Online Hostel Defect Reporting System Business ... - UTPedia

Approved by,

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

Online Hostel Defect Reporting System

by

Zulkifley Bin Othman

A project dissertation submitted to the

Business Information Systems Programme

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

in partial fulfillment ofthe requirement for the

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (Hons)

BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS

(Mr. Justin Dinesh Devaraj)FYP Supervisor

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS

TRONOH, PERAK

January 2008

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the

original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements,

and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by

unspecified sources or persons.

ZULKIFLEY BIN OTHMAN

u

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study is to develop an intelligence system for Residential

College Unit in Universiti Teknologi Petronas to enable all students to make a report

of their hostel facilities problem via fully PHP web-based system. This

documentation is concerned with the design, implementation and later on the

evaluation of a Web-Based Hostel Defect Reporting System to make sure that this

system can helps students to issue the facilities defects and Residential College

management will accept and manipulate the report from their database server. This

system is to be developed using fully PHP web-based performance supports system

and developed especially to support the need of a flexible and mobile way of issuing

the reports. The system can be accessed through the Internet and or the intranet,

hoping that the students can improve their performance by using the system from

their rooms and can get immediate feedback from the Residential College Unit about

the problem issued. This system will make student life to be easier than before.

in

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

ABSTRACT .

CHAPTER 1:

CHAPTER 2:

CHAPTER 3:

CHAPTER 4:

Management System 2

3

4

5

5

INTRODUCTION .

1.1 Background of Study .

1.2 Existing Residential College

1.3 Problem Statement

1.4 Significant of Project .

1.5 Objectives of Study .

1.6 Scope of Study

LITERATURE REVIEW .

2.1 Facilities Management

2.2 Technological Drivers .

2.3 Facilities Management Process

2.4 System Design in Details

2.5 Software Agent

METHODOLOGY .

3.1 Research

3.2 Development Methodology

3.3 Tools Required

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

4.1 Network Policies

4.2 Access Level .

4.3 Backup and Recovery.

IV

7

7

8

10

11

11

13

13

13

34

35

35

35

36

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 37

REFERENCES 38

v

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Project Life Cycle Model 14

Figure 2 Data Flow Diagram of System 16

Figure 3 Architecture of Online Defect Reporting System 18

Figure 4 Use Case Diagrams for Student 20

Figure 5 Use Case Diagrams for RC Executive 21

Figure 6 Use Case Diagrams for Warden 22

Figure 7 Use Case Diagrams for Administrator 23

Figure 8 Use Case Diagrams for PMMD 23

Figure 9 Class Diagram 24

Figure 10 Design Web Interface Using Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 25

Figure 11 Create PHP, Software Agent, Database Connection 26

Figure 12 Database interface using PHPMyAdmin for table db odrs 26

Figure 13 Login page overview 27

Figure 14 Student Panel access view 27

Figure 15 Student adds new report view 28

Figure 16 Students view the status ofreports 28

Figure 17 Students profile access view 29

Figure 18 Warden views new incoming reports 29

Figure 19 Warden validates report 30

Figure 20 Report Archive and Statistics 30

Figure 21 PMMD Staff assign the contractor and set priority of report 31

Figure 22 PMMD Staff generates the docket form 31

Figure 23 Docket Form generated 32

Figure 24 Warden verify the docket form 32

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 Software and Hardware 34

vi

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains brief information of the project which includes the background

study of this project, problem statements that lead to the design of this project, its

objectives as well as the project scope.

My incentive for developing this system was to reduce the administrative burden in

collecting and manipulating the campus facilities problems. Preliminary evaluation

suggests that this system will be reliable and favorably accepted by students and

Residential College Unit

In realizing the project, the iterative methodology of RapidApplication Development

concept will be used. This will allow the developer to re-evaluate the system over

time in order to perform enhancements and corrections. The system design will take

place during the design phase ofthe System Development Life Cycle

1.1 Background of Study

Web-Based Hostel Defect Reporting System will be in fully PHP web-based

environment; where users can access it remotely from anywhere around UTP campus

environment. Information technology (IT) can enable great improvements and as a

key that enabling technology, offers strategic opportunities and long-term advantage.

An essential element to IT implementation is ensuring that the right information is

available at the right place and right time. IT has a proven track record in improving

efficiency in many industries and organizations and will also impact on decision

making process.

Improvements in technology and management depend on as much upon the internal

environment of the technology-using by the Residential Collegedepartmentas it does

upon the technology and policies used to manage it. However, they have little control

over their environments. In seeking to improve their performance and quality of

services, they can fully control the technologies they adopt and the practices they

employ to manage their use.

1.2 Existing Residential College Management System

Fromthe research and observation that have been made, the Residential College Unit

is using the conventional methods and devices to apply their operations and

management. They are using the communication tools and devices like computer,

telephone and diskette to reach that purpose. The record of report is process by the

hostel warden using docket form and these reports are submitted to the Residential

College (RC) Executive to be endorsed by the RC executive. Using the same

endorsed form given by the hostel warden,the Property Management & Maintenance

Department (PMMD) executive will validate and assign the particular contractor to

fix the problem and after all damage is fixed, the form is filled by the contractor

indicates that problems are fixed. The form is return back to hostel warden and the

hostel warden will go to the particular room that reported the problem and verify that

everything is fixed. Basically all these procedures are being implemented in then-

daily activities that consist of:

1.2.1 Manual System

Staffs of Residential College Unit will collect the report that reported by the students

manuallyby using report form and record all the details on paper. The students write

the report in the log book that given few columns to be filled. Different village has

their own style of collecting the reports. Most of them use lob book and they will

collect the report everyday.

1.2.2 Information and Data Transfer

Any of report information or data which want to be transferred from one location to

another will be done manually by using traditional forms, fax machine, telephone, or

internet. For instance, the report information being transferred and derived were done

through docket form. The docket form is being use from the start to the end. That is

for the warden, contractor, PMMD and Residential College Executive unit whereby it

involvessomeproblems in doing theirjobs.

1.3 Problem Statement

The use of certain conventional devices deemed is not relevant to certain

circumstance. For instance, the form that is used to capture and process the report is

carried along the process until the problem is fixed. The form could be loss as the

process is conducted. Upon observation ofmanagement systemand through interview

session which conducted with residential college staff, several problems through

careful consideration and discussion were narrowed down whereby based on their

relativity to the project. This is a problem in the current management system.

