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MYTHS VS FACTS – COVID-19- QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

G.Swetha1, Dr. R.V.Geetha

2*,Dr. Leslie Rani. S

3

1Saveetha Dental College,Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical

Sciences,SaveethaUniversity ,Chennai,TamilNadu,India, Email:

151801011.sdc@saveetha.com, Phone number: 6380268030

2*Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology,Saveetha Dental College,Saveetha

Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences,Saveetha University ,Chennai,Tamil Nadu

Chennai,India, Corresponding author Email: geetha@saveetha.com, Phone number:

9710456203

3Lecturer, Department of General Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of

Medical And Technical Sciences,Saveetha University ,Chennai,TamilNadu,India.

G.Swetha, Dr. R.V.Geetha*, Dr. Leslie Rani. S. MYTHS VS FACTS – COVID-19-

QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY--Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of

Egypt/Egyptology 17(7), 1068-1081. ISSN 1567-214x

Keywords: Covid19; Facts ; Myths; Pandemic; Side effects; Social media

ABSTRACT

Covid-19 rapidly spreading around the globe, pandemic, viral wellness videos, tweets, social

media posts that are springing up faster the virus spreading myths. Information is important

so people protect themselves from disease. Nations entering lockdown to flatten the curve, a

lot of natural remedies are being followed including colloidal silver, essential oil myths

continue to abound on social media. Serious side effects might create life threatening

situations. This study aims to evaluate public knowledge on myths and Facts about covid-

19.The current study gives statistics on people‟s knowledge awareness on the global

pandemic. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 100 general public about the myths

and facts of COVID – 19. Questionnaires with 20 close ended questions were circulated

among people. Results obtained analyzed using SPSS software. In this Study, we observe

50% were aware about myths on COVID 19 and 54% said that the media are exaggerating

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the news about the novel coronavirus.The present study shows that people have knowledge

about the myths and are aware of the facts around the coronavirus.

INTRODUCTION New type of coronavirus(COVID 19) has created a pandemic. Fast spread of

this infection has been joined with an equally rapid spread of myth and

misinformation. Information is important so people protect themselves from

disease. Nations are entering lockdown to flatten the curve with social

distancing but it is important to refrain placing one‟s belief on miraculous cure

or conspiracy theories about COVID 19. (Hawrylucket al., 2004) .Colloidal

silver, essential oils etc., myths continue to abound on social media which are

used to remedy, treat and prevent Covid – 19.Myths are quite popular all the

time in all situations. Serious effects of these myths can be like creating panic

and life threatening situations in the country. One such incident, myths about

influenza virus vaccine, made people aversion to it and so many awareness

programs took place which didn't do any good. (Nyhan and Reifler,

2015).Some say, hot climate kills viruses, but corona is being spread to some

hot countries too. Few suggest having lemon, zinc, honey, Indian herbs and

spices and others to prevent against COVID 19. Yes these have antibacterial

effect (Gilbert, Slingenbergh and Xiao, 2008)(Smiline, Vijayashree and

Paramasivam, 2018) but not against the Covid 19 which is caused by SARS

COV 2 virus(Girija, Shankar and Larsson, 2020),its a novel form of corona

virus which is virulent and has resistance to antimicrobial agents

.(Priyadharsiniet al., 2018a, 2018b) These herbs might have helped to relieve

some common respiratory infection; COVD 19 is not like other respiratory

infections. (Gupta, Singh and Gupta, 2019)

Research says most of the myths during outbreaks of disease like COVID 19,

EBOLA or etc.., occur due to improper communication between healthcare

providers and the public. The health care providers can dispel myths about the

disease by providing needed information and empower the public(Almutairi,

McCarthy and Gardner, 2015) Trusted resources like WHO, The United

Nations, The CDCP, World economic organization will provide verified and

authentic information and are the only sources to be trusted and followed by

people (Advice for public, 2020).The current study provides a proper view on

people‟s knowledge and awareness about the global pandemic. The myths

that‟s been followed are not proven by immunologists or any other bodies,

which can create panic and when followed might give side effects like nausea,

vomiting or overload of vitamins, etc.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among the general

population in Chennai, Vellore and Ranipet, Tamilnadu, India during May

2020. A total of 120 people were assessed using a structured questionnaire

comprising 20 close ended questions regarding the participants demographic

details (Age, gender), Myth beliefs, facts, awareness on the prevention

methods and trusted sources . All the collected data were then analyzed

through SPSS software and pie charts were plotted with extracted data. Chi

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square test and pearson correlation analysis were used, with p value less than

0.05 to be statistically significant.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The ongoing episode of novel coronavirus globally has given rise to several

news articles, video recordings and social media posts. Every one of them are

talking about the preventive measures, side effects, cause and what to do and

what not to. Though all these sources endeavor to create mindfulness, It has

also led to several myths that have led to people refraining from or over eating

a certain type of food, getting their pets far from themselves or taking “insane”

security measures.

