NGOs and senior officers from the Forest department.
The main objective of the workshop was to share the draft of State of Environment Report for Sikkim,
and further incorporate comments, suggestions and recommendations from various stakeholders. This workshop was held as a follow up of the inception workshop held during July 2015.
The basic aim of this reporting process is to bring out an overview of the environmental scenario of the State for mainstreaming environment in policy and decision making. It is anticipated that through SoE report, State Government would be able to integrate environmental dimensions in their socio-economic planning for sustainable development.
The State of Environment Report Sikkim 2016 will be the second edition, the first was published in 2007. The report is expected to be published later in the 2017.
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Barsey Rhododendron SanctuaryRich Biological diversity in West Sikkim, India
Sanjyoti Subba*, Anjana Pradhan, Nimesh Chamling and Sumitra Nepal
JICA-Assisted Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP), Department of Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim, Gangtok
*Corresponding [email protected]
Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary located in the West District of Sikkim, established in 1998, occupies an area of 104 km2 sharing its border with Nepal in
the west and West Bengal in the south over the Rambong Khola in the Singalila Range (Photo 1). The altitudinal gradient of 2200–4100 m asl provides a wide range of topography leading to various forest types viz., sub-tropical moist deciduous forest (2200–2400 m), wet temperate forest (2400–2700 m), moist temperate forest (2700–3250 m), sub-alpine forest (3200–4000 m) and alpine meadows (>4000 m) as mentioned by Sharma (2001). The sanctuary harbours over dozen of rhododendron species, pure patches of Lithocarpus pachyphylla and many epiphytes, climbers, ferns and fern-allies, moss and lichens. Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary is a biologically diverse sanctuary and famous for its rhododendron stand which blooms usually between April and May. The climate is wet and cold which is highly favorable for the growth of rhododendrons. July is the wettest month of the year and temperature is not less than 17°C. According to the In-charge of BRS, Mr. Samden Sherpa, Hilley gives the best view of sunrise while Barsey gives a splendid
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view of Mt. Kanchendzonga, Mt. Pandim and Mt. Sinolchu, etc., which becomes more picturesque between October and November. The sanctuary is also home to many faunal species, viz., Red panda, Wild Boar, Himalayan Black Bear, Barking Deer, Serow, etc. Barsey is famous for habitat of Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) which is the State Animal of Sikkim. The dense forests of Lithocarpus pachyphylla provides shelter as well as abundant fruits and as such are good indicators of faunal presence and richness (Photo 2 & 3). Photo 1: Entry point of Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary
Photo 4: Sun rise view from Hilley, West Sikkim
Photo 2 & 3: Spotted Laughing Thrush and Verditer Flycatcher
RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY
Rapid biodiversity survey was conducted along Hilley–Barsey–Sano Dhaap–Thulo Dhaap– Kalijhar–Phoktay Dara–Chitray–Chewabhanjyang–Uttarey trekking route (ca. 40 km) in proximity to the Singalila Ridge. From Hilley to Chewabhanjyang, 33 random sampling plots were laid. We covered the temperate rhododendron forest, temperate coniferous forest and sub-alpine zone between 2700 m and 3600 m asl.This Sanctuary can be reached from three separate points, viz., Hilley, Dentam and Soreng and this work commenced from Hilley which is the main entry point for Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary. Barsey is only four and a half km distance from this point. Hilley is a beautiful place with a variety of rhododendron and a magnificent mountain view. Early morning, we can effortlessly see the mesmerizing beauty of sun rising along with colorful birds singing in the background (Photo 4).
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Map: Rapid Biodiversity Survey sites along Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary sampling path
Additionally, avifauna were encountered, viz., Spotted Laughing Thrush, Himalayan Large-Billed Crow and many other birds were seen during the survey, and the calls of birds were identified and recorded by the local guide. The vegetation from Hilley to Barsey is a trail of rhododendron diversity flowering along with many other medicinal plant species like Paris polyphylla, reed-bamboo, oaks and Primula species. The pure patches of Lithocarpus pachyphylla species were inventoried with Rhododendron arboreum (pinkish-rose and rosy-red forms). The rhododendron species available between Hilley and Barsey are Rhododendron arboreum var. arboreum, R. griffithianum, R. falconeri and R. grande along 2700–2800 m asl. Amongst these, R. arboreum (both pinkish-rose and rosy-red forms) has a broad range of distribution and was observed up to 3400 m asl at Kalijhar top (Phoktay Dara) along the trail (Photo 5). Worldwide, this R. arboreum is also distributed along 1500–3800 m asl from Pakistan to SE Tibet in the Himalayas (www.eFloras.org).