1.3.1 Data Integration

Currently most students use log book to report the problem at each hostel and every

Village in UTPhas its ownhostel warden withdifferent styleof fetching the problem.

For example, warden placed the log book in every block of V4. After that he will

collectthe book everyday and manually fill the docket form with details from the log

book. This takes time to fill in every report that has been written in that book

moreover students sometime misused it and write fake reports. Means that student

need spends time to make a report and get the status of the report. After that warden

will bring the filled form to the RC Executive to be endorsed and then after it has

been endorsed, the warden will pass the form again to the PMMD executive where

PMMD will validate the form and assign the contractor. The same form will be use

by the contractor for rectification works. After everything is fixed, then the form is

remark and is given back to PMMD. PMMD will validate and give back to hostel

warden. The hostel warden will again use the form, go to each reported room and

validate that the problem is fixed. Occasionally this process takes a week or even

more. To be useful in management data must be accurate and current. It is also

beneficial if it is recorded over sufficient time to demonstrate trends and increase the

sampling size sufficiently to produce realistic averages. This data collection and

analysis will function after a few months operation but may take years to produce

enough historical information to project future trends.

1.3.2 Update of Report Status

This is the main problem by using the current method where the student needs to be

updated about the status of the report. The rectification work may be delay due to

manual process and this will cause student to make another report. Because of the

process takes about a week of more, students may need the defect to be fixed as soon

as possible. In the mean time they do not know about the status of their report. This

problem tends to lead student to make a same report because student is not update

with the status of the report. Eventually this situation will bring redundant workload

to warden as well as the contractors where warden needs to go and check at every

room each time report has been made. Meanwhile contractor that is solely depends on

the form will just fix the given defects and make quotation based on those defects.

Because this file is not store in one place, it is hard for student to track back the file.

1.4 Significant of Project

This project is designed to increase the effectiveness of method for manipulating

report from students to the Residential College Unit department. Through this

proposed system, it will cater the problems in reporting hostel problem that

commonly using the conventional method that seem quite not relevant with the

growth of sophisticated technology today. The approach that will be used is to replace

the existing method of reporting that will contribute to the solution of time

consuming. The interesting of this implemented technology in this system is to

expose the Residential College department to the use of different technology in

keeping and retrieving related data from database as well as to manage the proper

management system. Due to that issue, it totally can help the Residential College and

PMMD staffs to manage their duties implementation. Besides, it is potential to assist

them in decision making process.

1.5 Objectives of Study

The objectives ofthis study are as follows:

• To solve the inefficient internal Residential College Unit management and

weaknesses of application and conventional procedure with the current

management system.

• To design a platform of reportinghosting problem systemto improve the data

availability and accessibility.

• To develop an online system to integrate data with hostel and PMMD

1.6 Scope of Study

The scope of study to be done in this project shall focus more on how to develop an

online system to process the reports regarding hostel defects from student into the

main server at Residential College unit. The study also will be made on how to

provide a tangible mechanism in the event of coordination process and to track the

progress update for the reports conducted. The system will automate the defect task to

the Property Management and Maintenance Department (PMMD). The system also

will perform as a monitoring system that will monitor and report the defect. This

system is use for reporting defects in the hostel via online web-based where it will be

use by hostel warden, student, RC Executive, and PMMD staff. Identifying all user

roles that involved in the system also become as the main concern for this study. All

findings will be based on the information which gathered from the Residential

College Unit, students, articles, journals, reference books and the resources from

internet. Basically the Web-Based Hostel Defect Reporting System is being modeled

by using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) notation andrelated diagrams which

developedby using the PHP application. Identifying all user roles that involved in the

system also become as the main concern for this study. The study has to be

completed within a time frame of fourteen weeks at the end of which a final report

will be submitted to the Final Year Project committee of Universiti Teknologi

PETRONAS (UTP).

Chapter 2

Literature Review

A literature review was conducted to develop an understanding of the subject. The

goal was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Facilities Management (FM),

functions, application, and issues about operations and maintenance of a building.

Havingonce accomplished this, it was then made possible to consider what this study

is all about. The literature that was reviewed consisted of white papers, journals, and

other publications.

2.1 Facilities Management

In business, facility management is the management of buildings and services. The

services are sometimes considered to be divided into "hard services" and "soft

services." Hard services include such things as ensuring that a building's air

conditioning is operatingefficiently, reliably, safely and legally. Soft services include

such things as ensuring that the building is cleaned properly and regularly or

monitoring the performance of contractors (e.g. builders, electricians). The term

"facility management" is similar to "property management" but often applied only to

larger and/or commercial properties where the management and operation is more

complex. Some or all of these aspects can be maintained by data-rich computer

programs. [2][5]

It is the role of facility management to ensure that everything is available and

operating properly for building occupants to do their work. The facility manager

generally has the most influence upon the quality of life within a facility. Facility

management may range from the small scale (e.g. single small building custodial

services) to the large scale (such as Johnson Controls' operation of Chrysler

manufacturing) or even on an international scale (e.g. global service provision to a

multinational corporation). Some facility management companies (e.g. Regus) have

grown to simply provide environments which other organizations may rent on

demand in order to do business in a "hotel" environment. [2]

Facilities management concerns people and places. People are generally the single

biggest cost centre for any business on organization and its single biggest asset.

Keeping people happy and enabling them to be productive in their daily activities is

not only critical in gaining and retaining a strong workforce, but also in delivering

overall business prosperity and growth. It is important that facilities are well

designed, efficiently managed and used to their best advantage, it is more important

that they support core business goals by enablingpeople to be their most productive.

Improvement in worker productivity can lead to financial gains that outweigh facility

operating costs such as energy, cleaning, maintenance and the like. Technology is

anothermajor cost centre. It involves communication and informationequipmentand

its support, software tools and data management. Notwithstanding technology needs,

facilities are not necessarily confined to buildings. It is preferable to consider

facilities as infrastructure that support people, either individually or collectively, to

realize their goals. Examples of facilities include a cruise ship, theatre staging, a

mining town, a hydro-electric generator, an orbiting space station. All require

ongoing management if they are to remain aligned with their intended support

function. [3]

2.2 Technological Drivers That Influence the Evolution of Facilities

Management

It is important to understand the driver of technology and the effect on the people

who are using it. Research indicates that 80% of technology system implementation

flaw in the technology or that the systems purchased are not appropriate but because

in implementation the system scant regard is given to the peoplewho are expected to

use the systems. A full understanding of theserelationships requires an understanding

of change management. While that is beyond the scope here it is worth noting that

technology is a part of the facility infrastructure along with the social, organizational

and physical element. It is enabling tool.