In the present study,50% of the people participating in the survey were aware

of the myths about novel coronavirus 42% weren't aware. [fig 1] . In the

following question people were asked if the news about these panicked them,

51% answered YES.35% answered NO and rest answered may be. [fig 2].

This says even if people were aware about the myths they are still afraid of the

news about the novel coronavirus.There is a load of information about Covid

19. Not everything is valid. All the fake forwards, posts and social media

including news channels have started to create panic in people and the age

group of 16-30 are mostly affected by this .(12 Questions And Answers) About

COVID-19 from Intermountain Healthcare - Press Release - Digital Journal,

no 2020).

43% of the people of the survey believes that coronavirus is a deadliest virus,

while Majority (56%) believes that it‟s a myth [fig 3] Various sources

estimated that the death rate of COVID -19 to be 3.4 %,(Coronavirus Death

Rate (COVID-19) - Worldometer, 2020) , but the world has been through

outbreaks much worse than this. For example, the Spanish influenza of 1918

has tainted more than 500 million individuals and is believed to have executed

at any rate 50 million individuals around the world. Other viruses like

Hepatitis, MERS, Ebola, HIV and influenza virus are more deadly. (5 viruses

more dangerous than the new coronavirus | MDLinx, 2020)

Most of the participants (45%) have responded face mask doesn‟t [fig 4]

protect against the Novel coronavirus, 29% says it protects while 25% says it

might or might not.But still face masks and sanitizers prices spike due to their

scarcity in india and all markets and shops made it commercial business . Amy

Davidson , wrote that masks can diminish the measure of viral spread yet

aren't secure against infections.. (Sorkin, 2020) The non N-95 masks are asked

to be worn to prevent the wearers from spreading virus – bearing droplets.

(Yong, 2020) Edward stenehjem.MD, an infectious disease expert in

intermountain healthcare suggests wearing a mask in public places where

social distancing is troublesome like in the market. (Stenehjem, 2020)

53% of the respondents of the survey believe that the Novel coronavirus

affects the older and infants [fig 5] while 46% says no.Transmission of the

novel coronavirus has been found in all ages. Specialists recommend that

individuals in co-morbid conditions like hypertension, heart or respiratory

infection have a higher danger of getting contaminated (Pragashet al.,

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2017)(„Probiotics for treating disorders: microencapsulation a boon to

potentiate their therapeutic applications‟, 2020) with the COVID -19 but that

doesn‟t mean that a perfectly healthy individual will not contract the disease.

(Bangkok Post Public Company Limited, 2020; Pratha, AshwathaPratha and

Geetha, 2017; Desk, 2020)

Most of them (53%) agree that quarantine helps in reducing spread of the

disease [fig 6]but 46% says its a myth.Quarantine is required to contain Covid

19 it is a limitation on the movement of individuals and products which are

expected to halt the spread of the disease or pests. Articles say infectious non

prejudicial virulent disease can be contained by social distancing and

practicing quarantine. The social distancing and quarantine might be non

desirable, but it might prevent local and worldwide spread of infectious

disease.(Social Distancing Sign, 2020)Without having a proper treatment or

immunization, stopping most human contact is the best way to stop the spread

of the infection (Why is coronavirus lockdown necessary?, 2020)

59 % disagrees that COVID 19 cannot spread through areas [Fig 7] which has

hot and humid climate.while 41% agree. Antimicrobial resistance is a

significant worry in a clinical set-up.(Shahzanet al., 2019) More up to date

pathogens are developing step by step which represent a significant danger in

rewarding hospitalized patients and also lack of novel antimicrobial agents is

also a disadvantage to mankind(Ashwin and Muralidharan, 2015)(Girija,

VijayashreePriyadharsini and Paramasivam, 2019)(Girija, Jayaseelan and

Arumugam, 2018) and SARS COV-2 Virus is a novel form of the coronavirus,

the virus might survive shorter periods in high temperature than a cooler and

dryer environment.(Girija, Shankar and Larsson, 2020)(Girija As and

Priyadharsini J, 2019)That doesn‟t mean the people on the equator are

protected. WHO says, as per evidence COVID 19 can be spread in all areas.

Countries like Equatorial Guinea are affected and have 719 cases.(Advice for

public, 2020) There is significantly more to find out about the transmission,

seriousness and other features related with COVid 19 and examinations are

going on.(Bangkok Post Public Company Limited, 2020)

53% of them consider that “Acid in the stomach kills the virus, if we drink a

lot of water” as a myth [fig 8]. Water has so many benefits. It boosts skin

health, regulates body temperature, flushes body waste and etc.., but

protection against the virus is questionable.(Akers et al., 2012)Most of the

virus survives the exposure to stomach acids. Drinking more water can make

acid in the stomach diluted(Newman, 2020). Moreover the novel coronavirus

affects the respiratory tract leading to difficulty in breathing, which has

nothing to do with stomach acid.