Photo 5: Rhododendron arboreum in flowers at Kalijhar top (3400 m asl)
It is also an indicator of keystone species which is widely distributed from temperate forest to temperate coniferous forest along with many tree species viz., Lithocarpus pachyphylla, Betula utilis, Magnolia campbellii, Acer sp., R. falconeri, etc. The common shrubs which were inventoried during the entire sampling plots were Viburnum erubescens, Daphne cannabina, Rosa sericea, Berberis sp., etc.
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Photo 6: Rhododendron arboreum floret at 3600 m asl
R. arboreum has high medicinal properties. The flower is used to cure tonsillitis, cough and cold. Common local belief is that the flower petal is used when fish bones get stuck in throat. After blooming, the petals fall in the ground and these are used to make wine and alcoholic beverages. It is in high demand in local market fetching Rs. 300 per bottle of wine and Rs. 200 per bottle of Raksi (local millet brew) which is considered beneficial for health too. The juice of the flower is used in the treatment of menstrual disorders (Photo 6).
Barsey is not only famous for rhododendron but also for nature lovers owing to its rich biological diversity, beautiful view of landscape and for birds and butterflies too. As per the forest record, most of the visitors especially the local people usually trek up to Barsey and only 5% international tourists visit the area up to Singalila Ridge. At Barsey, we found the prized rhododendron species, viz., Rhododendron barbatum (Vulnerable status under IUCN) and pure stand of Rhododendron falconeri (Photo 7 & 8).
Rhododendron arboreum, R. barbatum and R. falconeri are widely distributed along the sampling path. Next morning, we started our trek from Barsey to Sano Dhaap which is approximately 12 km stretch. On the way, we laid random sampling plots and inventorised the plant species enjoying the beautiful rhododendron flowers, beautiful landscape and the virgin undisturbed forest.The prominent rhododendron species available between Barsey and Sano Dhaap are Rhododendron falconeri and R. arboreum along with Lithocarpus pachyphylla, Symplocos theifolia, Magnolia campbellii with shrub species like Vibrunum erubescens, Daphne cannabina and Ilex sp. which are most prominent at 2835 m asl. Sano Dhaap or Deonigale Dhaap is famous for the reed-bamboo which is called as Sinarundinaria macrophylla (locally called “Deonigale”) and widely distributed in Barsey trekking route in West Sikkim
(Photo 9). In Sikkim, this bamboo is found only in Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary at Deonigale Dhaap. It has high medicinal property where the smoke of leaves is used during headache and common cold as worked out by National Bamboo Mission, H&CCDD, Govt. of Sikkim.
Photo 7 & 8: Rhododendron barbatum and Rhododendron falconeri
Photo 9: Deonigale bamboo at Sano-Dhaap
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Sinarundinaria macrophylla is densely tufted, shrubby bamboo, culm-sheaths deciduous, 10-11 cm long, leaves 5-10 cm long, leaf sheaths 4 cm long striate, ending above into narrow ciliate callus. The barking deer was sighted at the Sano Dhaap area which is the habitat of Sinuarundina macrophylla.
Next morning above Sano Dhaap–Thulo Dhaap, the first epiphytic rhododendron species were recorded along 2810 m asl, latitude 27°13’48.5” & longitude 88°05’17.8”. This was Rhododendron dalhousieae coming up on the common shrub Vibrunum erubescens and also on Magnolia campbellii, Acer sp., and Rhododendron falconeri. Similarly, in FambongLho Wildlife Sanctuary, this species is distributed along 1900–2000 m attached to the oak species and also reported at Bulbuley Reserve forest, East Sikkim.
Next morning, our destination was to reach Kalijhar from Thulo-Dhaap, on reaching elevation at 3000 m asl, temperate broadleaved forest plant species is replaced by temperate coniferous tree species, viz., Abies densa, Magnolia campbellii, Betula sp. The most pure habitat of Rhododendron barbatum, R. arboreum, R. hodgsonii were recorded along with other tree species such as Lithocarpus pachyphylla, Tsuga dumosa, Acer campbellii.
Most of the tourists, especially tourists from abroad take this route to reach the Singalila Range. On the way from Sano-Dhaap, there is different trek route that leads to Singalila range via Phalut & Sandakphu and another one is from Kalijhar via Chewabhanjang-Uttarey. The Singalila range which contains the Singalila National park is situated on the western side of the BRS and acts as the international border for Nepal and India (West Bengal; Photo 10).