This view can be summarized, in the context of FM, as follows:

• FM technology enables strategic decision making to be supported by

statistically significant information derived from real data

• FM technology supports the day-to-day operation of a facility by providing

relevant and real time data to FM professionals

• The implementation of technology systems impacts on all aspects of the

organization

• The capabilities afforded by using FM technology are only achieved if

integrated with strategic and change management issues

• FM technology has extended the value loop to include organizational

customers through web interfacing - this has meant that the FM community

now includes stakeholders with different requirements, and in that sense

technology is both a stimulus for the development of new organizational

cultures and a facilitator of those cultures. [3]

All this is academic, however, if the way that information is managed is not

considered. FM can cover a wide range of activities and perhaps that is the difficulty

in defining the discipline, but if we classifywhat we manageas 'assets' and 'resources'

to deliver support services, the challenge of understanding and applying new

technologies in our discipline becomeseasier. Technologies that were 'proposed' just

a few years ago, are now internationally embraced, and while we might have believed

it would be possible to communicate with live video link to our laptop or PC, we

could not have guessed that the enabling software, let alone the online time, would be

'free'. [4] [5]

2.3 Facilities Management Process

Facilities management is the application of the total quality techniques to improve

quality, add value and reduce the risks involved in occupying buildings and

delivering reliable support services. Such an approach is required to provide and

sustains an operational environment to meet the strategic needs of an organization.

An ambience of quality can ensure that core business processes are well integrated

and supported in an operational environment - the workplace. The process is cyclical

and relates needs to a result that can be tested against user satisfaction with the

service:

• Space - adapted to changing needs and effectively utilized

• Environment - to create healthy and sustainable working environments

• Information technology - to support effective communications

• Support services - to provide quality services to satisfy users

• Infrastructure - to provide appropriate capability and reliability

Organizations should have a clear strategy and well developed policies for facilities

management embodied in a facilities plan, and should establish a single point of

responsibility. The way in which facilities are organized in relation to central

functions and to other operating units will determine the extent to which facilities

support strategic needs. Value is added to an organization at the workplace through

the provision of services in the most efficient and effective way: by the development

and management ofquality managed systems, through the establishment ofguidelines

and service levels and, at the policy level, through the development of strategy and a

framework within which to deliver services. [2][5]

The facilities planning process identifies user needs and agrees service levels as the

basic for designing the service. Effective planning of facilities will ensure that they

are 'work-shaped' and support work processes. The services that are required can

then be defined, specified and delivered. Quality systems ensure that all services are

delivered to the required quality, provide value for money and minimize risks to the

organization. [5]

10

2.4 System Design in Details

2.4.1 System Compatibility and Portability

Web-Based Hostel Defect Reporting System has a natural advantage in the

using in cross-platform, after adopted a large number of PHP components in

the design and implement. When choosing develop environment, adopt

Apache with excellent performance and middleware technology as application

server, have laid the foundation for distributed deployment in the future;

Dividing the implement levels and modules clearly in the system, has

guaranteed to software reusing furthest, have given full play to the utility of

module technology; All above ensure the portability ofthis system.

2.5 Software Agent

Software agent is a piece of software that acts for a user or other program in a

relationship ofagency [20]. Such "actionon behalf of" impliesthe authority to decide

when (and if) action is appropriate. The idea is that agents are not strictly invoked for

a task, but activatethemselves. The softwareagent can be classified in differentways.

The most popular classifications are by application type and characteristics. There are

three application types; Organizational and personal agents, privateand public agents

and software agents and intelligent systems.

Organizational agents execute tasks on behalf of a business process or computer

application. Personal agents perform tasks on behalfof individual users. Forexample,

corporateuse of agent monitoringsoftware is becoming a key component in the drive

to cut support costs and increase computer productivity. Intelligentagents can search

through e-mail messages for certain key words. Depending on what key words are

contained in a message, the agent automatically sends out answers based on

frequently asked questions (FAQs) files. A company can use such an agent to help

customers obtain answer to their question quickly for example www.egain.com and

www.brightware.com. Another example of an organizational intelligent agent is an

automatic e-mail sorting system. When a new message comes in, it is automatically

11

routed to the right file and folder. Personal agents are very powerful. They allow

users to go directly to the information they want on the Internet. Busy people do not

have the time of desire for extended browsing through the internet, and so the agent

can help in browsing. [22]

The idea is to embed a software agent in the system that has intelligence where it is

able to accept the user's statement of goals or reports and carry out the tasks

delegated to it. The agents has the characteristic of agency where agency is the degree

of autonomy and authority vested in the agent, and can be measured, at least

qualitatively, by the nature of the interaction between the agent and other entities in

the system. At minimum, an agent represents a user in some way. A more advanced

agent can interact with other entities, such as data, applications, or services. The

agents also should have the mobility where mobility is the degree to which the agents

themselves travel through the network. The system only needs an agent that is static,

either residing on the client machine or initiated at the server. [22]

12

Chapter 3

Methodology

3.1 Research

To collect information regarding this project, the followings approachwere taken:

• Literature reviews - Finding out about suitable tools, system and architecture

to incorporate the ideas proposedto the suitabledevelopment approaches

• Gather information regarding currentResidential Collegemanagement system

by performing an interview withResidential College Unitstaffs andsearching

through an internet search engines and other available material as an articles

and some references textbooks. Interview is conduct with hostel warden,

PMMD staff, and student. Information is gathered from journal, books, and

technical papers. Thesematerials tell aboutthe use of facilities management in

organization.

3.2 Development Methodology

Waterfall model is chosen as the methodology. Why I choose this model because the

Waterfall model at each of every phase is cascading from one another. It is widely

used for practical systems development. As shown in Figure 1 the phases of waterfall

model are followed closely to ensure a systematic approach to system development

achieved. The core main phases are planning, requirement analysis, system design,

system prototyping and also testing and evaluation.