While 47% consider it as fact. 55% of the population is aware that there is no

treatment for the novel coronavirus [fig 9] and no evidence that colloidal silver

vitamins, essential oils or Indian herbs protect us from the Covid – 19. While

26% weren't aware. There is no proven prophylaxis for COVID 19 and people

are trying out remedies out of frustration to prevent themself to prevent from

the disease. Epitranscriptomics, can be used, it's a developing field of science,

in which post-transcriptional modifications of RNA, as a novel system found

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as of late, are recommended to be a fundamental procedure administering the

destiny and capacity of RNAs, which might be helpful in case of COVID19

(Paramasivam, VijayashreePriyadharsini and Raghunandhakumar,

2020).People can get immune to a disease only if they have encountered it

already and has developed immune against it.(Pratha, AshwathaPratha and

Geetha, 2017)

Ayurveda is a classic Indian system of medication,intended to secure

wellbeing and health by keeping the psyche, body, and soul in balance and

prevention from a disease.They're thought to shield body from infection and

offer an array of medical benefits, including improved assimilation and

emotional wellness.(Vaishali and Geetha, 2018)(MaajidaAafreen M, Geetha

RV and Lakshmi Thangavelu, 2019).The Indian herbs have weak antibacterial

effects but COVID-19 is caused by SARS-COV2, a novel form of coronavirus

and not a bacterium(Marickar, Geetha and Neelakantan, 2014; Menon, 2020;

Newman, 2020). But there are researches that prove some spice and herbs like

turmeric has anti-viral effect, which might be effective against COVID-19,

researches going on (Arora and Kaur, 1999)(Moghadamtousiet al., 2014)

some of the herbs contains antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants,

antiseptic properties such as neem, clove, triphala with combination of

licorice, turmeric, Aloe vera, and etc.(Marickar, Geetha and Neelakantan,

2014)(Selvakumar and Np, 2017)(Shahana and Muralidharan, 2016)

Correlation of age and the amount of panic, COVID -19 created among the

public was seen(fig 10), where 23.3% among 18-25, 12.5% among 25-35,

7.50% among 35-45, 4.17% among 45-50, and 1.67% among 50 and above

age groups . Age group 18-25 has got more panicked by the Covid 19 than

other age groups. However , this is not statistically significant. (chi-

squaretest;p value=0.439,Statistically insignificant). In spite of the fact that the

death rate and severity of COVID-19 are generally low in youngsters, panic

among them is high(Sahooet al. 2020). Additionally, Research says

adolescents and kids are viewed as hidden carriers of COVID-19(Hu et al.

2020)

Correlation of age and status of people believing Coronavirus a deadliest

virus was seen (fig 11) ,where 18.3% is 18-25, 13.3% is 25-35, 5.8% is 35-

45,3.3% is 45-50, 2.50% is 50 and above . In majority , the age group 18-25

thinks Coronavirus is the deadliest virus than others, However , this is not

statistically significant. (chi-squaretest;p value=0.579;Statistically

insignificant)

Correlation of age and people opinion on face masks against COVID-19 was

seen (fig12),where 15.83% is 18-25, 6.67% is 25-35, 3.3% is 35-45, 0% is 45-

50, 3.33% is 50 and above.The age group of 18-25 believes that face mask

protect from the virus than others.(chi-square test;p value=0.007; Statistically

significant) .

correlation of age of members and their belief on quarantine reducing the

spread of the virus was analysed(fig 13), where 12.50% is 18-25, 20.00% is

25-35, 10.83% is 35-45, 3.33% is 45-50, 0% is 50 and above . People of age

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group 25-30 are more aware of quarantine and its effect of controlling disease

spread than other age groups.(chi-square test;p value=0.003;Statistically

significant)

correlation of age and Transmission of disease in hot and humid areas (Fig 14)

was seen ,where 20.0% is 18-25, 7.50% is 25-35, 10.0% is 35-45, 2.50% is 45-

50, 0.83% is 50 and above. Majority age group 18-25 aren't aware about the

transmission of Covid 19. However , this is not statistically significant .(chi-

square test;p value=0.150 ;Statistically insignificant).

Figure 1. Pie chart depicts the awareness level of the myths about the novel

coronavirus.Majority(50% ) of the respondents reported that they were aware

of the myths about novel coronavirus 42% weren't aware.

Figure 2. Pie chart depicts the participants panic status hearing about the

COVID -19.51% answered got panic.35% answered didn't and rest answered

may be.