Photo 10: Overview of Singalila Range along the trail
On reaching the higher elevation, Magnolia campbellii, Rhododendron falconeri and Rhododendron arboreum are widely distributed with Acer pectinatum and Acer palmatum. The seedling emergences of many species are very high as compared to other sanctuary. That means regeneration process in the forest is much higher for future plant communities and for healthy forest ecosystem. Magnolia campbellii was found in full bloom. Patches of Gaultheria nummularioides are commonly encountered which densely covers the ground surface along the trekking route. Vaccinium species is epiphytic in nature and was found to favour the R. arboreum tree. With increase in elevation, R. arboreum is seen in two colors of petals blooming i.e., pink rose and red form covering the entire forest making it look like an ocean of rhododendron flowers (Photo 11).
Photo 11: View of flowering Rhododendron arboreum along the sampling path
The scrub species, viz., Gaultheria nummularioides is widely distributed along the entire path and herbs along with Fragaria nubicola, Voila sp., Hemiphragma heterophyllum, Sambucus sp., Rubus sp., Primula sp., etc. Rhododendron hodgsonii which was in full bloom was most widely distributed between 3000 m and 3400 m asl with scrub like Berberis sp., Rhododendron lepidotum was found in its vegetative stage; most common shrubs Viburnum erubescens and Daphne cannabina were also in full bloom.
Many beautiful avians can be encountered on the way to Kalijhar. In Rhododendron hodgsonii forest, we spotted the state bird of Sikkim, the Blood Pheasant, both male and female, at 3352 m asl (Photo 12 & 13). This area has a dense presence of R. hodgsonii as well as Abies densa, Viburnum erubescens, Daphne cannabina, Rosa sericea, Spiraea bella, etc.
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Photo 12: Sighting of Blood Pheasant (male) at 3352 m asl
Photo 13: Sighting of Blood Pheasant (female) at 3352 m asl.
At the point of Kalijhar, we came across the tree line. Within rhododendron variety, the two species i.e., Rhododendron hodgsonii & Rhododendron lepidotum were found in patches. Some of the rhododendron species are in vegetative stage and was difficult to identify. Scrubs of Berberis species were distributed in the entire area and also the herb, Cirsium sp. was found in plenty.
Photo 14: Rhododendronhodgsonii along the sampling path
Above Kalijhar, there is a small hillock, the Phoktey Dara, which is the viewpoint for Singalila Range. Phoktey Dara is a rocky and windy place and Cirsium species was also recorded from here. Chewabhanjang is the end point and there is an international border between India and Nepal. Somewhat similar vegetation was recorded in and around the Chewabhanjang surrounding (Table 1).
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Table 1: Checklist of Tree species encountered in Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary
SN Botanical name Local name Family Altitudinal Distribution (m asl)
IUCN/Regional Status
1 AbiesdensaGriffith. ex Parker Gobrey salla Pinaceae 2800- 3700 LC2 AcercampbelliiHook. & Thom. ex Hiern Kapasay Aceraceae 1800-2700 NA3 Acerpalmatum Kapasay Aceraceae 2500- 3000 NA4 AcerpectinatumWall. ex Nicholson Lekh kapasay Aceraceae 2300-3700 NA5 BetulautilisDon Bhojpatra Betulaceae 2500-3800 LC6 Lithocarpuspachyphylla(Kurtz.) Rehder Sungurey katus Fagaceae 1800-2700 NA7 Machilussp. Kawlo Lauraceae 1500-2100 NA8 MaddeniahimalaicaHook.f.&Thom. Rosaceae 2400-3000 NA9 MagnoliacampbelliiHook. f. & Thom. Ghogey champ Magnoliaceae 2400-3100 LC10 Rhododendronarboreum(CB Clarke) Ridley. Lali gurans Ericaceae 1800-3600 NA11 RhododendronbarbatumWall. ex G. Don Lal chimal Ericaceae 3000-3700 Vulnerable12 RhododendrondalhousieaeHook.f.&Thom. Lahare Chimal Ericaceae 1500-2500 NA13 RhododendronfalconeriHook. f Khorlinga Ericaceae 2700-3000 NA14 RhododendrongrandeWight Patley khorlinga Ericaceae 2000-3000 NA15 RhododendrongriffithianumWight Seto Chimal Ericaceae 1800-3200 NA16 RhododendronhodgsoniHook. f Khorlinga Ericaceae 3000-4000 NA17 Sorbussp. Lekpasi Rosaceae 2700-5400 NA18 Symplocostheifolia Kharanay Symplocaceae 1900-2500 NA19 Tsugadumosa(D. Don) Eichler Tengre salla Pinaceae 2500-3000 LC
NA -Not Assessed, LC -Least Concern
IMPORTANCE OF BARSEY RHODODENDRON SANCTUARY
Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary is in-situ conservation of genetic resources in natural population is the process of protecting the endangered plant and animal species in its natural habitat. According to our observation, we could suggest five important aspects of Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary:
1. Over a dozen of rhododendron species (with one under Vulnerable status of IUCN, i.e., Rhododendron barbatum) found in this area.