13

Planning

RequirementAnalysis

Designphase

ImplementationTesting

SystemPrototype

System Release

Figure 1: Project Life Cycle Model

As supported by Dennis et. al (2002), the basic ideabehind iterative enhancement is

to develop a software system incrementally, allowing developer to take advantage of

what was being learned during the development earlier, incremental, deliverable

versions of the system. Key steps in the process were to start with a simple

implementation of a subset of the software requirements and iteratively enhance the

evolving sequence of versions until the full system is implemented. At each iteration

phase, design modifications are made and new functional capabilities are added. [1]

3.2.1 Planning

In the planning stage, brainstorming about this project was done. The main

objective of the system was outlined and how the system should be presented

was deterrnined at this stage. The system concept was developed to describe

how the system will operate once it is implemented. Therefore, research for this

14

project will be on the planning phase first. The research is to assess on the

impact of the system to the users while doing their daily routine or activities.

Moreover, it is important to ensure that the system will provide the required

capability on-time and within cost budget, project resources, schedules and

tools. Through this step, I had clearly stated and defined the problems,

opportunities and directives towards the development of the proposed system.

The outcome of this task are problem statements, objectives as well as

significant ofthe system being develop. The project plan should be initiatedand

it describes how the system will be developed and the list of tasks should be

executed throughout the system development life cycle. The planning of this

project is to be outline very carefully as it will determine whether the product

will be able to be deliver at the end of the time frame given.

3.2.2 Analysis

For the analysis phase, research was done to find out more about the case being

studied which is the campus facilities management system. Some researches

were done in determining the feasibility of using Php5 and Macromedia

Dreamweaver technology to develop the proposed system. During this stage,

problem statements of the current system are collected to ensure the proposed

system shall be able to overcome the limitation in the current practice of

coordination process. All possible findings concerning the project are carefully

reviewed to ensure the best solution is proposed. Data flow diagram is draw as

shown in Figure 2 to illustrate the workflow ofthe system.

15

o>

4.0

Ass

ign

Co

ntr

acto

r

gen

era

ted

-

6.0

Gen

era

te

Do

ck

et

Fo

rm

S2

Do

cket

Fo

rm 4

Do

cket

up

dat

e

7.0

Ver

ify

Do

ck

et

5.0

Set

prio

rity

Lev

elv

J

gen

era

te

up

dat

e

upda

te-*

-S1

Rep

ort

JE

nd

ors

eU

pd

ate

3.0

En

do

rse

rep

ort

en

do

rse-

-ver

ify-

-Up

dat

ere

po

rt-

-New

rep

ort

-

-Vie

wre

po

rt—

.

9.0

Ch

eck

Rep

ort

Sta

tus

tC

heck

-

RC

Ex

ecu

tiv

e

-Do

ck

et

veri

fied

-

Ward

en

Stu

den

t

-Val

idat

eR

epo

rt

2.0

Vali

date

Rep

ort

1.0

Lod

geR

epo

rt

-Rep

ort-1

Fig

ure

2:D

ata

Flow

Dia

gram

of

Sys

tem

8.0

Sen

d

No

tifi

cati

on

Em

ail

Em

ail

stu

den

t

3.2.2.1 Key Features

Submit reports online

The students have mobility to issue a report from anyplace. They do not

have to go to residential college office to lodge the report.

Each defect is delegated into each department at once

Each report will be classified by the agent and automatically delegated

into each of department.

Student can view the status ofthe reportfrom the system

Students can log on into the system and view the status of their report

without having spent some time to go again to the residential college

office to ask for the status.

Email notification is sent once defect isfixed

After the defect is fixed, the system will automatically send the

particular defect details and new status to each of the issuer.

3.23 Design

Design phase is also considered as one of the most challenging part in Software

Development Life Cycle phase. In this phase, the design of the system must be

carefully developed. This is to ensure that user's interactivity with the systems

meet user's expectation. Every feature included will be reviewed and the

functionality enhancement will be made during this phase. This phase is to

transform the requirement statements from the requirement analysis and

definition phase into design specifications for construction purpose. It involves

identifying and describing the basis software system abstractions to ensure

completeness, usability, reliability, performance and quality of product.

Hardware or software requirements will be determined in this phase. The

system architecture will be produced on the whole.

17

In this phase, the data models and process models that were imtially created

during requirements and definition phase were analyzed in detail System users

were involved in this activity to help address data and process issues. The key

inputs to the tasks were the facts, recommendations and opinions that were

solicited from various sources.

3.2.3.1 System Architecture Design

Data Tier

Business Logic Tier

Presentation Tier

User Data Report Data

T

Dataoase source (SOL

Software Agent

f Applicatiqn System)^ 0Server Side

Web Server1

.Internet / Intranet.Administrator

Client Side

Standard Internet Browsers

Student PMMD Warden RC Executive

Figure 3: Architecture ofWeb-Based Hostel Defect Reporting System

As shown in the Figure 3, The Web-Based Hostel Defect Reporting

Systems is divided into five major modules, administration modules,

student module, PMMD module and hostel warden module and

Residential College module. All of these modules can be accessed through

the Internet and Intranet, which makes a web browser as the medium

between users and the system. Data tier provides the user and report data

store in database. Business logic tier is used to receive and process user

request from component Application System and web server. Presentation

tier provides users with interface to access, report defect, update records.

Figure 3 shows the environment for the system. There are five main

categories of users in the system, which are administrator, hostel warden,

18

PMMD executive and student and RC Executive. Each has their level of

access to the system. The administrator can update existing data and add

new data to the system but only an authorized user can do this. For

example, a student can only access the student's module and the same

thing happens in warden's modules. User can change their password and

personal detail. This activity involves modeling the files and databases

that store all the appropriate organization's data that is going to be used

and also set up organizational structure purposely to manage the

information resource. The system is designed in an easy and user-friendly

format so that the student can use it easily. Students will log in into the

system using student id and fill in some forms and warden will receive the

reports. The warden will perform the next action by informing the

maintenance and the maintenance will assign the contractor in charge of

what and where to do. In the mean time student will get update on the

status of their report via email. As soon as the problem was solved by the

contractors, warden will update the database and update the student again

via email.