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Figure 3. Pie chart depicts status of people believing is Coronavirus a

deadliest virus Majority (56%) of the people of the survey believes that it‟s a

myth while,43% believes that coronavirus is the deadliest virus,

Figure 4.Piechart portrays people's opinion on face masks against COVID-19

. Most of the participants (45%) have responded that face mask doesn‟t protect

against the Novel coronavirus, 29% says it protects while 25% says it might or

might not.

Figure 5. Represents participants' belief corona virus only affects only older

people and infants.53% of the respondents of the survey believe that the Novel

coronavirus affects only the older and infants while 46% says no.

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Figure 6. Pie Chart depicts members' belief on quarantine and reducing in

spread of the virus.Most of them (53%) agree that quarantine helps in reducing

spread of the disease but 46% says its a myth.

Figure 7. Represents people's opinion on COVID19 transmission in hot and

humid climates.Majority (59 %) disagrees that COVID 19 cannot spread

through areas which have hot and humid climate.while 41% agree.

Figure 8. Depicts the participants belief on acid in stomach and effect and its

effect on the virus . 53% of them consider that “Acid in the stomach kills the

virus, if we drink a lot of water” as a myth while 47% consider it fact

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Figure 9. Portray participants' awareness of the fact , no evidence that

consuming herbs prevent COVID19.Majority (55%) of the population is

aware that there is no treatment for the novel coronavirus while (25%) weren't

aware.

Figure 10. Bar chart represents correlation of age (x axis) and the amount of

panic, COVID -19 created among public (y axis),where blue colour denotes

yes , red colour denotes no and green colour denotes may be.50% of the

population say they get panic when they hear news about the CoronaVirus,

where 23.3% among 18-25, 12.5% among 25-35, 7.50% among 35-45, 4.17%

among 45-50, and 1.67% among 50 and above age group . Age group 18-25

has got more panicked by the Covid 19 than other age groups. However , this

is not statistically significant. (chi-squaretest;p value=0.439 ;p value > 0.05

Statistically insignificant)

Figure 11. Depicts correlation of age (x axis) and status of people believing

Coronavirus a deadliest virus(y axis)where blue colour denotes myth, red

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colour denotes fact.43% of the population says that Coronavirus is the

deadliest virus is a fact, where 18.3% is 18-25, 13.3% is 25-35, 5.8% is 35-

45,3.3% is 45-50, 2.50% is 50 and above . In majority , the age group 18-25

thinks Coronavirus is the deadliest virus than others, However , this is not

statistically significant. (chi-squaretest;p value=0.579;p value > 0.05

Statistically insignificant)

Figure 12. Depicts correlation of age (x axis) and people opinion on face

masks against COVID-19(y axis),where blue colour denotes yes , red colour

denotes no and green colour denotes green.29% of the population says that

face masks protect us from COVID 19, where 15.83% is 18-25, 6.67% is 25-

35, 3.3% is 35-45, 0% is 45-50, 3.33% is 50 and above.The age group of 18-

25 believes that face mask protect from the virus than others.(chi-square test;p

value=0.007; (p value ≤ 0.05 Statistically significant) .

Figure 13. Portray correlation of age (x axis) members belief on quarantine

and reducing in spread of the virus (y axis),where blue colour denotes myth,

red colour denotes fact.46% of the population thinks quarantine doesn't help in

reducing the spread of the disease, where 12.50% is 18-25, 20.00% is 25-35,

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10.83% is 35-45, 3.33% is 45-50, 0% is 50 and above . People of age group

25-30 are more aware of quarantine and its effect of controlling disease spread

than other age groups.(chi-square test;p value=0.003;p value ≤ 0.05

Statistically significant)

Figure 14. Portray correlation of age (x axis) and Transmission of disease in

hot and humid areas (y axis),where blue colour denotes True, red colour

denotes Fact .41% of the population thinks COVID 19 cannot be transmitted

in hot and humid areas, where 20.0% is 18-25, 7.50% is 25-35, 10.0% is 35-

45, 2.50% is 45-50, 0.83% is 50 and above. Majority of the age group 18-25

aren't aware about the transmission of Covid 19. However , this is not

statistically significant .(chi-square test;p value=0.150 ;p value > 0.05

Statistically insignificant)

The study was taken in a small population where there was difference in

opinion, language communication or resource problems. The genuine

quantities of respondents are low contrasted with the all out number of people

who were put in isolation and accordingly probably won't be illustrative of the

entire group. This study might be helpful in other similar studies.

More surveys should be taken on this field so that we can assess people‟s

awareness and knowledge on different places.

CONCLUSION

The data obtained from the survey study shows that people are well

knowledgeable about the myths and aware of the facts about the novel

coronavirus. Age group 18-25 is least aware about the myths and facts about

Covid 19 among the all age groups. Government should take measures to

reduce the myth that it's around people by giving proper information that is

required. People should also stop forwarding fake messages to others. More

surveys should be conducted on such participants in different regions to

evaluate their awareness level about the novel coronavirus.

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