2. State Animal, Red Panda, Habitat.
3. State Bird, Blood Pheasant, Habitat.
4. Reed-bamboo Deonigale (Sinuarundinaria macrophylla) Habitat.
5. Best trekking route for Singalila Range.
CONCLUSION
There are two protected areas for the rhododendrons in Sikkim where Barsey is one of them which has rich biodiversity and less anthropogenic footprint as compared to the Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary. The BRS forest community appears to be categorically rich in number of tree and shrub species compared to the Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary. Seedling emergence is very high under the canopy and also all over the trail. This shows good regeneration potential for next generation providing a natural balance for the prevailing ecosystem. The species composition of forest depends on the regeneration of species in the forest. There are several indications presented by the present study in terms of conservation that must be addressed almost every time for the sustainability of nature and natural resources and the first concern is the anthropogenic disturbances.
Mt. Everest at the backgroundas viewed from Kalijhar (Phoktay Dara), near Chiwabhanjang, Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary, West SikkimPhoto: Rajen Pradhan
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AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors are grateful to JICA-assisted Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP) of Department of Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management, Govt. of Sikkim for providing the necessary facilities and encouragement. We would also like to thank Dr. Thomas Chandy, IFS PCCF-cum-Principal Secretary & Chief Project Director and Mr. C. S. Rao, IFS CCF cum Project Director, Mr. Udai Gurung, IFS Additional Project
Director-II, Mrs. Kusum Gurung, SFS DFO (BC), Ms. Angel O. Chettri, SFS ACF(BC). Thanks to survey team (Biodiversity Conservation), Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project.
References
Sharma, T. R. (2001). Eco-Development of Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary (Unpublished). Department of Forests, Environment and Wildlife, Government of Sikkim.
Phoktay Dara, West Sikkim
What could have been much exciting than to relish the fresh air at a hillock with splendid sunrise, lucid blue sky and the majestic view of snowcapped world’s highest mountain peaks Mt Everest (Nepal) and Mt. Khangchendzonga (Sikkim, India) together.
Well, I must refer to the technical guidance of Mr. Nagendra Rizal, Range Officer (KNP) West for letting me have this eternal memory of splendid days of my first ever nature trek! Over the years, I have been advocating actions for the mother earth but never had this opportunity until then to explore nature at the wild. Needed a break from the office environment and I set myself for a short nature trek befittingly accompanied by my closest family members.
Far away from the hustle of concrete city life, it was amazing to feel the chill breeze amidst pristine forest, whistling springs, charming birds and mesmerizing landscape of hills and mountain peaks. Top of the World!
Our trek started from Uttarey village in West Sikkim at around 9 AM. We set on foot with thirteen member team including two porters and a guide. We steadily ascended towards Chewabhanjang (10,000ft), our desired base camp, though we halted at several places for a breather and quick snack at Chitre SSB Camp. The 10 Km steep trail took us almost seven hours to reach our desired camp as most of us were experiencing a rather pleasant fatigue of first ever high altitude trek. We had all time in the world and the company of family and friends made our first trek more splendid. The trail was clean and devoid of any plastic litter and we ensured that all our wastes were carried back. We reached Chewanbhanjang at 4 PM. Thanks to the generosity of border police and SSB for letting us set camps and also for providing blankets as it was -3 0C sleep under the windy though star-filled bright sky. Some of us had to board the tourist lodge as well. It was rather fun and learning experience for us, so few shortcomings and inconvenience hardly mattered.
Mt. Everest at the background
December 28-29, 2016Rajen Pradhan, Sr. Programme Officer (ENVIS)
Nature Trek to
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Real challenge was yet to come. We set off early morning at 4 AM from Chewabhanjan to Phoktay Dara. At dawn, very cold and windy, the 3 km steep rocky trail with ascent to 12000ft, we really had to gasp for air and energy, though our guide was very acquainted and patiently waited for us. At last when we reached the hill top, our anxiety and emotions killed all our fatigue of being in thin air.