3.2.3.2 Object Orientation and UML

The techniques and notations involved will be based on Unified Modeling

Language (UML). The Web-Based Hostel Defect Reporting System will

be developed and modeled using UML notation and diagrams. These

diagrams include:

• Class diagrams

• Use case diagram

19

3.233 Use Case Diagrams

Figure 4: Use Case Diagram for Student

20

Online Defect Reporting System

RC Executive

Figure 5: Use Case Diagram for RC Executive

21

Hostel Warden


r1^(Access Failure )

Figure 6: Use Case Diagram for Warden

22


Administrator

Figure 7: Use Case Diagram for Administrator


Figure 8: Use Case Diagram for PMMD

23

3.23.4 Class Diagrams

The classes to be used to develop the system were identified

based on the data perspective. This is due to the data has a

dominant characteristic of the CASS system. The initial classes

for the system are:

• Student

• Property Management & Maintenance Department

(PMMD) Executive

• Contractor

• Report

• Warden

• Docket Form

• Residential College Executive (RC)

1

Student

-firstName

-lastName

-usemame

-hostel

+reportDefect()

Defect

-Status

•details

•dtReport•reportjd•date Fix

1.10

RC Executive

-username

-firstName

-lastName

+endorse{)+update{)

Warden

-VillagefirstName

-lastName

-username

+vafidateReport()+generateReport()+updateStatus()+verify Rectification()+sentEmail()

PMMD Executive

-department-firstName

-lastName

+setPriority()+assignContractor()+generateDocketform()

Contractor

-companyName•contract

Docket Form

•docket_id•location

•dtgenerate•type_priority•dtWardenVerified

Figure 9: Class Diagrams

24

3.2.4 Implementation

This is the phase where the installation of proposed system takes place. After

the installation, the prototype of the proposed system is constructed. The system

is built and later tested to ensure it performs in conformance with the system

objectives. For this system, test will be focusing more on the functionality

assessment of the developed system. The random testing which involve small

group of test user will be conducted to validate the functionality of the system

and it is important to ensure the system developed is free from the bug or errors.

In system testing and evaluation, individual program units or programs that

have been integrated into a complete system will be tested to avoid any

possibilities of system failure. Testing will be conducted during this phase.

Testing must not be deferred until after the entire program has been written.

3.2.4.1 Design Findings

Aa Eat vim trwt puoN 7faE ewHBtda te wnto« n«p

Figure 10: Design Web Interface Using Macromedia Dreamweaver 8

25

to £* tnm ma Wift bi cammdc 14 wnftu nob

tan—I » a A ESS * saiSiB-P -rassr-

.: £JICodiJ3i*M[|̂ 3*te J1

j^w*' ^.^w^^rfs^^î^^^MfeMiS^P 1 M*Mpea»I*Fit. k

u i 3 ** at e. • <* m. *•&. •

^H f

BfflKb «,

„, a ! o •& ^ « | DEO S*-ODBiK!V»WtHlB«Hi

tan re gj M«e™ar settingEolS £3 UvI* ES oaruttif ES tn*jKL^ &) ctfdjef

—HH * Q Amu<,M

ha itr Li iobk

|l- -£& rflgstrflBOflH u2Y» > a * til luff

C Ii 1- £} «L*Mi1!

gJB Ea «"" * \ it iaiM.av. ' I -S CDrtAiFîBM.prtl

^H 0 hcrtfl.tfB

allfl #' nc*iji^1Jo

t*HB »**•1 «. B*w*u

«Q «. nft^jfl»ftt»w

j t « uioi.pnij

nia - »" w»tfl_ftini.flhp

H" tointow

4t .je£*tai*tt

a" vie*jtid=it.£'o*e.|^2--£i agta

-Ll± SIS it;-fti-

-11 a ja*.«a^^H

pl -^ rtus 0 QacilU T •;' .1.-. v

«4M PM volar <BUdL» *a <a> <*^™t£EMLtfl6iflflUrt*S ffmmxai'.UbQMBflCl^Klj <lfeUKD<d*> *tlWl> <».&> <H><£&:Cl.aiXto*» K/JHC |. H™~^: . -....-. . .-.-. -,;.-. i ,.;.::,.•.•• . .-•.-.. Hi -. ... i ,>..

Figure 11: Create PHP, Software Agent, Database Connection

« *• C x „, tin: /wsiiwopiisnwituHcJi- oni>*ti-«,.o«(»[«in-;«?nL8iSM>ifiJMeiW3f

&J 5eiver localhokt ft £• Database: dh_odi* • U Table: report

>S8MMj

.:=--_-.. -.:•__...: _

' ".i

phpMij&dWn

WBBR&HBrow™ tfSlructurn ,RSQ|_ jTSeflfrt] >• Insert •EuidiI ninnHHi Kovcrations BDrop

FWd r#» Collnlon AnrHHnw Noll OettiM Earn tetfon

au"oaii(8) " upat^jd D11[I0| No aula increment H ^ J< 3 m m. dactatjcl drchai(4j WlAl^hAdtfll^d No m ^f X ffl H H

lib 0*1 (4) ^j (HiWHtM dnxlirvB No m ^' X 91 ira ih

• umh , (tfrtptni) viiinMM) lainl_i*»lili_ii No a _.» X m m m|i»n ; i <n£n*KMd mretaifll)) l«lm swAOian £i No w j* X m m m

j amttfnwimea flmtime No 9 j* X w m a• ">"• taw

1 _! »|Mft «e*iil3M| IKpl1_**»dlth^Ci No » >* X at si m,_, priority vHcRb{1I)) IKml_lw*Sltl_d Ho M ./ X n m m

ciHunau vfctfuiiaO) l*inl_jvt«iin.ci No n ^J- X « as a: j ihbh «BCIm(S0) IBiH_l*«itN_Ci No i» j> X di si ^

MCtfefl vii(Wl(S0) mini aA«iift d Ms w ^ X « s md*p*rni*m vKCIuutH! IHlt1_l*«ISB_ii No ffl >* X at m mMuJJd vJtchi4(8| IHii11_twMiin.ci No fM ^ X 9 m ®unminii virtluipO) lam I iwMiUi ti No W rf* X m a m

., Vflllfl* v*chMM| l«inl_**MiJii_a No H S X m m wCtlKk AH I Uncticct All Iripl SUKHS.

^ Piinlvisn i{£Rutaion 41UW £it PiojAê1^)19j-fAM.I fi*djs).Ai£nao(T«lf;_ ABioinninairfTjble..;Afterijepait.id

lm»*n** 9)

Heymm* Thm CwdlMlliy AHt*fl FWIdMIM»HY WbMAHY 13 ^ X rapart_id

Ciutt in iiWHon I icohiinni Go

.;Afterijepait.id J- .Oo

SfMMUMO* HmrSaoMa

Thm Ui*(« SunmnnU V-lIu*

Dau 1,«04 B Fonn't dyflim

bidtK 3,Q*a B ColtadM lmclnl iiMdUH e

Toul i.m B Nairn

RowMngih.

i

13

- 6a

Figure 12: Database interface using PHPMyAdmin for table dbodrs

26

Ft It Wl BUfaMrtt ViMXH TMU (MB

*1: T "v '.** £? y? ',R§ nnBJ/^4cjiiM!B*s<


KrhyxUrrFogal Pm nerd

^

Figure 13: Login page overview

PB S4[ VSw SMtoneM VAJoitl 70011 rt*>

7WJ If" -" "•• & ^ Ji& flOp /JtallWIiltol^MtfVMstx.0nAlu<fcI*

0 Ql.ill".

^ System Features

yM& AddNewReport

— Adfl Hew fisparr. feflturefl iriduJe:

List Reports

c £edarcg 2/ £tttk,£. Psitures jiictulff:

•r Ufliaperi ftftpflrn* SEiiuflv Us* Claftefl Rffpartt SutuS

L^fi Profile

View Bfia Upflfltfi yOUf flrQfiltf

§3)) Help Tab

Click Qie rtcip Tab far d«ijlM jflfflTnacion 0;i tp«,fa i: nerniaiied a cave

Figure 14: Student Panel access view

27

"6d

.•6ft

•Icsfflft Sudani: Khlifiil Syliftt* LsSauK V

Re &tt VW; 000*n*W •NdfU Tools Ma

^ ^" --l* .-:-- & -^ ^ nw/i&jinM9odrE#&*3antrno»y flipuBOJ" ? • ""-'6d

$& Online Defect Reporting System vnlcarrviSmilnIiKhliivl 3,li«M| Lo»™' *

Q QuickLink

Q update s--n©Help

O Lugoul

Details---

Loeatiari : ]tfyRcant j^JAooli»ni*s / [towis : 'chsir ZI3êpoit:

Wnwdowi iOutapaain deuilt:

J

[broken chairl

] lutnm 1 ntttt 1

Figure 15: Student adds new report view

He tax w*w BooliMrts wtfaes IK* nap

"^ "•*" ""'' &' '& S" ,85 nttpîliaBiMt^Jaft/fWeniftulrt.BftJ

9 OuirJ< Lis*:

© L'paate ^rc-

© KelP© Lagcut

Report ID Dale/ lime Location

VSA-3.2.3

Defect in Details Status

1 JQaa-Os-0i 10:53:35 Rectified

2 2ooa-o*-o4 iQiSSiS'5 VSA-3.2.3 ». Rectified

9 1003-04-03 20:34:40 V56-3.2.3 wq.ro.wr Rectified

Id jooa-04-aa 2o:3*:-ia VSA-3.I.3 fliarittyyy Rectified

15 20flfi-04-i*04r*I:fl4 V3A-3.2.3 broken lamp Tobeiewevj*

16 S008-0*-!* 0S:*2;39 USA-3.1.J broken choir Processing

Figure 16: Students view the status of reports

28

Ns eat mi SMkmiris imams Teow ntt)

4i 1*- -v W £- y Q hofl/^s^TMtW»sfllLiddriWiiiei flho'iiiotljI-we^jyofM

1OnlineDefectReporting System iIS.hAm; L°9°ut *

4/M/2009 S:47i29 AM

is h™ * My ProfilesW Add Im Raocrt

gjgj My Reports^CS My Archived êcc^

9 Quitk Linte:

© •Jaaate P'Sr'l

©Heln© Lagcut

Home >> MyProfile*

^ Pcnonal Dctatlt ^ '

{SMyPrafBu

Last Name: Isyai'iee

StuOent1G: &903~

ErtMils

Ma«el

jkenjl_figmil.com

Figure 17: Students profile access view

I w i r»w«t'i

4p -i- s-;- £?- X ;dj tiKn:Wtaca!1o(l/iioriA^"oe't/rBi'J«orcr>W

' Online Defect Reporting System

Lij He,,,,

Bjfl New Repels

Bel D,ec'd-td Retiu-t- ^ llflrlie " K**' ftsoorl*t_g Waiting iteccls

• © UpdateProfile

© Help© Logcut

.?"-•' ;jdi - 6d

4,'14/2008 6:49.-31

* New Reports

Report JO

L3

13

Date/Time

10M.04.1.1 IS: 11:3ft

MDf-u4-l4 0i!4I:fl4

Student ID

3320

190S

Location

V5A-4.2.2

V5A-3.3.3

Defect in Details tdit Delete

*

*

Validate

sof

broken amp.

^

tf

Figure 18: Warden views new incoming reports

29

Me Ml Mtr, tvtamti, vnajeti Took ndr)

i_j No* Ho kffMMiMS n«a-JluciiKitt/iaittam!iiiitaintim_\IMia.flv!n>»cja -13 6d

1OnlineDefectReporting System If=*nVilllOlJ :Uia,31t»l MitfAhmid I 1-09"" <fc

4.'1-V200S 6,51,40 AM

L_, Me™

|__l New Reports

qigt Prepared Report:gjf_ Waiting Repute

Hjp flrL-liiv-d Keuii'tr.

^ QuickUriK-;© Ltodate p.-ofii

©Help

© LogDo1.

® My Reports

> Hems » LHtReport SUlut

r to mistatu* j

Confirm Record Validation

2003-04-12 13:11,39

Defect in Details

If you are sure you want to validate the above record,please press the delete button below.

I vHdjne Report II Beck |

Figure 19: Warden validates report

Pie Eat view oootawki WtfoaK Toot rut)

_.,.-,, t*m*mzm U»qpMV8S"tl*«f(|>a- !«S/ nop rôcUUkVAo s/AAroan/tfrftved pripj

U*

•6d

•'lJJ2t]Q3 7:0a:HA«

^) Menu i

W Nevi Repcris

|f) Prepared Repcrtr.