We were blessed indeed with a magnificent sunrise that first lit the Mt. Everest and then Mt. Khangchendzonga and other peaks on the Singalila Range in sequence. The proximity of these mountains made us feel astonishingly amazed as the splendor was beyond our wildest imaginations.
We spent about two hours at Phoktay Dara, offered our prayers to the holy mountain, our guardian deity and had priceless fun with photo sessions. Our descent was very quick and it took just three hours back to Uttarey from Chewabhanjang. Cheers!!
Mt. Khangchendzonga at the background
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February 16, 2017: As an important step in considering the significance of 2017 being the UN Year of Sustainable Tourism, Sikkim Ecotourism Directorate under the JICA assisted Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project being implemented by the State Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management Department organized a Conclave on Innovation and Progress of Ecotourism in Sikkim on the 16th of February, 2017 at Sidkeong Tulku Forest Conference Hall, Deorali, Gangtok. The conclave was organized as a follow up of the familiarization tour undertaken by both local and visiting tour operators to four Ecotourism Zones, namely, Lingdok – Pangthang, Okharey, Kitam and East Pendam.
Attended by over hundred participants representing local tourism stakeholders, tour operators from Sikkim and a team of twelve tour operators from other States such as Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and West Sikkim, the conclave gave an excellent opportunity to the participants to come under one roof with an idea to converge, deliberate, share and learn about different facets of tourism and ecotourism in Sikkim’s context and imbibe values of sustainable tourism principles and practices.
The inaugural session of this day long programme was graced by the State Tourism Minister Shri Ugen T. GyatsoBhutia as the chief guest. Formal opening of the conclave was conveyed by the State Forest Minister Shri T. W. Lepcha in presence of Secretary for Tourism and Civil Aviation Department Shri C. Zangpo, Chief Conservator of Forests Shri C. S. Rao, Director for Ecotourism Shri J. B. Subba and other officers from the host department. The President of Travel Agent Association of Sikkim (TAAS) Shri Palzor Lachungpa also presented keynote address on the role of TAAS in promoting tourism industry of the State through sustainable practices.
Conclave on Innovation and Progress of ecotourism in sikkim
March 19, 2017: With the objective of encouraging people to participate in conservation of Orchids in the Himalayan region and to develop an alternate means of livelihood, the customary annual Sikkim Flower Show Competition 2017 was held at the Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal Memorial Park, Gangtok on the 19th of March 2017. The competitive flower exhibits on was inaugurated by the Honourable Chief Minister Shri. Pawan Chamling. Also present during the occasion was Shri. Somnath Poudyal, Minister and Shri. Phintso Chopel, Parliamentary Secretary along with Heads of Department and other officers. The prize money for the winners was jointly sponsored by the Department of Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim and Sikkim Flower Show Committee.The Competition was held in two main categories as follows:• Division A: (Special Division) - “Sikkim Flower Festival
Orchid Award 2017”• Division B: Display of species orchid minimum 50 speciesThe winners of the above two categories are as under:1. Division A: “Display of 50 pots Cymbidium Hybrids 1st Prize: Rs 1,00,000/- Shri. Karma Tempa and Sangay Tsering
Bhutia of Pakyong 2nd Prize: Rs 50,000/- Darjeeling G. Lowianum Orchid Society,
Pokhriabung 3rd Prize: Rs 30,000/- Shri. Prem Kumar Dahal, Namcheybung,
Naibutar 4th Prize: Rs 25,000/- Shri. Kumar Yonzon, Pakyong 5th Prize: Rs.10,000/- Shri. Karma Bhutia and Samten Dorjee
Gurung, Pakyong2. Division B: Species Orchid 50 different species 1st Prize: Rs 35,000/- Shri. Sangay Gyampo Bhutia, Karthok 2nd Prize: Rs 25,000/- Tie between Shri. Samten Dorjee Gurung
and Shri. Tenzing Ongchu Sherpa 3rd Prize: Rs 15,000/- Shri. Karma Bhutia and Shri. Bhim
Bahadur Subba of Karthok, Pakyong 4th Prize: Rs 10,000/- Smt. Dhan Maya Gurung, South Karthok 5th Prize: Rs. 6000/- Shri.Bikram Chettri, Namcheybung 6th Prize: Rs. 5000/- Shri. Arjun Subba of Pakyong
The Customary Annual sikkim Flower show Competition 2017
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Ecotourism Zones in Sikkim
The Directorate of Ecotourism under the Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management Department has identified and demarcated 11
areas in Sikkim as ecotourism zones. Further the State Government of Sikkim has approved and notified them as ecotourism zones to be developed under JICA assisted Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP). These ecotourism zones are considered to be the core intervention areas and through structured interventions they will be developed as model ecotourism areas during the project period.