Qg Waiting Reccrtr,

l|fj Archived Repitti

0 QuickLinh;

© UpdatePrctile

© Help' © Logout

Archived Reports

j- name., AreluuH Report!

|~«# Overview 11 gjy

View: All tin *] EyjailDepartment

Graph Percentage 0* AllScpcrts by 'willooe

•j AND3-, ÂJTyillage^ _*U Go |

"niBJJipt a 0%-"Vtlf^ a 0%=:,»»&•& 0

4

4

0%

^SSSIEKKSISII 50%

»S^^@SP^^Î 50%

Report ID

1

•eparttneitt Dale/Time

Sddi-04-So l5iM:3S

Location Defect In Details Slatus

ReclifiettVSA-3.2.3

1 iv looa-fM-os iaiM:39 VS»-3.!.3 «£ Ratified

3 OV 2003-04-06 12:43:43 V4A-2.1.2 odierf Roclified

* « 2003-04-Oa 11,43:51 V4A-2.1.2 asaf R edified

i =w ioos-M-aa Ui4i:4t V4A-4.I.1 broken cltair Rectified

& Su 3009-04-09 16,42:38 V4A-4.1-To,let leaking jhawer Rectified

4 in- 1003-04-08 20 .-34:40 V3A-3.2.3 worqwr Rectified

10 =v 2008-04.03 20:34:43 U3A.3.S.3 charrttyyy Rcctnied

Figure 20: Report Archive and Statistics

30

PUe Sit vten Beofanana WiJasB TMa nap

*^, ^ •T* iv £j X .{$ ht»/ôialioiiiofttrttiwi^MEontictir CWrrltlortjO-li


2 Menu

M Erdoncd Beports

^ Assigned Reports

4h Generate Cticket fc,

fjil A,crimedReports

0 Quick Links

© UpdateProfile© Help© LogGut

a Report Setting for Civil Department

0 Set Priority and Assign Contractor

Report 10 : 16

So! PrionIy: IWHIrW -I

rt!6irj]|Ci>infJttoi \ »|

Student ID: ,9903

Location: V5A-3.2.3 _ •

Dare(teoortea: ,2603^64-14 0E:J3,39 ,

Dare ereeirad , 13-Aor-200S

DM* Endorsed : !l3-Apr-2003 )

Steflsrt 11I DetBili ibroksri chair

1DoitaMfBri || UpaaM Contractor 1!•*e*1

? * "•6d

wakcmaeMMO, HKOIUill ! Logout *

-l7l4/lODJ?,03;Hfl

Figure 21: PMMD Staff assign the contractor and set priority of report

r« tktt Han aeetanarkt WBjeB Taota Mo

•M +" 1-j> & S f$ ritia/AialrLKUW.tfmmdflrtleipro'jriMJ-r'tiJ/


m

Jal Menu

^ Endorsed Reports

40 Asîgied Keîrts

qaj Generate Docket For,

aji| Archived Reports

0 Quicklinks

© Update PrarVe

©Help© Logout

a Verified Docket Form

i tram* >* Verirlea Oacver Form

~^C ate Docket Forni

6*neritt ByConsrjaor: !Mail SiflJr

Location : ,Villages •

Priority: Normal

Generate

'™Search Docket Fomi

* Search your generated docket form here.a 1 Dackat Pormtfl) in wi,ona for warden verification.

Show docks;form 10rtumBarltt *]| Oo[ftEi"rcsn• 4 Docket POrm(a)tlaab«orivarigs!^

Sno* docketformID numberji *1| On |

Search Docket form ;

i longer be available Tor editing.

Figure 22: PMMD Staff generates the docket form

31

u-

'•!6d

wakimaPMMCHizdLii], I l-coout «£

4/14/3008 7:12: SS*

He Bat «m feafeturts muan To* rtt>

Q*«" [^ -.-J V -if »f j3> y |̂ ntto:(»cl»™traa>WW1i«r>lpi**l5CI« iT.'S •«

PMMD WORK REQUEST,1 DEFECT FORM DOCKETID:|a _'_ j

DATS:

AfWMrtBCOKTRAtTO*

LOCATION

•fHOftHYt**.

: IJ-Aor-iM* 4k

: Vm SMI WKvaaaeS . :

-HantiiN

1« UlAJii

a** s^^r^M^rto^jiWiw^^; ^^: :^:*«»*i*«J*^:.anttaflenar lUerôU :Ui«JMfi

17 vSA-iAS UfttdifUf ll-Apr-MM iJ-Ajr-iMS

li VSrvl.S.a aMIaMtAanl rÂflr-aOM l3-ABr-14M

<» viAjaa drrddlheM ,ÂBr.3J0S ti-Am-SMS

» VSA-4ii tafnetjstrmin !3-Apr-i0oa IS-Wr-MOe

tt ViA-42i oftsaftui iMpMW t3-Atr-SM4

Preaarea ByWarSeal Uairwi rue EnUrMa ty irena Ftiina) km Kniru Apsrc.efl By i

1 lava I Beck Print j

file eat wew BookrrJrkt UMfleu Toole rue

^J new on

Figure 23: Docket Form generated

j^ta*jattl**Wt{oV!^S ©BÂalWtM*^-. U'

m *" -' C r^ iftirhm:/r»i*riMtf44iii tteanAmrona-mttU-raiug

;^& Online Defect Reporting System? -;b«-•.-. _-_e

^ Menu 41'

fcjf NewPcponc|tf Prepared Reject

qjyWaiting RupertsDJb Archived Reun-ti

OQ„ctL„

© Update F

©felp© Legcut

Waiting Docket Form

> Homo ,. warns OSaa, Farm

Oockat Form >eganarttas By PmMO and oiciM oaarth trte ganamesdocket form oy italOattoo r.cnt or orinuu forr^ to make a veriricacan

Shon docket fof-ti nv-THer|1 ^|| Oo |Refresh3Docket Form(a)i»uerfaej byva^Shorn dookat form n;.-«acr|l -|| Oo I

Bucket "orm ID ,

Figure 24: Warden verify the docket form

32

*'H/2eO«?:*3,5*AM

3.2.5 System Prototype

The objective of the system prototype phase is to convert the

deliverables of the system design phase into a complete system. This

phase contains activities for building the system, testing the system, to

ensure the system functional processes satisfy and meet the user

requirements. At the end of this phase, the system will be ready for the

activities of the integration and testing. Programming is generally

recognized as a major aspect of the construction phase. The primary

inputs for this activity are the technical design statement, plan for

programming development, and test data developed during the system

design.

In this phase, individual program units or programs are integrated as a

complete system to ensure that the software requirements have been met

successfully. In system testing and evaluation, individual program units

or programs that have been integrated into a complete system will be

tested to avoid any possibilities of system failure. Testing will be

conducted during this phase. Testing must not be deferred until after the

entire program has been written. There are three levels of testing

implementation namely the stub testing, unit testing, and system testing.

Stub testing is the test whereby performed on individual events or

modules of a program. While unit testing is a test whereby all events and

modules that have been coded and stub subsequently tested for a

program which tested as an integration unit. Whereas system testing is

performed to ensure the application program written and tested in

isolation will work properly whenever they are integrated into the final

system.

33

3.3 Tools Required

3.3.1 Software and Hardware

Software Hardware

Macromedia Dreamweaver MX Server

Apache 2.2.3 Computer

phpMyAdmin 2.9.1.1

MySQL 5.0.27

XAMPP Security 1.0

PHP 5.2.0 + PHP 4.4.4 + PEAR

Internet Browser

Table 1: Software and Hardware

34

Chapter 4

Result and Discussion

Results and findings from this project were collected from the Online Hostel Defect

Reporting Systems (ODRS) development phases.

4.1 Network Policies

The system architecture will have two components that will be located at

Residential College Department and student's hostel. Each of the components

will have a single database. All these databases or information will be kept

and stored in different sets of data, according to the elements of information.

Ideally, the main database was located in Residential College Department and

the next second database is located in hostel. For this CASS project purpose,

the scope of implementation will only be applied on the Residential College

Department, which will contain a specific database element with related

working area and can be access by all students. For that purpose, Apache

Server being implemented to run the system of CASS with integration of PHP

element to ensure its functionality can be used simultaneously by students at

each village with their computers. Students might not be able to access the

system directly from their room due to network policies if the database is

located at the hostel.

4.2 Access Level

Students will have to register for their own username and password access and

warden, RC Executive, and PMMD Staff will be given with a unique and

valid username and password. In principle, there is five category of access

level, namely full access level, which will be granted to system administrator,

RC Executive, whereas the limited access level of user will be granted to the

student, wardens and PMMD Staff. They have a specified set of privileges

designated by the database administrator.

35

4.3 Backup and Recovery

The ODRS will definitely use a backup and recovery features in MySQL

where is a database construct that enables PHP and Apache to work together

to access and display data. Apache is quite powerful and can accomplish

virtually any task as a Webmaster. The Recovery Manager is a component of

MySQL that provides a tightly integrated method of creating, managing,

restoring, and recovering the MySQL database backups.

36

Chapter 5

Conclusion

In this documentation, I have discuss one way in which computer technology can be

used to create a campus facilities management system via web-based application that

simultaneously fulfils the need of Residential College Unit staff, Property

Management & Maintenance Department (PMMD) and students. Therefore, I hope

with this system, students can access to make a report about hostel problems and also

for wardens to check and manipulate the reports from students into database main

server. The system can be expanded to various aspects and ability to help the user to

use the system. This system also will help the UTP management to reduce the

workload of each department as well as for the management process. The system

should be to perform an efficient defect reposting system for Residential College Unit

(RCSU) unit as well as PMMD. The system provides tools to ease the personnel in

RCSU and PMMD by decreasing decision-making time and reduce staff workload.

37

References:

[1] AlanDennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, andDavid Tegarden (2002), Systems

Analysis &Design An Object-OrientedApproach with UML, JohnWiley & Sons

[2] Alam Park (1998), Facilities Management - AnExplanation, Second Edition,

Macmillan Press Ltd.

[3] RickBest,CraigLangston, Gerard De Valence (2003), Workplace Strategies

andFacilities Management, Building in Value, ButterworthHeinemann

[4] Lionel Prodgers, Facilities Management Resources Magazines And

Periodicals,

http://www.fiTilirik.eom/ProfResources/Magazines/article.cgi7FM%20World:fm

orld031107.html

[5] KeithAlexander, Facilities Management, Theory andPractice, E & FN Spon

[6] DavidS. Condrey, Cynthia J. Calcutt, Automated facilities scheduling, ACM

Press 1988 <http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id:i::62655>

[7] JanetD. Hartman University of Evansville, Management of decentralized

computing facilities, Year of Publication: 1984

<http://portal.acm.org/citation.cim?id^800579>

[8] Hostel management for foreign workers: problems in non-purpose built

building

httrj://eprints.utm.mv/3579/l/ChongVoonPingMGD2005TTT.pdf

[9] Dunlap, J. (1999). Developing Web-Based Performance Support Systems to

Encourage LifelongLearning in the Workplace. WebNet Journal: Internet

Technologies, Applications & Issues. 1 (2), pp. 40-48. Charlottesville, VA:

AACE.

38

[10] George M. Marakas (2000), SystemAnalysis Design: An Active Approach,

Prentice Hall

[11] Justin Dinesh Devaraj Daniel, Mohammad Noor Ibrahim, Shariman Moht

Hatta, Web-Based GIS For Campus Facilities Management With Emergency

Rescue Plan

[12] Stewart H.C. Wan, Yuk-Hee Chan, Improving service management in

outsourced IT operations, Journal of Facilities Management Volume 5 Number 3

2007 pp. 188-204

[13] Qi Zhou Moss, Johanna Alho, Keith Alexander, Performance measurement

action research, Journal of Facilities Management Volume 5 Number 4 2007 pp.

290-300, Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 1472-5967

[14] Paula Cardellino, Edward Finch, Evidence of systematic approaches to

innovation in facilities management, Journal of Facilities Management, Volume 4

Number 3, pp.150-166 Copyright © Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN

1472-5967

[15] Mike Taylor, Integrated building systems: strengthening building security

while decreasing operating costs, Journal of Facilities Management, Volume 4

Number 1, pp. 63-71, Copyright © Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN

1472-5967

[16] J. Brochner, Understanding Service Qualities In Facilities Management: A

Transaction Cost Approach, Published in Proc. Brisbane 2000 CIB W70

International Symposium on Facilities Management and Maintenance, 15-17

November 2000, pp. 455-459

[17] J. Perf. Constr. Fac, Designing Facilities Management Needs into

Infrastructure Projects: Case from a Major Hospital, Volume 17, Issue 1, pp. 43-

50 (February 2003),

[18] Cyros, Kreon L., Computer-Aided Facilities Management Systems (CAFM).

39

[19] Charles A. Batterman, A Distributed Facilities Management System,

CH1515-6/79/0000-0553$00.75 @ 1979 IEEE

[20] Software Agents: An Overview, Hyacinth S. Nwana. Knowledge

Engineering Review, 11(3):1—40, September 1996.Cambridge UniversityPress.

[21] Neil Taurisson Pierre Tchounikine, Introducing Software Agents to Support

a Web-based Collective Activity,© 2003 IEEE

[22] Efraim Turban, Jay E.Aronson, Ting Peng Laing, Decision Supprt System

and Intelligent, Seventh Edition, Prentice Hall.

40

Documents

Online Hostel Defect Reporting System Business ... - UTPedia