In terms of the geographical coverage, the selected ecotourism zones are spread across all the 4 districts of the state. The map representation indicates the list of ecotourism zones being selected and developed under the ecotourism component of SBFP. During the course of the project period, the project will extend support to the selected ecotourism zones in the areas of product & package development, training and capacity building, stakeholder partnership & departmental convergence, infrastructure development, promotion & marketing and solid waste management system.
NAMPONG LINGDOK ECOTOURISM ZONE
Nampong Lingdok ecotourism zone is located in the East District of Sikkim. SBFP has identified two EDC’s namely LINGDOK-PANGTHANG EDC and TUMIN EDC, as the focal units for ecotourism tourism development in this zone.
Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary and its biodiversity values acts as the core ecotourism feature of this zone. Besides this, the cultural features associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups who inhabit the adjoining villages namely Pangthang, Tumin, Lingdok, etc. is being considered for ecotourism development here.
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OKHAREY ECOTOURISM ZONE
Okharey ecotourism zone is located in the West District of Sikkim. SBFP had identified two EDC’s namely UPPER OKHAREY EDC and RIBDI EDC as focal points for all the ecotourism related development in the area. Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary acts as the core ecotourism feature of this zone with cultural features especially associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups who are living in the adjoining villages in Okharey and Ribdi-Bareng GPU’s.
DZONGU ECOTOURISM ZONE
Dzongu ecotourism zone is located in the North District of Sikkim. SBFP had identified five EDC’s in the zone for its planned ecotourism interventions. The EDC’s selected are LEEK EDC, TINGYONG EDC, LINGZYA EDC, BEY PENTONG EDC and SAKYONG EDC. These EDC’s will become the focal points and through which various assistance on ecotourism development in the region will be taken up. Khangchendzonga National Park is the core ecotourism feature of this zone along with the cultural features associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups who are living in the adjoining villages in the Dzongu region.
EAST PENDAM ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located in the East District of Sikkim. Three JFMC’s namely BUDANG-SAJONG JFMC, EAST PENDAM JFMC and PAKYONG JFMC are being selected as frontal institutions for ecotourism development in the zone under SBFP.
HEE-BERMIOK ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located adjoining the Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary, in the West District of Sikkim. HEE-PATAL EDC, MARTAM EDC and BERMOIK EDC have been chosen as the focal units for ecotourism tourism development in this zone.
KHECHEOPALRI ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located in the West District of Sikkim. For the ecotourism development in the zone, two JFMC’s namely TSOZO KHECHEOPALRI JFMC and MELIACHANG – TOPONG JFMC has been chosen as focal agencies.
KITAM ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located in the South District of Sikkim. SBFP had identified the MAYUR KITAM EDC as the focal unit for ecotourism tourism development in this zone.
LACHEN ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located in the North District of Sikkim. Lachen Dzumsa GPU is being covered for the ecotourism development in the region wherein the LACHEN EDC is chosen as the focal institution.
LACHUNG ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located in the North District of Sikkim. LachungDzumsa GPU is being covered for the ecotourism development in the region wherein the SINGHBA FAKA EDC is chosen as the focal institution.
LINGEE ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located in the South District of Sikkim. SBFP had identified two EDC’s namely MAIDAM-SUMSHI EDC and KAU CHAUREY DARA EDC as the focal units for ecotourism tourism development in this zone. Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary acts as the core ecotourism feature of this zone with cultural features especially associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups inhabiting adjoining villages in Lingee and Payong GPU’s.
UTTAREY ECOTOURISM ZONE
It is located in the West District of Sikkim. The Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project has selected the Uttarey EDC for its ecotourism development activities in the zone.
Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary acts as the core ecotourism feature of this zone with cultural features associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups who are living in the adjoining villages namely Gumpa Dara, Upper Mukrang, etc.
Source: www.ecotourismsikkim.com
Khangchendzonga National Park acts as the core ecotourism feature of this zone with cultural features especially associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups who are living in villages in the LachenDzumsa.
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